The Death and Glory of Changde —— Every time I read Eighty-one Days in Jiangyin and Guarding the City, my heart will be severely hit and deeply shocked. Countless times I want to record it completely in the form of words, in order to let more readers know how precious national dignity is and how painful it is to defend it! Although I have many wishes to write this article, I have never made up my mind. The reason is that whenever I hit the keyboard, I think of the tragic scene of blood and corpses all over the city, and my heart will be mixed. After careful consideration, the author still believes that letting more people know and remember this history is the best commemoration for the protagonist. What the author can do is to describe this history as objectively and truly as possible. As for the impressions and feelings of this history, I believe everyone will have their own comments after reading it! (1) In A.D. 1645, after Hong Guang's regime was destroyed in Nanming, the Qing court began to implement a harsh "haircut order" in the south of the Yangtze River. Due to the shock of a series of massacres created by the Qing court, people all over the country gave up the clothes of the Han people. There is only one small county called Jiangyin, and there are100000 people in the whole city. They held high the anti-Qing banner, and under the command of Chen Mingyu (equivalent to the county police chief), they resisted the siege of tens of thousands of troops occupied by Liu Liangzuo. Seeing that the siege of the Qing army was getting tighter and tighter, Chen Mingyu, who felt that he was short of military talents, recommended Yan Yingyuan, a former canon historian at home, to lead everyone to guard the city instead of him, and everyone agreed. That night, a dozen people risked their lives to go out of town to find Yan Yingyuan. When they learned that Yan Yingyuan, who came to Europe, didn't refuse much, he just made a request that everyone should obey his orders. They wanted to think, hurriedly answer! During his tenure as a historian, Yan Yingyuan was deeply loved by the local people for his outstanding achievements. The Nanming government wanted to transfer him to Guangdong, but his mother was seriously ill and he couldn't go because of the war, so he was temporarily scattered outside the city. With the help of the defenders, Yan Yingyuan and his party successfully returned to the city, and a generous, tragic and magnificent history of guarding the city began. After a detailed investigation of the situation in the city, he reorganized the powerful rebels, with each battlement 10 people on duty in shifts. He also arranged for Prince Wu Ju to guard the East Gate slightly, General wang xing to guard the South Gate, Chen Mingyu to guard the West Gate, and himself to guard the North Gate. He stayed with the Governor of Chen Mingyu for four doors day and night. At the same time, people who are familiar with the goods are selected from the gentry to be responsible for the overall management of materials, money and grain in the city to ensure the logistics of military supplies. Under his deployment and arrangement, the city has taken on a new look and all the work is in order. After repeated trials, the fierce attack of the Qing army began. Several brave generals led the soldiers to climb the city wall with ladders, but whenever they tried to get close to the city, they were stabbed by the defenders' spears, or they died or were injured. The Qing army charged many times in a row and was defeated by the defenders, resulting in heavy losses. Liu Liangzuo, watching at the gate, was furious. He decided to step up the siege, ordered ten pontoons to be erected, divided thirty thousand troops into ten roads, crossed the outer city river and ran to the city. The Qing army attacked bravely and the defenders were tenacious. Yan Yingyuan commanded the defenders to strengthen the pike density, while throwing the bricks picked up at the Qing army. At the gate, they were covered in blood and screaming. However, under the attack of the Qing army artillery, some casualties began to appear in the defenders. Seeing that the siege was fruitless, Liu Liangzuo ordered a retreat. In order to resist the enemy's more violent attack, Yan Yingyuan ordered skilled craftsmen in the city to make crossbows, fireballs, fire bricks, wooden spears, rockets, riprap vehicles and other sharp weapons for guarding the city, and ordered people to smear specially configured gunpowder on the arrows. Under the strong attack of these special weapons for guarding the city, the Qing army attacked for more than ten days without progress and its morale was low. After each retreat, the surviving soldiers celebrated their survival. Seeing that the siege was impossible, Liu Liangzuo had to prepare for a protracted war. He ordered people to build cowhide tents. After a few days' rest, he ordered the artillery to shoot at the southwest of the city to attract the attention of the defenders, and ordered the Qing army to attack the northeast city on a large scale. However, it was defeated by the tenacious sniper of the defenders, leaving hundreds of bodies again. That evening, the defenders decided to further attack the Qing army. Because the cowhide tent of the Qing army was very strong, all the bricks and stones in the city fell on it and bounced