In the part of development history of motherboard-summary of motherboard development-computer literacy course, we will trace the development history of motherboard from 386, which is actually the development history of motherboard chipset. The focus of traceability is before 2000. As for the chipset of the latest motherboard, we will introduce it in detail in the next section: the control chipset used in the 386/486 microcomputer system and the control chipset used in the early 386 microcomputer are both 82C30 series. The 82C30 chipset adopts six-chip structure and a peripheral control chip to form a complete 386 microcomputer control system. The 82C30 chipset is an early product of C & ampt company because of its low monolithic integration and poor function, but some of its basic functions are still in use today. At present, large-scale integrated chipsets are usually used to integrate the functions of multiple chips into one or two chips and add some new functions. In addition to the 82C30 series, the typical 386 control chipset is OPTI's WB386PC/AT chipset. Compared with 386 control chipset, the function of the control chipset adopted by 486 microcomputer has little change, but the local performance of the control chipset is slightly adjusted because the 486 processor integrates the coprocessor into the CPU (FPU). Common 486 control chipsets such as: FRX46C40 1, FRX46C402; ; HT32 1、HT342M 1489、m 1487； 82C406, 82C496, etc. 486 control chipsets are mostly two-piece structures, namely system controller and data buffer controller. After the 586 era, with the development of control chip technology, the motherboard gradually revealed the embryonic form of our current motherboard. At this time, major chip manufacturers, including Intel and VIA, also began to step onto the historical stage. Let's review all kinds of classic motherboard chipsets before 2000 according to different chipset manufacturers: Intel article: Intel 430FX PCIset 430FX chipset is the third Pentium-based chipset, also known as Triton, introduced by Intel Corporation after 430LX and 430NX chipsets. It has made many improvements in architecture and greatly improved its performance. These new technologies are inherited and developed by its successor chipsets such as 430HX, VX, TX and GX, so 430FX chipset plays an important role in Intel 430 series PCIsets. The 430FX chipset consists of an 82437FX, an 8237 1FB and two 82438FX. As a system controller, 82437 integrates the functions of cache controller, DRAM controller and PCI bridge controller. 82438 is a data buffer controller; 8237 1FB integrates PCI, ISA, IDE acceleration controller and other parts. All 430FX are packaged in PQFP. 430FX can provide PCI data rate higher than 100MB/s, so it supports the optimization of Pentium processors and multimedia applications. Intel 430HX PCIset 430 HX chipset is a Pentium-class motherboard chipset for commercial PC platforms, which is introduced by Intel Corporation after 430FX. Compared with its predecessor product 430FX, it focuses on improving the reliability of the system; And further improve the integration, using two-piece packaging; The performance is also improved. 430HX is suitable for Pentium-class workstations, servers and microcomputers with high reliability requirements. The technical performance of Intel 430VX PCIset 430VX is basically the same as that of 430HX chipset, and the difference between them is mainly in the following aspects: 1, which is specially optimized for multimedia video, so it is more suitable for home users and multimedia applications; 2. After removing some functions that are difficult for ordinary users to realize (such as ECC memory and dual CPU support, etc.). ), which adds support for high-speed synchronous memory SDRAM and supports 168 memory slots and memory bars; 3. The structure of four chips is restored. The 430VX chipset consists of an 82437VX, an 8237 1SB and two 82438vxs, all packaged in PQFP. 4. The maximum manageable memory is 256MB, which is lower than 430HX；; 5. The cost is reduced, and its price is lower than 430HX. Intel 430TX PCIset 430TX is the latest chipset launched by Intel Corporation to cooperate with Pentium MMX CPU, which is specially improved and optimized for MMX technology of Pentium microprocessor to achieve the best multimedia application effect. The 430TX chipset also adopts a series of new technologies, which further improves the performance and intelligence of the PC. On the other hand, 430TX is also suitable for mobile portable computers, which makes up for the shortcomings of portable computers in multimedia technology and enables users of portable computers to enjoy the fun brought by sound, film and television programs and communication like desktops. The 430TX chipset adopts two-chip structure, which consists of 82439TX chip and 8237 1AB chip. Intel 430MX PCIset 430MX is a chipset specially launched by Intel for Pentium-class notebook computers. This is Intel's first complete design as a portable PCIsets solution, and many architectural innovations have been adopted on the basis of 430FX. 430MX can be used in ProShare(TM) fast Ethernet, audio and graphics enhancement applications. With the launch of a new generation of 430TX chipset suitable for both desktop and notebook computers, many applications based on 430MX have been gradually transferred to 430TX chipset. Intel 440FX PCIset 440FX chipset (note: not to be confused with 430FX chipset) is a chipset suitable for Pentium Pro. 440FX is based on parallel PCI architecture, including multi-service timer which can enhance video transmission and improve frame speed, passive release mechanism which can improve MPEG and audio performance, and PCI delay job which can make full use of write buffer to improve enhanced write performance of host-based processing applications, and ensure that CPU-to-ISA write control is compatible with PCI2. 1 technical specification. 440FX chipset has the advantages of enhanced 32-bit performance and USB peripheral connection, including pipeline from CPU to DRAM, simultaneous reading and writing, dynamic delay, write burst combination and I/O queue. Other functions, such as bus master IDE (BM-IDE) for fast drive access, integrated ECC support and dual CPU support, greatly improve the overall performance and reliability of 440FX. The maximum memory capacity that 440FX can manage is 1GB. 440FX has good compatibility with I/O subsystems designed by Intel 430HX, 430VX and other chipsets, which enables 440FX to make full use of existing resources and gain a firm foothold in the market. Structurally, 440FX consists of three chips, one is 8244 1FX, the other is 82442FX and the other is 8237 1SB. In the design of dual CPU, another independent component, 82093AA, is used. Intel 450GX/KX PCIset 450 GX/KX is the first chipset solution for Pentium Pro CPU introduced by Itel in 1995. Among them, 450GX is suitable for servers, and 450KX is suitable for workstations and high-performance desktops. Intel 440LX AGPset Following Intel 430 PCI chipset, Intel Corporation introduced Intel 440LX AGP chipset. The bandwidth of AGP graphics and images is three times higher than that of PCI interface, which can bring high-performance graphics functions to mainstream commercial PCs and home PCs. The 440LX AGP chipset is the first member of the 440 AGP chipset family. It is based on the characteristics of a 440FX PCI chipset and consists of three chips, but the three chips are compressed into two chips (82443LA and 8237 1AB). 440LX AGP has four main features: it introduces a new set of features, called QPA(quadraport Acceleration), which is an arbitration mechanism for four ports, including direct AGP, dynamic distributed arbitration and multi-pipeline (from CPU, PCI and graphics to SDRAM). Together, these features can make each device in the PC get the maximum available bandwidth; 440LX AGP supports SDRAM, which can read and write memory faster, and realize faster pipeline transmission among Pentium II processors, graphics accelerators and PCI devices. Through ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) function, it can achieve stronger power management, including remote wake-up and quick recovery from power failure. The Ultra DMA function improves access to IDE devices. At present, the most popular chipset of Intel 440BX AGPset is Intel 440BX AGP chipset of Intel Corporation. To some extent, the BX chipset is an epoch-making symbol, and it is the first chipset that really supports the main frequency of 100MHz. The 440BX AGP chipset inherits many advantages of the 440LX AGP chipset family. AGP, QPA and SDRAM, ACPI and super DMA are as described above. 440BX officially supports 100MHz external frequency, which solves the speed bottleneck caused by low external frequency (66MHz) and no longer supports EDO memory or even SDRAM.