Morning? Camouflage? The so-called camouflage, camouflage, originally means camouflage, which means that soldiers can hide themselves from the enemy on the battlefield. But before the concept of modern camouflage was established, early military uniforms not only did not advocate concealment, but also liked particularly conspicuous colors. Psychedelic color? .
Soldiers in early European countries generally wore brightly colored combat suits. For example, the modern British army, except for some special forces with personality, such as wearing green military uniforms and nicknames? Green jacket? In the 95 rifles with green jackets, most other soldiers wear bright red uniforms, so the British army also has a nickname? Lobster warrior. Generally speaking, the army at that time used bright uniforms for two reasons:
95th Rifle Regiment
First, after the invention of firearms, the army still pays attention to marching formation, so soldiers can't hide freely and need to form formation. When using formation attack, officers think that bright uniforms are very imposing, which can boost morale and enhance combat effectiveness.
Second, the early battlefield was filled with smoke, and after the formation was dispersed, soldiers often had to fight hand-to-hand and hand-to-hand Bright combat uniforms help to identify the enemy and reduce the situation in which friendly forces attack each other.
In addition, some historians believe that, in addition to the above two reasons, the British troops in red uniforms may come from the British flag? Mizi flag? (British flag) Red, blue and white are adopted by France, Sweden and other countries, so only red can be used.
British soldiers have been wearing red uniforms for hundreds of years. By the end of 19, they decided to change. The British Indian army took the lead in changing the color of military uniforms. They dyed their uniforms khaki with dyes, spices and other things. On the one hand, because of the hot weather in India, wearing red military uniforms is easy to cause visual fatigue and make people upset. On the other hand, as the main military force stationed in the British colonies, the British Indian army often went to various places to fight, so in order to avoid becoming a conspicuous target on the battlefield, the color of the military uniform was changed.
The practice of the British Indian army was not only criticized, but also triggered a wave, making khaki military uniforms the standard color of the British army. The khaki military uniform not only achieved the camouflage effect on the battlefield, but also was easier to clean and maintain than the bright military uniform, so it quickly inspired the armies of various countries, and the original camouflage idea gradually spread.
The military camouflage of World War I entered the 20th century. With the rapid improvement of military reconnaissance technology and artillery power, European countries have realized the importance of camouflage in combat. In the past, bright and bright military uniforms gradually withdrew from history, and a large number of military uniforms with darker colors and difficult modeling were put into use. According to records, during the First World War, the Germans began to consciously strengthen the confusion of military uniforms. For example, soldiers' helmets are painted with camouflage paint to increase confusion and concealment. This is to prevent the British reconnaissance plane from seeing the whereabouts of the Germans and to protect the German soldiers who leaned out of the trenches for observation from being hit by snipers. But beyond that, there was no systematic camouflage uniform at that time.
Dazzled? (dazzling) camouflage
Germans have a sense of concealment, and the French are not far behind. The French gave full play to their artistic expertise and gathered a large number of painters to splash ink on the front-line artillery and paint the artillery with colors close to the surrounding environment. Later battles proved that this camouflage effect was surprisingly good.
After the French invention spread, most participating countries realized the importance of camouflage weapons and equipment. Since then, warships, planes and cars have basically been coated with one kind of equipment? Fanse? (destruction mode), which is easy to hide in the surrounding environment and erase the appearance characteristics. Even if the enemy finds it, it is impossible to judge the model and quantity of the equipment.
Dazzled? (dazzling) camouflage
Should the peak charm of World War I belong to the British army? Dazzled? (dazzle) camouflage. Because of the huge ships, neither warships nor civilian ships can easily hide themselves at sea, so from 19 17, the British began to paint irregular thick lines and wavy camouflage on merchant ships and warships in an attempt to interfere with the range finder of German submarines with dazzling effects, so that the other side could not judge the speed and position of British ships, thus reducing the risk of being hit. Does this disguise work? No one has done statistics, but at least it proves that people have taken camouflage as an effective means of war.