off. Yan Yingyuan ordered the defenders to use human and animal excrement, mix with tung oil, fry it in a cauldron, put it in a container, and throw it under the enemy cowhide tent with a slingshot at the gate. Soon these tents were burned through, and the Qing army, who was ready to rest, was burned by this special liquid, and it was a brotherhood of the Wolf, sending out a series of piercing screams. Many people died because of the festering wounds, and the soldiers who escaped by luck were scattered everywhere. In desperation, commander Liu Liangzuo had to order a retreat of more than ten miles to avoid the attack range of the defenders. Yan Yingyuan took this opportunity to send several messengers to the Quartet for help. Pockmarked Gu San admired Yan Yingyuan's personality and led hundreds of warships to support him. Unfortunately, it was intercepted by the Qing navy. After several days of hard work, he was defeated and had to quit. There was a scholar named Jin who gathered hundreds of people to support him and was defeated by three thousand cavalry in Zhouzhuang area. The reinforcements led by Nanming generals Huang Fei and Wu Zhikui met the main forces led by Belleboro of the Qing Dynasty in Taihu Lake. After a fierce battle, the two men were captured before the battle and surrendered to the Qing court under the persuasion of some Han generals. After bad news came back to Jiangyin again and again, Yan Yingyuan and others knew that Jiangyin had completely become an isolated city, and the situation was very unfavorable. But after many times of siege, Liu Liangzuo did not dare to fill it with his life, so he had to order people to attack it from a distance, day and night for several days, causing serious damage to the battlements of Jiangyin City. Yan Yingyuan immediately ordered the craftsmen to repair the battlements. The gunfire above the city was fierce and the craftsmen were afraid. After Yan Yingyuan's earnest persuasion, these people were moved by their loyalty, risked their lives to climb the city and completed the repair of battlements. Being stuck in a lonely city is not the way. Yan Yingyuan decided to adopt a plan of pretending to surrender. Liu Liangzuo was overjoyed when he learned the news, and he was unprepared for the defenders who came to deliver books and gifts. As a result, the defenders detonated the gunpowder they carried with them and acted as suicide bombers. More than 2,000 people died on the spot due to the dense camps of the Qing army. Liu Liangzuo survived under the desperate protection of his men. Two days later, in the middle of the night, Yan Yingyuan led thousands of warriors to sneak attack the Qing army, and the Qing army lost more than 1,000 people by surprise. By the time they recovered, Yan Yingyuan and others had retreated to the city. Liu Liangzuo, a tourist trap, evacuated his camp to Shifang Temple near the south of the city. Liu Liangzuo ordered people to force buddhist nun monks to surrender at the gate with knives. However, no matter how these people begged and said that they were interested, Yan Yingyuan in the city was unmoved, just to serve the country with his death. Liu Liangzuo decided to go into battle himself. He shouted to the whole city, "Emperor Hong Guang has been captured, and Jiangnan is in the hands of the imperial court. If you surrender, will your title be below mine? " "Yan Yingyuan said calmly:"' Jiangyin people, who have owed their country for 300 years, know where the righteousness lies. How can they betray their country? The general is Hou Bo. He has 100,000 troops. If you advance, you can't restore the Central Plains; if you retreat, you can't protect the environment and the people. How can he see me, a loyal man in Jiangdong? "Liu Liangzuo feel ashamed. When he was about to take out the imperial edict of the Qing court to continue persuasion, Yan Yingyuan immediately stopped him and pointed at him with great anger: "Only generals who surrendered have no history of surrender! "After that, he ordered someone to put an arrow at the city gate, so Liu Liangzuo, who was in a rage, had to leave the city. He sighed to the people around him:" "Jiangyin people are really hopeless!" A small town failed to capture for dozens of days. Toto, Prince Yu was furious. He first dispatched Kong Youde, King Gong, to lead the troops to support him, and at the same time ordered Baylor Polo and Baylor of Songjiang to lead the elite of the Eight Banners to attack the city with hundreds of cannons captured. A few days later, the small Jiangyin City gathered more than 200,000 troops from the Qing court. Boluo first severely punished Liu Liangzuo for failing to attack the city. Then ordered the surrender of Huang Fei and Wu Zhikui to the city gate to surrender. As a result, before they could talk, Yan Yingyuan angrily denounced: "It's a shame that I was captured, the Han family died quickly and surrendered to the alien!" "Two people flushed, mess to step down. Seeing that the surrender was invalid, Boluo ordered the siege. At the same time, the artillery was ordered to cover. This time, the Eight Banners went into battle. These soldiers are fearless and extremely brave. They rushed to the city by turns many times. After fierce fighting, they were still repelled by the defenders. After dozens of days of bloody battles, the defenders are