Feng Jinglan, the word Huaixi, Huaixi people. 1898 was born in a landlord family in tanghe county, Henan (his grandfather owns 1200 mu of land). His father Feng Taiyi was a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, his brother Feng Youlan was a famous philosopher, and his sister Feng was a famous modern female writer. This family has a family style of writing poems. Feng Jinglan also loves to write poems and inherits this tradition. His father helped Zhang Zhidong to do "Westernization" and wanted to save the country through industry. This had an impact on young Feng Jinglan. Unfortunately, Jinglan lost her father when she was a child, and later she was educated by her mother Wu Qingzhi. Jinglan entered the private school in her hometown when she was a child, and later studied in the county primary school. 19 13 entered Kaifeng No.2 Middle School, and 19 16 was admitted to Peking University Preparatory School. 19 18 Feng Jinglan went to the United States to study mine geology in colorado school of mines at public expense, 192 1 graduated; In the same year, he was admitted to the Graduate School of Columbia University, USA, where he studied mineral deposits, petrology and geology, and obtained a master's degree of 65438-0923. When he returned to China that year, he devoted his life to the geological education and mineral geological exploration of the motherland.

From 1923 to 1927, Feng Jinglan served as a lecturer, professor and head of the department of mineral geology at Zhongzhou University. Besides teaching, he also studied the sand dunes near Kaifeng. This is the beginning of his indissoluble bond with the management and development of the Yellow River. 1927 also went to Heishanzhai Valley in Changping, Hebei Province to investigate the gold geology. This is one of the earliest modern mineral deposit geological work in China. 1927 ——1929 Feng Jinglan served as the technical director of Guangdong-Guangxi Geological Survey (Guangzhou). Successively cooperated with Joe Chu and Le Senxun. Investigate the geology along the Guangzhou-Kowloon Railway (1927, the first modern geological survey conducted by China people in Guangdong and Guangxi), the geology and mineral resources in northern Guangdong (1927) and the comprehensive survey of geology and mineral resources in Guangzhou-Shaoguan section of the Guangdong-Han Railway (1929). They made a detailed investigation and study on the topography, strata, structure and minerals in northern Guangdong. It is also fully noted that tertiary red gravel strata are widely distributed in this area. This layer is the most complete in Danxia Mountain in Renhua County, so it is named "Danxia Layer". Danxia layer is 300 ~ 500m thick and flat. After weathering and denudation, cliffs and peaks are formed everywhere, forming a unique landscape, hence the name "Danxia landform" or "Danxia landform". This name has been used by Chinese and foreign scholars to this day. 1928 to 1929, the coalfield geological survey centered on Liuzhou has been carried out successively, and a large number of investigations and studies have been carried out on the strata and tectonic movements in coal mines, silver-lead mines, antimony mines, "Longshan system" in northern Guangxi and "Zhu Jin depression sandstone". On the basis of the actual materials of the above work, they made a comprehensive study on the strata, geological structures and minerals of Guangdong and Guangxi. At the 4th Pan-Pacific Science Conference held in Batavia, Java (now Jakarta) from 65438 to 0929, Feng Jinglan read an academic paper on Guangdong's geological and mineral resources. After returning to China, he also introduced the progress of foreign volcanology research.

1929 ——1933 Feng Jinglan used to be a professor at Beiyang university, teaching mineralogy, petrology, mineral deposit science and general geology. During this period, we investigated the geology and minerals along Shenyang-Haihe Railway in Liaoning, the genesis of Long Xuan Iron Mine in Hebei and the geological conditions in northern Shaanxi.

At this time, Feng Jinglan not only devoted himself to domestic geological survey, but also attached great importance to international geological trends, and tried to introduce important information into China to improve the level of domestic geological work. For example, in order to promote the development of mineral resources in China, he wrote the book Prospecting. 1933 After the first edition was published by the Commercial Press, the book was reprinted many times and widely distributed. The book is comprehensive and concise, and introduces the international advanced experience at that time. This book is also the predecessor of today's geological prospecting and exploration. In the same year, he also published the article Radioactivity and Geothermal Theory. The widespread spread and application of geothermal geology in China should have started in 1970s.

Since 1933, Feng Jinglan has been teaching in the Department of Geology of Tsinghua University. Soon, he is also the head of the Department of Geology, teaching mineral deposits, mineralogy and petrology. During the summer vacation from 1933 to 1937, Feng Jinglan and others investigated geology and minerals in Pingquan, Hebei, Datong, Shanxi, Zhaoyuan, Shandong and Taishan. He is one of the pioneers in geological research of Linglong Gold Mine in Zhaoyuan. The geological research of Linglong Gold Mine has flourished in recent ten years.

