(1) The trade between China and the United States is unbalanced. After China joined the WTO, the trade between China and the United States has reached a considerable scale. Trade with the United States has become an important part of China's foreign trade, which is of great significance for stimulating China's sustained and stable economic growth. At the same time, due to the increasing trade surplus with the United States and the economic recession in the United States, the number of manufacturing employees has decreased by 2.7 million in the past three years, and the trade imbalance between China and the United States has become increasingly prominent. Stie Gerriets, an American economist, used an economic model to prove that if the current account deficit between one country and another exceeds 0.5% of 65438+GNP, "fierce friction" will occur between the two countries; If it exceeds 2%, it will lead to retaliatory measures; If the trade surplus with a country exceeds 25% ~ 30% of the country's trade volume, it is not only an economic issue, but also a political issue. In 2003, China's trade surplus reached 46.39% of Sino-US trade. As far as the scale of trade imbalance between China and the United States is concerned, this issue has evolved into a domestic political issue in the United States.

(B) the United States "anti-dumping" against China. Since 1980, when the United States conducted the first anti-dumping investigation against menthol in China, the United States has so far implemented more than 100 anti-dumping measures against China products, making it the country with the largest number of anti-dumping prosecutions against China in the world. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Commerce of China, from 1980 to 2003, the United States filed a wide range of anti-dumping charges against China products, with nearly 100 products, and about 80% of closed product categories were subject to anti-dumping duties by the United States. In 2003, due to the trade imbalance between China and the United States, the US "anti-dumping" against China intensified again. It has ruled that China color TV sets, malleable cast iron pipe fittings and other products constitute dumping to the United States, announced the implementation of special safeguard measures for China textiles, and ruled that China furniture enterprises constitute dumping damage to the United States. This is also the largest anti-dumping investigation case that China has encountered so far, with a value as high as10 billion US dollars. After China's entry into WTO, there are fewer and fewer legal means that the United States can use to protect its own industries, and anti-dumping has become a "heavy artillery" to promote trade protectionism.

(3) Sino-US agricultural trade disputes. Agricultural products trade has always occupied a very important position in Sino-US economic and trade relations, and it is also one of the focuses of bilateral trade friction between China and the United States. The United States is the world's largest exporter of agricultural products, accounting for 30% of China's total agricultural imports, mainly including cereals, soybeans and cotton. 1In April, 1999, China and the United States signed the Agreement on Agricultural Cooperation, which solved the problems of China's import of citrus and wheat from the United States and its quarantine, and broadened the road of agricultural trade between China and the United States. According to the statistics of the United States Department of Agriculture, in the first nine months of 2003, the total amount of agricultural products imported by China from the United States reached US$ 2.55 billion, a sharp increase of 65,438 0.23% over the same period last year. However, the agricultural products imported by the United States from China are only $930 million, and the trade surplus is as high as $65.438+62 billion. The prospect of Sino-US agricultural trade disputes is not optimistic.

(4) Sino-US textile trade disputes. Textiles and clothing are the largest commodities in Sino-US trade and the most important commodities exported by China to the United States. Because textiles have always been regarded as sensitive commodities, the income elasticity and fluctuation range are large, so the course of Sino-US textile trade is very bumpy. 200 1 After China's entry into WTO, the development of Sino-US textile trade entered a relatively quiet period. However, due to the accelerated growth of China's textile exports to the United States, the American Textile Manufacturers Association has increased the pressure on the Bush administration, accusing China of manipulating the RMB exchange rate and weakening the competitiveness of American textiles. In the end, it forced the US Department of Commerce to use the "Import Tide" mechanism clause of the China-US WTO Accession Agreement, and in 2003 officially announced the implementation of one-year safeguard measures for three types of textiles imported from China, which was strongly protested by the Chinese side. This move by the United States violates the fundamental purpose and spirit of the World Trade Organization, runs counter to the general trend of world textile and clothing trade liberalization, and has a negative impact on Sino-US textile trade relations and even international textile and clothing trade. At the same time, China also canceled the original trip to the United States to purchase agricultural products, and the Sino-US textile trade dispute became increasingly fierce.