Caligula was seriously ill in 37 years 10. Soon after his recovery, he broke with his elders and carried out a series of perverse policies and cruel rule. Caligula's closest sister Drusilla died of illness, which greatly changed his temperament.
The rulers of ancient Rome were regarded as gods after their death, but caligula ordered the gods shipped from Greece to be removed from their heads and replaced with caligula's own head, and asked people to pay tribute to his own god when passing by; Caligula pretended to be a god and told everyone that he was often invited by God to live in heaven.
Caligula ordered the poisoning of Beckham Leo and forced his father-in-law West Lanners to commit suicide. He often takes a fancy to a senator's wife or mistress at parties, so he takes her back to his home and abandons her. He also executed Macro, who helped him ascend to the throne, and exiled his sister Agrippina Jr.
He often humiliated, tortured or killed members of the Senate in a cruel way, depriving many of Rome's noblest families of ancient aristocratic symbols. He often publicly insults all members of the Senate. He produced a copy of the previously destroyed informers and accused them of all shameful betrayals in the past.
On a whim, he suddenly had the idea of conquering the Germans. So he immediately assembled legions and auxiliary legions all over the country, collected taxes from all over the province, and raised all kinds of munitions on an unprecedented scale. Except for a king in the south of Britain who surrendered to him, he gave up the idea of marching before the real war.
He also recalled the mutiny of the German Legion at the beginning of Berlio's accession to the throne. At that time, the army had attacked his father and his young self, so he wanted to retaliate against the legion by adopting the cruel tactics of "eleven strokes and one kill". Later, when the soldiers learned that they wanted to resist, caligula gave up, but this undoubtedly made caligula lose the support of the army.
Later, he boasted about his achievements and returned to Rome with a "small victory".
Caligula's extravagant measures exhausted the 2.7 billion national treasury of Cestius collected by TiBeriau in one year. So caligula came up with various ways to collect money. He abolished the law that Roman citizenship could be passed on to future generations, restricting the people in this province, and the released slaves could only give citizenship to the "second generation" to increase the number of taxpayers.
He asked the people to list the emperor as one of the legatees in their will, otherwise the will would be invalid. He also acquiesced in various false accusations and confiscated the defendant's property by court decision.
Caligula auctioned the furnishings in the palaces of Augustus and Tiberius, and sent the captain of the bodyguard to collect taxes on all commodity transactions, even porters and prostitutes (retroactively). After these measures were announced, caligula lost the hearts and minds of ordinary people.
2. Nero, full name Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus (65438+65438 February +68, May-June 9, 37).
Nero's mother Agrippina has a strong desire for power. Nero became an adult and became dissatisfied with his mother's politics. At seneca's suggestion, Nero, as emperor, prevented his mother from entering the meeting when he met Armenian envoys.
Agrippina reacted violently to this and threatened Nero by helping his soon-to-be-grown brother Brittanicus. In 55, Brittanicus died of poisoning after eating, and later generations speculated that Nero had poisoned him.
Later, Nero accused pallas of participating in a conspiracy to exile pallas; Pallas is Agrippina's close friend in North Korea, which shows that Nero is against his mother. After Bruce retired, Nero promoted Tigrinus as the leader of his new Guards. 1959, Nero suddenly showed his kindness to his mother and invited her to spend a holiday at Boya Villa on Campania Beach.
Nero specially ordered a gorgeous boat to pick up Agrippina, but the hull disintegrated during the voyage, and Nero tried to create an unexpected illusion to drown Agrippina. But agrippina was good at swimming and was rescued by a passing fishing boat.
Agrippina sent her slaves to report her peace to Nero. When Nero learned of this, he accused the slave of being ordered by his mother to assassinate the emperor, so he sent troops to another museum in Agrippina to kill her. At this point, Nero completely consolidated his imperial power.
In 62, Bruce died. 1965, seneca was implicated in a suicide plot by cutting blood vessels.
Nero's internal affairs measures are basically inclined to the people. He invented a method to deal with forged wills, limiting the upper limit of defense remuneration in litigation cases, in order to prevent powerful people from unfairly exploiting civilians through law.
He reduced the tax rates of many indirect taxes and made public the government's tax records to prevent official corruption and fraud. Nero depressed food prices and restricted poor Roman citizens from getting enough food and clothes.
After Nero monopolized the power, his reverence for the elders and nobles gradually faded. He began to like to accept people's flattery and crack down on political forces opposed to him. The most famous is 1965' s "conspiracy criticism", in which a group of politicians and factions attempted to overthrow Nero's rule. But they plan to leak it in advance. Nero expanded the scope of attack, purged dissidents, and made the Roman upper class feel the emperor's rule at any time.
The Roman fire of' 64
The fire in Rome took place on July 17, AD 64, but the real cause of the fire has always been an eternal historical mystery. But most people think that this is an arson case, and Emperor Nero became the biggest suspect because of atrocities.
