Northern Song Dynasty (960~ 1 127) and Southern Song Dynasty (1 127~ 1279), totaling 3 19. Song Dynasty (960- 1279) was a dynasty in China's history that inherited five dynasties and ten countries and initiated the Yuan Dynasty. It is divided into two stages: Northern Song Dynasty and Southern Song Dynasty. It lasted eighteen emperors and enjoyed the country for 319 years. The Song Dynasty was an era of high prosperity in commodity economy, culture, education and scientific innovation in the history of China. In the third year of Xianping (1000), China's total GDP was $26.55 billion, accounting for 22.7% of the world economy, and its per capita GDP was $450, exceeding that of Western Europe at that time. Although later generations thought that the Song Dynasty was "poor and weak", the people's wealth and social and economic prosperity in the Song Dynasty far exceeded that in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Neo-Confucianism rose in Song Dynasty, Confucianism revived, science and technology developed rapidly, politics was enlightened, there was no serious eunuch dictatorship and warlord regime, and the number and scale of mutiny and civil strife were relatively small in China history. The rice-growing population in Zhancheng increased rapidly in the Northern Song Dynasty, from 3,765,438+million in the fifth year of Taiping and Xingguo (980) to1260,000 in the sixth year of Xuanhe (124).
Chen Yinque said: "The culture of the Chinese nation has developed for thousands of years, which is the peak of the Zhao and Song Dynasties." Many western and Japanese historians believe that the Song Dynasty was a renaissance and economic revolution in China's history. The Song Dynasty was founded more than 300 years ago and was overthrown twice, both because of foreign invasion. This is the only dynasty that did not die of civil strife.
Northern Song Dynasty
During the Northern Song Dynasty (960- 1 127), it was introduced to the Nine Emperors and enjoyed the country 167. Together with the Southern Song Dynasty, it is also called Song. Because the royal family is surnamed Zhao, it is also called Zhao. In the seventh year of Xiande (960), the generals of the later Zhou Dynasty launched a mutiny in Chen Qiao, made Zhao Kuangyin emperor, established the Song Dynasty, made Kaifeng Prefecture in Tokyo its capital, and changed it to Stegosaurus. Later, the military power was released through a glass of wine, and the general power and financial power were concentrated in the central government, avoiding the chaotic situation of the separatist regime in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. But it also led to the defeat of the Song Dynasty in the war with Liao, Xixia and Jin. In the first year of Jingkang (1 126), the disaster of Jingkang occurred, and the following year was destroyed by the state of Jin.
The Northern Song Dynasty experienced 167 years, and there were nine emperors: Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin; Zhao Kuangyi, Song Taizong; Zhao Heng, Song Zhenzong; Song Renzong Zhao Zhen; Song Yingzong Zhao Shu; Song Shenzong Zhao Yong; Song Zhezong Zhao Xu; Evonne, Song Huizong; Zhao Huan, Song Qinzong.
Southern Song Dynasty
After the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279) and the Northern Song Dynasty perished, Zhao Gou proclaimed Yingtianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) as the capital, which was called the Song Dynasty together with the Northern Song Dynasty. * * * spread to the five emperors and enjoyed the country for 152 years. The Southern Song Dynasty followed the Northern Song Dynasty in many fields, such as politics and military affairs. A series of measures have been taken to strengthen the centralization of central and local power, bureaucracy, justice and military power. On the basis of recruiting defeated soldiers and loyal soldiers, we started the road of army reconstruction, and finally formed several powerful military forces, so Yue Jiajun (Yue Fei's army) and Han Jiajun (Han Shizhong's army) appeared.
Although the Southern Song Dynasty was located in the south of the Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains, it was a dynasty with prosperous economy and culture and a high degree of opening to the outside world in the history of China. The direct cause of the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty was the devastating blow of the nomadic people in Mobei to the agricultural production relations in the Song Dynasty.
The Southern Song Dynasty experienced 152 years, and there were nine emperors: Song Gaozong Zhao Gou; Zhao _; Song Guangzong Zhao Dun; Zhao Kuo, Song Ningzong; Song Lizong Zhao Yun; Zhao _; Song Gongdi Evonne; Song Duanzong Zhao is; Song Zhao _.