1. The Temple of Heaven is the largest existing ancient sacrificial complex in China, which is located on the east side of Inner Street Road, Yongdingmen, Chongwen District, Beijing, covering an area of about 2.73 million square meters. The Temple of Heaven was founded in the 18th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1420), and was rebuilt and rebuilt during the reign of Qing Qianlong and Guangxu. It is the place where emperors of Ming and Qing dynasties offered sacrifices to the emperor and prayed for a bumper harvest of grain. The main buildings are the Hall of Prayer for the New Year, the Dome, the Imperial Dome, the Zhai Palace, the Divine Music Department and so on.
2. Ditan, also known as Fang Zetan, is the second largest altar among the five altars in the ancient capital Beijing. Ditan is located in Andingmenwai Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing. Ditan was built in the 9th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (AD 1530). It is the place where the emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties sacrificed to the "God of the Emperor", and it is also the largest existing ground sacrificial altar in China. There are famous scenic spots in ditan park, such as Fangzetan, Forbidden City, Archway and Zhaigong.
3. Ritan, located in the west of Nanlishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, was built in Ming Dynasty 1530. It was the place where emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties offered sacrifices to Daimyojin (the sun). On the vernal equinox, Daming's altar was dedicated to the west, surrounded by a round wall and a star gate. There were stoves and ponds outside the west gate. Outside the north gate, there are a god library, a god chef, a sacrificial pavilion, a bell tower and a clothes hanging hall. In 2006, it was rated as a national cultural relics protection unit.
4. Moon altar, also known as "Moon altar", is the place where the Ming and Qing emperors offered sacrifices to the night god (the moon) and the stars in the sky at the autumn equinox. It was built in the 9th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1530) and rebuilt in Qing Dynasty. It is one of the nine altars and eight temples in Beijing, which was abandoned in the early Republic of China. It is a cultural relic protection unit in Beijing. Yuetan Park was established in 1955.
5. Xiannongtan, the place where emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties offered sacrifices to Xiannongshen and held farming ceremonies. Located on the west side of Yongdingmennei Street. Founded in the 18th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1420), it was originally a famous mountain altar, offering sacrifices to the gods of Xiannong, Tai Sui, Fengyun, Thunderstorm, Wuyue, Wuzhen, Hayes, Sidu and Zhongshan, and offering sacrifices to the God of Shoushan in the next day in Zhongshan. During the Wanli period, Qi Temple, Shencang and Zhaigong were built one after another, named Xiannongtan.
Extended data:
There used to be a saying in old Beijing: "The Summer Palace has five altars and eight temples." It is a typical representative of scenic spots in old Beijing. "Five altars" refer to the Temple of Heaven, Ditan, Ritan, Moon Altar and Xiannong Altar. Eight temples refer to the ancestral temple, Fengxian Temple, Chuanxin Temple, Shouhuang temple Temple, Yonghe Palace, Tangzi Temple, Confucian Temple and emperors' temples. In feudal times, these places were places where emperors offered sacrifices to ancestors, deities and buddhas, and sages of past dynasties.
1. The ancestral hall is located on the east side of Tiananmen Square in Dongcheng District, Beijing. It is the ancestral hall of emperors in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Built in the 18th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1420), it was built according to the traditional ceremony of "worshipping heaven and offering sacrifices to ancestors" in ancient China. The ancestral hall is rectangular in plane, 475 meters long from north to south and 294 meters wide from east to west, with a construction area of 2,240 square meters. The main beams in the temple are all outsourced by Daphne, and the building components are all golden nanmu.
2. Fengxian Temple, located on the east side of the Imperial Palace in the Forbidden City, is the ancestral hall of the royal family in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and was built in the early Ming Dynasty. Reconstruction in the 14th year of Qing Shunzhi (1657). According to the Qing system, whenever it comes to Wang Shuo, Wanshou Festival, New Year's Day and Memorial Day, etc. , is a big sacrifice in the lobby; Burn incense in the back hall on Christmas Day, Deathday, Lantern Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Mid-Autumn Festival, First Frost and New Year's Eve.
3. The Heart-Passing Hall, located on the east side of Wenhua Hall in the southeast corner of the Forbidden City, is a sacrificial building complex composed of rectangular courtyards. Covers an area of 2,500m2. Guo Xin Dian is the place where the Qing emperor held a "memorial ceremony" before the royal banquet. There are memorial tablets of Fu Xi, Shennong, Xuanyuan, Yao Shun, Tang, Wen and Wu in the temple. Duke Zhou in the east and Confucius in the west.
4. Shou huang temple is a group of buildings located in the north of Jingshan Mountain, including the main hall, the left and right mountain halls, the east and west annex halls, and ancillary buildings such as the God Kitchen, the God Library, the Monument Pavilion and the Jingting Pavilion. The wall is square and faces south. The outer 9-story, 4-column and 3-wood archway is divided into east, south and west sides, all of which are glazed tile palace roofs. Total width 16.2 meters, all of which are bucket arches, and there are three arched doors in front of the door.
5. The Lama Temple, located in the northeast corner of Beijing, was built here in the thirty-third year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1694), and Emperor Kangxi gave his fourth son, Prince Yong. In the third year of Yongzheng (1725), the palace was changed to the Lama Temple. After nine years of Qianlong (1744), the Lama Temple was changed to the Lama Temple, and the special prime minister Wang was appointed to manage the palace affairs without quota.
6. Tangzi, Tangzi was founded in 1644. Originally, it was east of Yu He Bridge outside the left gate of Chang 'an, that is, west of the north exit of Taijichang Street. Tangzi is the title of Manchu temple. Here are the relics of four ancestors who died before entering the customs. After the Qing court established political power, whenever there was a major political and military action, it was held in the temple, which was then called "the Temple of Sacrifice". "Tang Zi worships heaven" is listed as one of the auspicious gifts in Qing Dynasty.
7. The Confucius Temple, or Confucius Temple, covers an area of 22,000 square meters and has three courtyards. On the central axis, the buildings are successively the head teacher, Dachengmen, Dachengdian and Chongsheng Temple. On the east side of the front yard, there are stele pavilions, chefs, provincial sacrifice pavilions and well pavilions. To the west, there is a pavilion of steles, a place of fasting and a gate of worship, which is connected with imperial academy. There are 198 inscriptions written by scholars in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties on both sides, engraved with the names, places of origin and rankings of 5 1624 scholars.
8. The Imperial Temple, commonly known as the Imperial Temple, was built in the ninth year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1530). They were places where emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties sacrificed their ancestors, and their political status was equal to that of ancestral temples and Confucius temples, which were collectively called the three royal temples in Beijing in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, set the number of sacrifices to emperors as 18, and the emperor shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty set it as 25 after making Beijing its capital.
Beijing Municipal People's Government-On Historical Buildings in Beijing
Baidu encyclopedia-Tiantan park
Qianlong News Network-Where are the "Five Tanks and Eight Temples" in Old Beijing and Beijing?