Mao Zedong designated "July 1st" as the anniversary of the founding of the Party, and party flag fluttered on this day.
Southern Network News:1921July 23rd, 12 Representatives from local * * * production party groups (another personal representative from Chen Duxiu) and two international representatives gathered in Shanghai to hold the first national congress of the Party and announce the birth of China * * * production party.
As we all know, July 1 day is the anniversary of the founding of the Party in China every year, but "anniversary" does not mean "birth day". It was unclear for a long time when the first national congress marked the founding of the Party was held in 192 1 year. After emancipating the mind after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, the researchers decided that the "First Congress" would be held on July 23rd. At present, the "July 1st" commemoration activities in China are still the same, but the official party history data have shown that this is only a symbolic date.
Mao Zedong confirmed July 1 day as the anniversary of the founding of the Party, but did not say it was a birthday.
Before 1938, there was no consensus on the exact time when the China * * * production party was established. This is because the party itself has gone through a long process, and it does not have an accurate date of birth from the mother like a human baby.
Before 1938, some books of China's * * * production party and the Soviet Union said that Dang Sheng was in 1920. In February this year, Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao first agreed to set up a * * producers' party (known as "Meeting Li Jiandang" in history), and in August, they first set up a group in Shanghai. Since then, groups have been set up in Beijing, Guangzhou, Jinan, Wuhan and Hunan. At that time, the name of these organizations was "* * * Production Party", but there was no unified leading body and party program in the whole country.
According to the requirements of the * * * production party group (more than 50 people in total) scattered in cities all over the country and students studying in Japan and France, and the opinions of * * * production international, the national congress of the Party was formally held in the summer of 192 1. 12 representatives from all over the country, together with Bao Huisheng, a private representative from Chen Duxiu, secretly gathered in Shanghai in July, and * * * International also sent two representatives. By convening the first national congress, the earliest party program was adopted, the central government set up a leading body, and the China Producers Party became a national political party.
After the establishment of China * * Production Party, it was kept secret for a long time. Most early party member died or left the Party, and many early documents were not kept in China. At the end of the Long March of the CPC Central Committee, there were only two iron box files that Wan Li trudged on his shoulders, among which there was no "one big" material. 1937 after the central government entered Yan' an, the environment was stable, and it was necessary to expand its influence throughout the country and unite the whole party. 1in the spring of 938, Mao Zedong decided to hold a commemoration of the founding of the Party and designated the "First Congress" as the official birth date of the Party.
At that time, only Dong and I attended the "First Congress" held in Yan 'an. In addition to the death of the other four representatives, Zhang has defected, Chen Tanqiu is still in the Soviet Union, Li Da teaches in the Kuomintang-controlled areas, and Chen Gongbo and Zhou Fohai are both senior officials in the Kuomintang, so it is difficult to solicit opinions widely. He Dong had no written materials of that year, but only remembered going to Shanghai for a meeting in July, so he decided to take the first day of that month, that is, July of 1 as the anniversary of the founding of the Party. 1 In May, 938, Mao Zedong formally put forward in his speech at Yan 'an War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Research Association: "1July is the anniversary of the founding of China * * * Production Party17th anniversary." It should be said that the language of this sentence is still cautious, just saying that this day is an "anniversary."
Before 1980, the anniversary was regarded as the date of birth for a long time.
After the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China designated July 1st as the anniversary of the founding of the Party, celebrations were held on this day every year from the Shensi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region to the Liberated Areas 2. Some authors of propaganda materials take Mao Zedong's words for granted, and write "Memorial Day" as "Birth Day" and follow suit. Until 1980, the "First Congress" was written as 1 921July1.
In the early days of liberation, some leaders conducted "major" inspections. Chen Yi set up a working group when he was the mayor of Shanghai, so he released Yang Shuhui, the wife of traitor Zhou Fohai, and asked her to help find the house she had been to when she accompanied her husband to the "First University". The working group found Mrs. Wang who arranged the venue and finally determined the venue of the "First Congress", but the historical parties failed to specify the time of the "First Congress".
In the 1950s, Li Da, Bao Huisheng and Liu Renjing, who had left the Party, recalled that the "First National Congress" was held in the summer vacation, because most of the delegates, including Mao Zedong, were studying or teaching at school, so they could only get away on vacation, and the summer vacation in China was after mid-July.
1957, the Soviet Central Committee handed over to Beijing the archives of China's past production, which contained important clues of "One Big". Unfortunately, after this year's anti-Rightists, the atmosphere of democratic research in China is increasingly lacking. In view of the fact that the Central Committee has set July 1 day as the Party's founding day (in fact, Mao Zedong's words are "anniversary"), no one has seriously studied the exact date.
After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, the date of the "First Congress" was determined according to a murder case.
At the end of 1978, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China began to set things right, and also began a comprehensive scientific study on the issue of party history. The following year, the Central Party School gathered a group of historians, and the team headed by Shao, a teacher from the Logistics College of the People's Liberation Army, was responsible for textual research on the specific situation of the First National Congress.
The researchers first consulted the memories of the delegates and their families at that time, and generally affirmed that the "First Congress" was held in late July. There are different opinions on the date of the first congress in the archives handed over by the Soviet Union. Two materials said that it was July 23rd: one was the memory written by Chen Tanqiu, the representative of the first congress in Wuhan (1943 was killed by warlords in Xinjiang), and the other was the report of the special representative of Red International of Chita Trade Union. Both of them are directly related to the "First National Congress", and the statement is the most credible, but it needs to be proved by domestic materials.
Both the memories of the parties and the reports of international representatives say that the meeting was held in Shanghai for eight days. On the last day, a murder at Chen Gongbo's residence alarmed the police, and the French Concession patrolled the venue. The delegates moved to Jiaxing Nanhu for a one-day meeting and ended the meeting. If we find out the time of the murder, we can verify the date of the meeting.
Chen Gongbo and Zhou Fohai, who participated in the First National Congress, defected to the Kuomintang and became traitors, which was despised by people, but their memoirs can also be used for reference. Both of them recalled that Chen Gongbo took his new wife to Shanghai and stayed at Dadong Hotel. On the day when the first national congress stopped in Shanghai, the couple's next room "had a rape and murder case that night, and two shots were fired, killing a woman". The researcher searched the newspaper of that year, and sure enough, there was a record of 192 1 in the Shenbao of "murder case found in Dadong Hotel" in early August, and the time of the murder case occurred in the early morning of July 3 1. The date of this murder case was pushed forward by 8 days, which happened to be July 23rd. This shows that the date of the "First Congress" held by Chen Tanqiu and international representatives is correct.
The research results of a big date were reported to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with 1980, and Hu Qiaomu, who is in charge of publicity and education, praised them. The Secretariat of the Central Committee also discussed whether to revise the anniversary of the founding of the Party. Considering decades of habits, Mao Zedong only designated "July 1 Day" as "Memorial Day", and the central government finally decided not to change it. However, when 198 1 commemorates the 60th anniversary of the founding of the Party, the Chronicle of China's Party History Events compiled by the Party History Research Office of the Central Committee set the birth date of the Party as July 23rd.
History has always been a mirror of today. Only by treating the past with a realistic attitude can we cultivate a scientific attitude in practical work. Through the textual research on the history of the first National Congress of China, people can not only see the progress of historical research under the guidance of seeking truth from facts, but also get many useful inspirations from it. (Editor: Yuan Min)