exhausted, and Yan Yingyuan can only encourage everyone to grit their teeth and stick to it; Seeing that the siege was still going on, the Qing army took the opportunity to burn, kill and plunder outside the city. After their evil deeds were known by the defenders, they strengthened their determination to stick to the end. Seeing the grim situation, Yan Yingyuan ordered people to collect the loose hair in the city and throw it outside the city, so that the Qing army thought that the city was shaved, thus paralyzing the Qing army. However, this plan was seen through by Liu Liangzuo, who suffered a lot. He ordered people to observe the hair of the defenders and found that these people did not lose their hair. Boluo also offered a trick to persuade surrender: tearing down the banner of "Daming Zhongxing" in the city and inserting the banner of Qing Dynasty in four city gates; Killing the leaders can forgive the people of the whole city. Yan Yingyuan didn't promise. Boluo took another step back: as long as the flag of the Qing army was planted in the city, the troops could retreat. If the flag is changed at this time, it will undoubtedly disintegrate the morale of the defenders. In addition, he resisted for so long and killed so many Qing troops. He didn't believe in the credibility of the Qing court, so Yan Yingyuan disagreed. (2) The war situation in Jiangyin City was not smooth, which alarmed the Regent Dourgen in Beijing. He ordered people to send surrender. After the imperial edict was shot into the city, Yan Yingyuan opened it and said, "The Ming court is dead. It is useless to defend it. I will surrender quickly to protect your wealth! " Yan Yingyuan sneered, picked up the brush and brushed it at the back. "I would rather die than surrender!" And ordered people to shoot back at the Qing army. After many surrenders, some people in the city began to waver, but because of Lord Yan Yingyuan's rock-solid belief, people gave up the idea of surrender. Jiangyin City has been sticking to it for dozens of days, and all kinds of materials originally reserved in the city have been exhausted, so Yan Yingyuan had to order the people to levy grain and halve the rations of the defenders. Near the Mid-Autumn Festival, the people in the city felt the loyalty of the defenders and brought food, wine and wine utensils. A scholar named Xu wrote an appropriate "Wugengdiao" according to the style of ancient Yuefu. For a time, the city was full of wine and melodious songs. Everyone is enjoying the peace before the final battle! On the evening of August 17, Yan Yingyuan finished his tour of the city and called on all the defenders to sing "Melody of the Five Rings" to boost morale. In an instant, the mixed songs of orchestral music, stringed instruments and bamboo instruments resounded through the night sky for miles. Boluo, commander-in-chief of the Qing court, was used to the cowardice and fear of death of southerners. He heard the song and remembered the amazing fighting capacity and firm belief of this small town in the face of its own army of more than 200,000. He couldn't help feeling: "I didn't expect that there were such strong-willed people among the Han people!" "The next day, the final battle began. The Qing army moved all the assembled hundreds of cannons to the front, shelling the northeast gate of Jiangyin City, causing a large number of casualties among the defenders in the city. It was raining heavily, and the Qing army covered the cannon with cowhide and filled it with gunpowder, firing alternately at the city. Jiangyin city is in danger, and the defenders temporarily supported from other places are gradually unable to support it under heavy artillery fire and downpour. At this time, the Qing army ignited the smoke and fired empty guns to confuse the defenders in the city. It was dark around, and a large number of Qing troops crossed the moat and poured into the city from the northeast of Jiangyin where the artillery collapsed. Jiangyin city, which held on for 8 1 day, was finally captured, and the bitter hand-to-hand combat began. Yan Yingyuan, a martial arts expert, personally went into battle and arranged the defenders in a dense formation to resist the attack of the Qing army entering the city. The two sides fought fiercely for a long time, and the follow-up support of the Qing army arrived one after another. The defenders gradually became irresistible and withdrew to prepare for street fighting with the Qing army. Yan Yingyuan, who continued to organize rebel resistance, wrote a couplet: "On the 80 th, he was loyal to the 17 dynasties, and one hundred thousand people died with one heart, leaving Daming three hundred miles. "I hope that future generations can really understand why they want to die! He led thousands of rebels and the Qing army in a bloody battle in the city, with dozens of Qing troops under his command. Seeing fewer and fewer soldiers, the follow-up troops of the Qing army continued to enter the city. He made a decisive decision and decided to break through the west gate. As a result, in the face of the swarming Qing army, there was no chance to leave the city. In desperation, he had to retreat to a small lake in the city. He said to the soldiers around him, "Thank you for those who lived and died for me. I should be loyal to my country! " Then he pulled out his knife and stabbed