Question A of 1 reflects that the essence of Athenian democracy is a kind of violent democracy, which is the violence imposed by the majority on the minority, and the truth supported by the majority is always advocated and instilled in the people by slave owners. Through the influence and control of this ideology, slave owners achieved the goal of dictatorship under the cloak of democracy.

2 Topic D: Most countries that started modernization late started modernization only after being invaded and colonized by advanced countries in the 20th century, and gradually woke up and succeeded in revolution.

Topic D: Violent plunder and direct acquisition of wealth are the characteristics of foreign aggression in the primitive accumulation stage of capitalism after the opening of the new air route, such as triangle trade; Commodity export is the characteristic of capitalism's foreign aggression after the industrial revolution, which means that British cheap goods flood into India in large quantities and impact the traditional handicrafts in India. Getting a lot of profits is not the purpose of aggression, but the fundamental purpose of capital aggression is to occupy the market.

C. Hu Shi means that after Confucius, Confucianism became a positive and promising representative. A, B and D all reflect that Confucianism teaches people to take the world as their responsibility, that is, the way to govern the country and level the world; Only item C is about self-cultivation.

5 choose d, the water and heat conditions are poor in spring, and choose low-lying areas to avoid the wind and have water; There is less wind and sand in autumn and more precipitation, and the flat land is rich in forage, which is convenient for storage in winter;