Military Camouflage in World War II After World War I, countries reflected on the war process and found that military camouflage had great potential, so they vigorously developed camouflage technology. Due to the great development of reconnaissance technology, camouflage means is no longer as simple as fooling the opponent's camera. Weapons experts from all over the world have designed various camouflage effects by studying bionics, optics, geography and even psychology. Coupled with the upgrading of printing and dyeing technology, by the outbreak of World War II, all participating countries had basically developed camouflage training uniforms and even special camouflage field coats according to different combat environments.
Germans who painted helmets in World War I once again led the development of camouflage. They designed more than one camouflage suit. Germans who like uniforms provide several disguises for the Wehrmacht, SS and paratroopers.
After Pearl Harbor, the Pacific War broke out between the United States and Japan. In order to fight in the Pacific, the US military developed a common name for the Marine Corps. Frog skin? Frogskin's double-sided camouflage uniform means that the inside and outside colors are different. One side of this uniform is blue-brown and the other side is khaki. Soldiers can choose which side to wear according to the natural environment and season.
Intriguingly, at that time, the US military planned to carry out a dressing experiment in the European battlefield. However, because the camouflage uniforms of the American army were bold at that time, their camouflage uniforms were closer to the Germans than those of the allied forces. If you change them, it will easily lead to confusion in identifying the enemy and the enemy. Finally, the U.S. military gave up its plan to change clothes in Europe.
Military Camouflage after World War II After the end of World War II, the international situation became increasingly stable, and all countries did not want to get involved in the war, so the research on camouflage slowed down. The United States has been in a state of war because of its own strategy, so it has never stopped pursuing camouflage technology. For example, in Vietnam, in order to meet the needs of jungle operations, the US military changed its military uniform into olive green, which was used until the end of the Vietnam War. It can be said that camouflage has entered the big green era since then.
However, during the Vietnam War, the American army didn't just use camouflage uniforms. Not only did they try all kinds of targeted jungle camouflage, but even some special forces? Borrow? This paper introduces the tiger skin camouflage clothes used by the South Vietnamese army.
Tiger skin camouflage suit
As one of the first countries to use camouflage uniforms, Britain was not idle after the war. In 1960s, a new camouflage pattern material (DPM) was tried out, and in 1968, the old green military uniform was completely replaced by DPM camouflage.
At the end of the 20th century, the Gulf War broke out, and the United Nations troops led by American troops entered the desert region of the Middle East. In order to improve the efficiency of fighting the Iraqi army, desert camouflage was invented. The US military first developed a common name? Chocolate chips? Six-color desert camouflage of chocolate chips. Later, after the Gulf War, the color was improved and three-color desert camouflage was invented. Because the European Union has many combat missions in desert areas, Britain, Germany and others have followed the footsteps of the United States and replaced desert camouflage.
Digital camouflage
2 1 century, with the complexity of battlefield environment, military camouflage technology has made a breakthrough. At the beginning of 2000, in view of the diversity of combat areas, the US military developed the Universal Camouflage Pattern (UCP), and completed the reloading in 2004. The so-called digital camouflage is made up of similar? Pixel? A large irregular pattern made up of small squares looks like a mosaic. If you look at it with the naked eye in the distance, you can hardly find the whereabouts of the wearer. Subsequently, all countries developed their own digital camouflage.
The Significance of Camouflage Since the appearance of standard military uniform, its color has infiltrated the idea of camouflage intentionally or unintentionally. From the first red to the later big green, and finally to the digital camouflage of mosaic patterns, it is basically to achieve two primary purposes: first, to disguise the wearer as a background with protective colors and confuse the enemy's sight; Second, try to distort the original shape of the wearer, which can achieve the effect of distortion and confuse the enemy's attention.
These two main goals have an ultimate goal: to protect the wearer from being discovered or attacked.
Military camouflage has developed for more than 200 years, from ignorance to magic, which not only reflects the changes of a country's combat mode and military strategy, but also reflects the influence of scientific and technological progress on war.