himself in the chest, bleeding profusely, and then jumped into the lake. Just as everyone wanted to rescue him, Liu Liangzuo came with his army. Faced with this hard bone that made him suffer many times and was punished by his master, he decided to take Yan Yingyuan alive. Ordered people to fish it out of the lake, tie it up and put it in front of Bellepolo sitting in the county government. When he learned that the man in front of him was the garrison commander, the generals around him drew their swords and forced him to kneel. Who knows that Yan Yingyuan, who is full of pride, is unyielding and still faces the surrender of the Han people. The escort pierced his calf with a pike, bleeding profusely, and Yan Yingyuan fell to the ground in pain. That night, he was locked up in the qixia temple in the city. The Qing court persuaded him to surrender overnight and failed to shake him. The first sight pierced the earth the next morning, and the loyal and unyielding hero was killed. After the fall of Jiangyin, Chen Mingyu, who was born as a scholar, could not command a breakthrough like Yan Yingyuan. He decisively ordered his family to close the door and raise the fire, and all 43 members of his family were buried in the sea of fire. He fought the Qing soldiers in the street alone with a knife. After being hit hard, the wanderer stood upright with a knife and finally died in chaos. Feng Houdun, an instructor who helped guard the city, also committed suicide, and his wife and sister died with him. There are many such tragic stories: all the students, Qi Xun and Xu Yong, set themselves on fire and died. When Xu Wang, a student, was detained by the Qing army, he said, "Why did you die without food because you were high flyers? "His lofty spirit said:' Is the righteousness of the monarch and the minister official? Fair repetition. After the scholar Shuimou was captured by the Qing army, he sighed before his execution: "I am a humble person, and I gained the strength of a scholar-bureaucrat today. I died for loyalty, and I still have life after death. " "Say calmly to die. Angry at the great humiliation and casualties brought by the people in the city, the Qing army began to slaughter the city, and the once beautiful and rich Jiangyin city became a purgatory on earth. The remaining defenders fought bloody battles and died heroically, but no one begged for mercy and surrendered! Liancheng women, old and young, are proud of their deaths. The nearby river is full of corpses, and a city of 100,000 people is almost empty. Many years later, someone dug up the bodies of martyrs in the city, showing the bloody and tragic scene at that time! An even more sacrificed unknown woman wrote her last words: "The battlefield is full of rotten bones, and the lonely city is unwilling to surrender. Send a message to passers-by, don't cover your nose, the living are not as fragrant as the dead. "Two days later, the Qing army stopped the slaughter and began to post notices about their daughters. Only 53 people survived in this city. Alas! Respectable! Kepei! In the face of the feats of this group of ordinary people, many senior officials in Nanming are really ashamed! In the next season, scholars are not ashamed of evil intentions. Those high-ranking officials, who enjoy the same fame, are proud of being masked and begging for surrender; The commander in chief of the government turned against the enemy and turned inward. Du Yan and Chen Er's Canon of History are justified in a city. If you keep Jingkou, Jiangnan will not give it away. " Really, say it! Yan Yingyuan, a small official, could have stayed out of it, but he stepped forward at the critical moment and held on to 8 1 day with the support of the whole city. Defeated the repeated attacks of the 240,000 troops of the Qing court, and finally killed a dozen generals, causing 75,000 casualties to the enemy. In every peaceful era, when we rush about in the sea of people and are busy in life, we gradually mature, we begin to be calm, we know how to be smooth, and we also know how to retreat and endure in time. We choose to compromise with a lot of irrationality and unfairness, and we comfort ourselves. It's all about living! In many war-torn years in history, those people originally just wanted to live peacefully, just like you and me above. When faced with foreign invasion and clothes lost, a hero like Yan Yingyuan, who is divorced from worldly fame and fortune and lives only for the national justice in his heart, flapped his arms, and many people's originally cooled blood began to burn, and their numb souls began to wake up! From each other's eyes, they found something more precious than living, that is, national dignity. So they gathered from fields, study rooms, restaurants, tea shops and shops. When they made the decision to fight to the end, they stuck to it with their lives. Although the earth is covered with blood, the loyal soul lives forever! Any language and writing between heaven and earth are powerless in the face of their feats. As future generations, the only thing we can do is to remember and cherish the memory of these ancestors, because it is they who have forged the strongest, most upright and unyielding backbone of our nation! Reprinted for thinking only! Copyright belongs to the original author. 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