Location: Qixinggang Tongyuanmen is the only land gate in Chongqing, and it is also the best preserved gate today. The city gate is built on the top of the mountain, which is the highest place in the city. In 2005, the Chongqing municipal government spent more than 80 million yuan to build Tongyuanmen and a section of the remaining city wall into a city wall park for citizens to play. Reproduce Zhang's attack on Chongqing and take a bus to Qixinggang. You can see the location of Tongyuanmen City Wall Park when you get off the bus. On the city wall, a group of magnificent bronze sculptures reappeared the scene of Zhang attacking Chongqing. According to historical records, in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Zhang led an insurgent army to attack Chongqing, which was guarded by the Ming army. Zhang led an army of 600,000, which was 10 times that of the defenders, but he was still unable to storm head-on, so he had to detour Jiangjin to land from Caiyuanba and seize the Buddhist Pass, thus blocking the only retreat of the Ming army. At that time, this section to Tongyuanmen was a coffin mountain, and there was no big slope and ditch, which was suitable for infantry fighting. Chongqing is surrounded by land and water, and the last main battlefield is Tongyuanmen. After six days of fierce fighting, Zhang sent someone to dig a grave outside the city, took a coffin board to let the soldiers stand upside down to block the arrow stone, dug a tunnel under the city to bury gunpowder, and blew down the wall at the corner of the far gate before breaking into Chongqing. Where is Tongyuan Gate? Nowadays, there are countless pedestrians from Qixinggang to Jiaochangkou via Heping Tunnel every day, but few people know that these two tunnels are actually not Tongyuanmen. The small door standing on a long series of stone steps next to the tunnel is the real entrance. These two tunnels were dug by Pan Wenhua 1929, and the Tongyuanmen City Wall, which has not been broken for 600 years, was opened. The location of Dongshuimen crossing Jiangyuan and Yungui: Chaotianmen goes all the way along Datong Street, passes through a long series of old and dim stone steps, comes to the viaduct connecting Chaotianmen Tunnel and Changbin Road, passes through the pedestrian passage under the viaduct, and then comes to the wall pile on Dongshuimen. Walking down the stone steps and turning a corner, Dongshuimen suddenly appeared in front of you. Dongshuimen is located in the eastern part of Yuzhong Peninsula. The gate faces north instead of the river. The newly-built "wind gallery" next to the city gate leads directly to Huguang Hall. In the past, Dongshuimen was the main port for the people of this city to cross the river by boat to the south bank to buy an outing and to Yunnan-Guizhou, and it was one of the busiest commercial districts in Chongqing in the old days. Most foreign businessmen in Qing Dynasty arrived in Chongqing from Dongshuimen by waterway. Walking on the flagstone road in Dongshuimen Street, when I think back to that year, I immediately see a lively scene: businessmen in robes, officials sitting on sliding poles, and Lifu who bunted, with horns and shouts of buying and selling coming and going. The three halls are concentrated in Dongshuimen area, which is also the main hall concentration area. At that time, there were eight halls in Chongqing, and three halls were concentrated here, namely Jiangnan Hall, Huguang Hall and Guangdong Hall. After years of changes, the other two guilds have disappeared. From 1998, Chongqing organized forces to carry out in-depth research and planning, maintenance and renovation, which was completed in September 2005. Today, the Huguang Guildhall complex and Dongshuimen form a historic site worth visiting. Narrator: Peng Deying (80-year-old Chongqing native) Every morning, Peng Deying goes to Tongyuanmen City Wall Park, climbs the city wall and overlooks the scenery inside and outside the city gate. Nowadays, the chaotic tomb outside the city gate (Qixinggang) has already become a bustling business district and a busy traffic artery. Tongyuanmen has two scenic spots inside and outside the city. "The first time I went to Tongyuan, I was 6 years old. When my mother was in poor health, she was sent to a temple near Fotuguan to recuperate. Under the leadership of my eldest brother, I went out of the city from Tongyuanmen for the first time to visit my mother. " Peng Deying's thoughts drifted back to that year with memories. At that time, there were two heavy wooden doors on the gate hole leading to Yuanmen. Inside the wooden door, it is a bustling city. On the edge of the city wall, the location of today's Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital is the Wang Zhao Temple, where incense is flourishing. Outside the city, it is a contiguous low-rise residence. "At that time, the roads in the city were as flat as they are now, connected by