1938- 1946 during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Tsinghua University was forced to move south, and The National SouthWest Associated University was established in Kunming and Peking University, and Feng Jinglan was appointed as a professor in The National SouthWest Associated University. During the period of 1943- 1945, he concurrently served as Dean of Engineering College and Director of Mining Department of Yunnan University. During this period, Feng Jinglan mainly studied the copper mines in Sichuan, Xikang (Xikang was established at that time) and Yunnan. 1942, released by Chuankang Copper Mine. The book "briefly analyzes the geographical distribution, metallogenic age, parent rock, surrounding rock, occurrence, structure and mineral composition of copper mines in southwest China, so as to infer their causes, estimate their reserves, study their output, the reasons for the rise and fall of mining industry and the possible ways for their future development." Because the book has both theoretical summary and practical significance. Therefore, it won the academic award of the Ministry of Education at that time. In addition, articles such as Xikang Copper Mine (194 1 year) and Land in Dali County, Yunnan Province (1946) were published. The latter not only discusses geomorphology theory, but also pays attention to practical application, including the development of hydraulic resources and water conservancy. It can be said that during this period, Feng Jinglan not only made contributions to geological education, but also played his own expertise in geological and geomorphological research.

At the end of 1946, The National SouthWest Associated University teachers and students returned to their original schools in Ping Jin. Feng Jinglan still teaches in Tsinghua University. During the period of 1946- 1948, he published papers such as Supergene Enrichment of Copper Mines in Chuankang and Yunnan (in English), Geology and Minerals in Yunnan, Geology and Minerals in Yuxi, Yunnan, and Asymmetric Development of China River System (in English).

1949 People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded, and Feng Jinglan actively participated in the construction of the motherland. He has taught in Tsinghua University and Beijing Institute of Geology and worked hard to cultivate talents. At the same time, he is also engaged in the investigation and research of geology, minerals and water resources. 1949165438+10. At the invitation of the Ministry of Fuel Industry, Feng Jinglan made an investigation in Poyang-Leshan coalfield in Jiangxi. 1March, 950, at the invitation of the Ministry of Water Resources, participated in the geological survey of the Yellow River dam site in western Henan. He pointed out that the Sanmenxia dam site has the best geological conditions. In July of the same year, at the invitation of the Henan Provincial People's Government, Zhang Bosheng and others made an investigation on the geology and mineral resources in western Henan. 195 1 In June, Feng Jinglan was appointed as a member of the steering committee of the geological work plan of China, and participated in the overall planning of the new China geological work. 1954 was hired as the head of the geological group of the Yellow River Planning Commission. 65438+ In February of the same year, Feng Jinglan compiled the geological part of Technical Investigation Report on Comprehensive Utilization Planning of the Yellow River.

1956 participation of Feng Jinglan 12 national scientific development plan. In the same year, he was elected as a national socialist construction activist and attended the national and Beijing advanced workers' congresses.

1957 Feng Jinglan was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences and a first-class professor. According to the needs of the country, Feng Jinglan began to recruit graduate students. He was the tutor of the first batch of graduate students after the founding of the People's Republic of China. He has supervised about 20 graduate students. These people are now professors, researchers and senior engineers.

1956 to 1958, Feng Jinglan participated in the work of the Heilongjiang comprehensive investigation team of Sino-Soviet cooperation, and was in charge of Ren Zhongfang. 1957 went to the Soviet Union to attend the Sino-Soviet conference on comprehensive inspection of Heilongjiang. Experts from the two countries are studying the development planning of the Heilongjiang River Basin. His speech at the meeting was valued by the participants. During the period of 1958, Feng Jinglan published a paper in the journal Quaternary Studies in China, expounding eight signs of neotectonic movement in Heilongjiang river system area.

In 1950s, Feng Jinglan also investigated Tianbaoshan copper-lead mine in Jilin, Jiashan copper mine in Xingcheng County of Liaoning Province and Baiyinchang copper mine in Gansu Province. He analyzed and studied the geological characteristics and genesis of important nonferrous metal deposits in China.

In the early 1960s, Feng Jinglan's academic activities mainly focused on the genetic theory of gold, copper and other metal deposits and the study of regional metallogenic regularity. The gold mines in Pinggu and Miyun in Beijing, Laiyuan and Xinglong in Hebei, Jidong in Zhejiang, western Henan, eastern Hubei, northwestern Jiangxi and Dandong in Liaoning were inspected successively. 1September, 963, Feng Jinglan put forward the concept of "closed mineralization". 1965, Principles of Mineral Deposits edited by Feng Jinglan and Yuan Jianqi was published.

Feng Jinglan and his wife spent the spring of 1969+0 1 to 1972 in the May 7th Cadre School in Xiajiang, Jiangxi. After they returned to Beijing from the ultra-leftwing, Feng Jinglan immediately translated the articles in the newly published Essays on Foreign Magmatic Deposits, and he translated 9 articles in one breath.

1At 8: 00 am on September 29th, 976, Feng Jinglan died of a heart attack.