According to the investigation at that time, the arsonist should have come from Emperor Nero. The reason is that Emperor Nero wanted to expand the palace. But the capital palace is surrounded by Roman civilians and it is almost difficult to start construction. So he took advantage of the dead of night to instigate people to set fire to achieve his wish.
3. Commodus, this man is a tyrant in the movie Gladiator. The full name is Lucius Aurelius Commodus Antoninus (161August 3 1-1February 92 31), which is also translated as Komodo, Komodo and Komodo.
182, Commodus was almost assassinated by an assassin in the theater. After Commodus arrested the assassin and tortured him, he found that the mastermind behind the covert operation was actually his compatriot and sister Ruchira.
Lucilla Commodus is about ten years old. She used to have the title of "Augusta (Queen)" when her father was alive, but at this time, Chris Pi Na, Commodus' wife, was rumored to be pregnant. Ruchira was jealous and planned to assassinate her brother. After the defeat, several members of the Senate were executed, while Ruchira himself was exiled to Capri, and was executed by Commodus a few years later.
From then on, Commodus was tired of the emperor's rule, and he always suspected that the upper echelons of the empire were plotting to assassinate him. He asked the leader of the Guards to help him with his government affairs, while he was addicted to hunting and entertainment, and was keen on gladiatorial activities.
Because Commodus lacked political affairs and didn't know much about imperial politics, he was manipulated by attendants in his bedroom. In the first five years of his rule, the leader of the praetorian guard, Pei Lannis, was still able to maintain the peace of the empire. In A.D. 184, the British army mutinied because of suppressing the local uprising, and the army made Prisk Kush their new emperor.
The Peronists ruled out the idea of recruiting troops to cross the sea and succeeded in quelling the commotion. Cleander, the chamberlain's chamberlain, was greedy for power, which made Commodus doubt Peronis's loyalty and ordered him to kill him.
Carey Ender finally took over as captain of the guards after Lonnie's death. After he took office, he monopolized the central power, sold officials and titles, and pocketed his own money. There is even a strange phenomenon of 25 consuls a year.
1in June, 1990, people took to the streets to protest because Creande used wheat distributed to the public for free to sell in the market. Seeing that the situation was difficult to calm down, Commodus handed Clint over to the angry crowd and ordered the execution of Clint.
After Cleander's death, Commodus still did not change his policy of governing the country and employing people, and was hostile to the Senate. He often conspired to arrest senior imperial officials and execute them without trial. He also claimed to be the son of Hercules, and often went down to the arena in person to fight gladiators or wild animals. On the other hand, the leaders of the Senate and the praetorian guard are constantly planning murders, and the relationship between them is incompatible.
The last day of 192 was planned by Mathea, the mistress of Commodus, and Leites, the leader of the Guards. When Commodus returned to the palace for a bath from the arena, wrestler Narcissus strangled him in the bath. The next day (093 193 65438+1 October1), Letus elected Publius Helvius Pertinax as the new emperor, and the Senate passed a resolution to recognize Publius Helvius Pertinax's status and at the same time passed a curse on Commodus.
Extended data
In Philo's book Legatio ad Gaium, it is mentioned that caligula was seriously ill in 37 years 10. Soon after his recovery, he broke away from the Senate class and pursued a series of irrational policies and cruel rule. In 38 years, caligula's closest sister, Julia Drusilla, died of illness, which greatly changed his temperament.
The rulers of ancient Rome were regarded as gods only after their death, but caligula ordered that the heads of the gods shipped from Greece be removed and replaced with their own heads, and asked people to pay tribute to their gods when passing by; Caligula pretended to be a god and told everyone that he was often invited by God to live in heaven.
Caligula's grandmother George W. antonia once discouraged him from many evil deeds, but caligula replied, "I can treat anyone in the way I want!" " . In order to secure his throne, caligula ordered to poison Tiberius Jr. to eliminate the threat, which completely angered their grandmother antonia Jr., and antonia Jr. committed suicide in grief, while Suvitonius claimed that antonia Jr. was poisoned by caligula.
Caligula forced his father-in-law, Marcus junius Silanus, to commit suicide, and killed his brother-in-law, Marcus Lepidos (your husband, Leah Drusula). He often takes a fancy to a congressman's wife or mistress at parties, so he takes her back to his home and abandons the other party.
He also executed Nevis Sotorius Macro, the chief bodyguard who helped him ascend to the throne, and exiled his sister Agrippina Jr.
He often humiliated or tortured or killed members of the Senate in a cruel way, depriving Rome of many ancient symbols of the noblest family. He often publicly denounced all members of the Senate, produced copies of informers destroyed before, accused them of all shameful acts in the past, and repeatedly threatened to execute them for treason.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-caligula
Baidu encyclopedia-Nero
Baidu encyclopedia-kangmaode