sidewalks. Out of the door, the road is very narrow and there are deep drains on both sides. " Peng Deying said. Professor Zheng Jingdong from the School of Literature and Journalism of Chongqing Technology and Business University said that Tongyuanmen is the only way to leave Chongqing by land. From Qixinggang outside Tongyuanmen via Pipa Mountain to Lianglukou, where it divides into two roads. One passes through Jialing River in Shangqing Temple in northern Sichuan, and the other passes through Fotuguan in Daping and Geleshan in western Sichuan. There are people passing under the Dongshuimen Bridge and the Liushui Bridge. Another thing that Peng Deying remembers vividly is Dongshuimen, which is "flowing water on the bridge, pedestrians under the bridge". "Out of the gate, is a long list of stairs, here is a temple. Further on is the river ferry. Just out of the city gate, there is a bridge. Everyone who goes out of the city walks under the bridge, and water drops on the bridge. " The old man Peng Deying can't remember the specific scene of that year. History of the city gate Dai Dingming, the commander of Chongqing, built seventeen city gates. Chongqing has a long history. According to research, since the construction of Hongya Gate in Song Dynasty, all previous dynasties have built city walls and gates according to the needs of military and traffic at that time, but they are not "systematic" and "standardized". Dai Ding, the governor of Chongqing during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, was the "great hero" of Chongqing's gate. During the period of guarding Chongqing, Dai Ding strengthened and repaired the city walls and gates built by predecessors on a large scale, and built important gates such as Linjiang Gate, thus completing the "serialization" construction of Chongqing gates. According to the stone inscription "Dongshuimen and Ancient City Wall" on the wall of Dongshuimen, the stone city built by Dai Ding is "ten feet high, seven feet in 2660, surrounded by the river, with 17 doors open and eight closed, symbolizing nine palaces and eight gossip". Why build seventeen doors, why open nine doors and close eight doors? It turns out that when Dai Ding built the city gate, he hired a master of geomantic omen to survey the geomantic omen, and determined the orientation of the city gate according to the five elements of "gold, wood, water, fire and earth", and determined the number of the city gate according to the image of "Nine Palace Eight Diagrams" to show the meaning of "golden city soup land". According to the ancient city of Chongqing, when Dai Ding opened the city, he "consciously arranged nine openings and eight closures" and "was determined by the image of nine palaces and eight gossip, which coincided with nine palaces and eight gossip". Professor Zheng Jingdong from the School of Literature and Journalism of Chongqing Technology and Business University said, "There are many diaojiao buildings in old Chongqing, which are densely arranged on the mountainside, and it is easy to catch fire. Fire fighting has always been a major event in Chongqing. The eight closed doors are far away from the river, and the smaller "drought" doors are built to cope with the fire. The nine gates by the river correspond to' water'. The sluice gate is open and the dry sluice gate is closed, which means using water to put out the fire, showing the good wishes of the people of Chongqing at that time. " City gate nursery rhymes seventeen city gates are nine open and eight closed. Now most old Chongqing people will hum a children's song called Chongqing Song, which clearly records the names and characteristics of these seventeen gates in Chongqing. Chaotianmen Grand Wharf, the Cuiwei Gate for welcoming guests is covered with colored satin, the front door of Wucai (Guan) Company is covered with steamed buns, the Hongya Gate is covered with wide sails like snow, the dung wharf for killing chickens and worshipping gods (Guan) Linjiangmen, the fertile land is covered with Ben (Guan) Tai 'an Gate, and the door for storing grain and benefiting the people (Guan) rings far away, watching the dead buried (Guan). Flowing into (opening) Phoenix Gate, Sichuan Road turns, flocks of cattle and sheep (closing) Chuqimen medicinal materials to help cure all diseases (opening) The golden gate is opposite, the town government (opening) the old drum tower of Taiping Gate, the time is accurate (opening), people and the door cannon sound, and the main manager makes the patrol (closing) the distant gate to compare with the dam, and dances the knife to make a stick (closing) the Fuxing Gate to go fast. The opening and closing sung in the nursery rhyme of yue longmen the Carp represents the famous "nine-opening and eight-closing" of Chongqing city gate, that is, nine doors are open for people to enter and exit normally, and eight doors are just like doors, but they are closed for people to pass.