In ancient times, more than 10,000 years ago, Sui people established Sui Ming State in Shangqiu, invented drilling wood to make fire, ended human history, created Chinese civilization, and was praised as the first in Huang San.
In the 24th century BC, among the Five Emperors, Zhuan Xu Levin moved to Shangqiu, while among the Five Emperors, he moved to Bo (Shangqiu).
Later, he sealed his son Kui Bo (deed) to Shang (now Shangqiu). Despite the ancient legends of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, Shangqiu is the capital city, and the ancient city of Shangqiu has a history of 4,500 years. The civilization created by this city in the past 4500 years is enough to push the whole Chinese civilization forward.
Kui Bo is the ancestor of Shang clan. In 2400 BC, Wei Xiao invented a calendar based on fire, and built a Vulcan platform to observe the stars while managing the fire. Based on this, the natural changes and quality of a year were measured, which made a contribution to ancient astronomy in China. Wei Xiao worked in his fief "Shang" (now Shangqiu) and was deeply loved by the people, so people respectfully called him "Vulcan". Wei Xiao died and was buried in a fief. Because Wei Xiao's country name is Shang, his tomb is also called Shangqiu, which is the origin of Shangqiu today. The earliest meaning of the word "Shangqiu" is "the settlement of the sub-surname family (Shang family) living on the hill". The word "Shangqiu" also refers to the ruins of the Shang Dynasty capital. Shangqiu is the birthplace of Chinese civilization.
The Qin Dynasty established the county system, and Shangqiu ancient city became the political, economic and cultural center of the party and county. At the end of Qin Dynasty, Liu Bang, the Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, was the satrap of the Party and County, and rebelled with the military forces of the Party and County.
In the Han Dynasty, Shangqiu ancient city was once again pushed to the forefront of China. Liu Wu, the grandson of Liu Bang, was sealed in Liang State, and the capital was under the ancient city of Shangqiu. Liu Wu became the "key man" of the Han Empire with his brilliant exploits in the Seven Kingdoms Rebellion. According to Hanshu, Liu Wu "was favored by Dou Taihou because of his few children. The king has more than forty cities, which are fertile in the world and are invincible. The national treasury has millions of money and more jewels than the capital. " It is this Liang Xiaowang, who is deeply loved by Dou Taihou and can ride, drink and hunt with the emperor, who left valuable wealth for Shangqiu with strong strength.
As if to show his special status, a 300-mile-long beam garden was built in Suiyang Palace. There are pavilions, palaces, flowers, birds, insects, fish, rare birds and animals in the garden, and its scale and facilities can be comparable to that of Yujialin. It happened that this character is a very elegant person, and he snared a group of people. At that time, the famous poets and fu writers of Meicheng, Meicheng, Meicheng, Meicheng and others gathered under his door, wrote lyrics and feasted all day long, and decorated Suiyang City with gorgeous words and styles. Liang Yuan's dazzling style of writing also spread to the prosperous Tang Dynasty hundreds of years later, so that poets and poets such as Wang Changling, Li Bai, Gao Shi, Du Fu and Cen Can came here one after another and traveled to Liang Yuan, leaving many masterpieces handed down from generation to generation here. The poet Li Bai left Shangqiu not only a wonderful chapter, but also a rich cultural heritage that can be passed down with remarkable achievements. Shangqiu ancient city has been known as "Jianghuai barrier", "a battleground for military strategists and a gathering of merchants" since ancient times. Especially during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the navigation between Shangqiu and the Grand Canal was very convenient, reaching Jingshi in the west, Jianghuai in the south and Youyan in the north. Business travel and water transportation, food merchants, salt merchants, tea merchants and silk merchants gathered here, which greatly promoted Shangqiu's commercial activities and made it a famous commercial metropolis at that time. The purpose of digging the Grand Canal in Sui Dynasty was to facilitate the north-south traffic and promote the political and economic exchanges between the north and the south. Shangqiu was an important town in the east at that time, and it was the traffic artery from the capital to the east and southeast. The ancients commented on Shangqiu and said: "It is the eternal Central Plains to take advantage of the rivers and mountains and shield Huai Xu." Therefore, in order to shorten the distance, the strategic position of Shangqiu is also one of the factors.
Obviously, Shangqiu in the Tang Dynasty had become one of the famous metropolises in China at that time. When Du Fu visited the ancient city of Shangqiu, he wrote a poem "Farewell": "In the past, I traveled in the Song Dynasty, 90,000 cities in Liang Xiaowang, and high-rise buildings were the thoroughfare. The boat is accompanied by the world, and the host and guest are more entertaining. " Li Bai wrote in Song of the Liangyuan: "Dancing songs are scattered in Bichi, and idle water flows east to the sea." The most thrilling memory of Shangqiu ancient city at this stage is that Zhang Xun, a famous Tang Dynasty soldier, fought the most tragic Suiyang war here when he rebelled in the history of Anhui Province. But the price paid is the painful price of the ancient city. As a result, Shangqiu, which suffered heavy losses, was silent for a period of time until Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin made a fortune here. In A.D. 1 127, Zhao Gou ascended the throne in Yingtianfu (now the ancient city of Shangqiu) and established the Southern Song Dynasty. During Hongzhi period of Ming Dynasty, the Yellow River flooded, which led to Guide House being buried under the loess. In the 16th year of Hongzhi (A.D. 1503), Shangqiu people broke ground near the original site of Guide House to rebuild the ancient city, which lasted for eight years and was basically completed in Zheng De's reign of Ming Dynasty (A.D. 15 1 year), and then several times. It was not until the 19th year of Jiajing (A.D. 1540) that a new wall was built on the circumference of about 500 meters outside the wall, forming a unique pattern of the trinity of the wall, the city lake and the wall, with the shape of "copper coins outside the circle and inside". The circumference of Shangqiu ancient city wall is 3.6 kilometers, and the area of brick city is 1. 13 square kilometers. There are four gates, east, west, north and south, and there are 93 streets in the city.
From Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, there were two university students (prime ministers), five ministers, a dozen assistant ministers, governors, officers and soldiers and famous literati in the city. Therefore, there were many official buildings and official residences at that time, and most of the ancient buildings were Zoumenlou and Siheyuan buildings. The original wells and toilets are plum blossom-shaped, with reasonable layout. There are two water gates on both sides of the south gate to discharge water into the moat. The broad moat rippled with blue waves and surrounded the city. The river in the south of the city is wide, more than 500 meters from north to south, east to west 1300 meters. The city dike is about 500 meters away from the city wall, with a circumference of 9 kilometers, a base width of 20 meters, a top width of 13 meters and a height of 3.3 meters. For the long-term existence of the ancient city, we have to consider the regular and irregular overflow, breach and diversion of the Yellow River (according to statistics, in the more than 3,000 years before the founding of New China, there were about 1500 times of overflow, breach and diversion in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, of which16th century was once every four or five years). From 65438 to 0986, Shangqiu Ancient City was announced by the State Council as the second batch of national historical and cultural cities.
In the early 1990s, Professor Zhang Guangzhi, an archaeologist from China, Harvard University in the United States, discovered from aerial photographs taken in the 1960s that the ruins of several ancient cities were faintly piled up in the underground of Shangqiu ancient city and its southwest. Later, he strongly suggested that China and the United States jointly explore the ancient city of Shangqiu, and hoped to find the Shang Dynasty ruins here on this basis. Four years later, the Institute of Archaeology of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and Peabody Museum of Harvard University jointly formed an archaeological team. Under the layers of yellow sand in the eastern plain of Henan, they discovered the Guide City 16 years before Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty, the Nanjing City in Yingtianfu in Song Dynasty, Song Cheng in Sui and Tang Dynasties, Suiyang City in Liang State in Han Dynasty and the ancient city of Song State in Western Zhou Dynasty.
1996, the wall of Guide House in Shangqiu Ancient City was announced by the State Council as the fourth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
In 2006, the ancient city of Song Dynasty superimposed under Guide House was announced by the State Council as the sixth batch of national key cultural relics protection units. In the same year, Shangqiu ancient city was declared as a national AAAA-level tourist attraction by the National Tourism Administration.
In 2007, the first China Tourism Forum hosted by China Association for the Promotion of National Trade was grandly opened in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. 1more than 50 well-known domestic tourist attractions, tourist hotels, travel agencies and other tourist groups participated in the forum. The forum also established an alliance of ancient cities, ancient towns and ancient villages, and selected Shangqiu Ancient City as "Top Ten Ancient Cities in China".
On March 29th, 20 1 1, Shangqiu Ancient City was included in the world cultural heritage reserve list declared by the Grand Canal.
20 1 1 year on July 8th, in "Beautiful China? In the list of the most beautiful potential scenic spots in China, Shangqiu Ancient City ranks first among the top ten most potential ancient cities in China.
1October 30th, 201165438 The celebration of the 500th anniversary of the reconstruction of Shangqiu ancient city was held ceremoniously. Li Xiaolei, deputy director of the Cultural Industry Department of the Ministry of Culture, Wang Ping, vice chairman of the Henan Provincial Political Consultative Conference, Ma Wenhui, director of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Department of the Ministry of Culture, Fan Xiufang, director of the Henan Provincial Tourism Bureau, and Yang li Ping, director of the Henan Provincial Department of Culture attended. Dashan, honorary citizen of Shangqiu and ambassador of Shangqiu ancient city, presided over the opening ceremony of the celebration.
20 1 2165438+1October1Shangqiu ancient city was approved as a national water conservancy scenic spot by the Ministry of Water Resources because of its outstanding water conservancy characteristics and high cultural taste.
2013101/At the first Macau International Tourism Expo, Shangqiu Ancient City was finally awarded the title of "Top Ten Tourism Destinations with Most Investment Potential in China" through expert recommendation and online selection.
On June 22nd, 20 14, China's Grand Canal was successfully applied for heritage, and Shangqiu ancient city was included in the World Cultural Heritage Grand Canal, and then included in the project.
201165438 2004+1October 29th, the "Beautiful China Development Forum and the First Most Beautiful China Symbol Brand List Award Ceremony" sponsored by China Daily was held in Beijing, and Shangqiu was awarded the "First Most Beautiful China Symbol Brand List and the Most Cultural".
2065438+In February 2006, Shangqiu Ancient City was awarded "China Overseas Chinese International Cultural Exchange Base".
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