1, overview
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) is a loose, self-disciplined and voluntary non-governmental academic organization, which was established at the end of 1985. Its main task is to be responsible for the development and formulation of Internet-related technical specifications.
IETF is an international non-governmental organization which is spontaneously participated and managed by experts who have contributed to the engineering and development of Internet technology. It brings together network designers, operators and researchers related to the evolution of Internet architecture and the stable operation of the Internet, and is open to all those interested in the industry. Anyone can register for the IETF meeting. The IETF conference is held three times a year, with a scale of over 1000 people.
Many technical work of IETF is completed by various working groups within IETF. These working groups are organized according to different categories, such as routing, transmission, security and other topics. The communication work of IETF is mainly carried out in the mail groups set up by various working groups, which is also the main working mode of IETF.
At present, IETF has become the most authoritative large-scale technical research organization in the global Internet industry. However, it is different from traditional standard-setting organizations such as ITU- ITU. Participants in IETF are volunteers, and most of them accomplish the following missions of the organization through three meetings held by IETF every year:
1. Identify the operation and technical problems of the Internet and propose solutions;
2. Explain the development or use of Internet protocols in detail and solve corresponding problems;
3. Make suggestions to IESG on Internet protocol standards and usage;
4. Promote the technical research results of the Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) to the Internet community;
Provide a forum for information exchange, including Internet users, researchers, marketers, manufacturers and managers.
2.IETF related organizations
(1) ISCO Internet Association
ISCO is a non-profit international member organization whose mission is to promote the global application of the Internet. One way to achieve this goal is to provide financial and legal support to various internet organizations, especially IETF under the management of IAB.
(2)IAB- internet architecture board.
IAB is the technical advisory group of ISOC and assumes the role of ISOC technical advisory group; IAB is responsible for defining the architecture and long-term development planning of the whole Internet, providing guidance to IETF through IESG and coordinating the activities of various working groups of IETF. Before the establishment of the new IETF working group, IAB is responsible for reviewing the articles of association of this working group to ensure the rationality of its setting. Therefore, IAB can be regarded as the highest technical decision-making body of IETF.
In addition, IAB is the organization and manager of IRTF, and is responsible for convening a special working group to discuss the Internet architecture in depth.
(3)IESG- Internet Engineering Steering Group.
The working group of IETF is divided into eight important research fields, and each research field has 1-3 regional directors (Ads—Area Directors), all of whom are members of IESG.
IESG is responsible for the technical management of IETF activities and standard-setting procedures, approving or amending the research results of IETF working groups, and has the right to terminate the establishment of working groups when non-working group drafts become RFC documents to ensure their accuracy.
As a part of ISOC (Internet Society), it is managed according to the rules and regulations approved by the ISOC Council. It can be considered that IESG is the implementation decision-making body of IETF.
IESG members are also elected by the Nomination Committee for a term of two years.
(4)iana- Internet Assigned Numbers Agency.
Under the management of ICANN, IANA is responsible for allocating parameters related to Internet protocols (IP address, port number, domain name and other protocol parameters, etc.). ). IAB specifies IANA to explain the allocation and use of protocol parameters after the release of Internet protocol.
IANA's activities are funded by ICANN. IANA and IAB have a cooperative relationship.
(5)RFC editing.
The main responsibility is to edit, typeset and publish RFC with IESG. Once published, RFC cannot be changed. If the description of the standard changes, a new RFC must be reissued and the original version replaced. The composition of this institution and the policies it implements are controlled by IAB.
(6)IETF Secretariat (RFC Secretariat)
There are few paid staff in IETF. The secretariat of IETF is responsible for maintaining meetings and some special mail groups, updating and standardizing the official Internet draft catalogue, maintaining the IETF website and assisting the daily work of IESG.
(7) IRTF-Internet Research Task Force.
IRTF is composed of many professional research groups, who study Internet protocols, applications, architectures and technologies. Most of them are long-term operation groups, and there are also a few temporary short-term research groups. All members are personal representatives and do not represent the interests of any organization.
3. Types of 3.IETF standards
IETF has produced two kinds of documents, one is called Internet Draft, that is, "Internet Draft", and the other is called RFC. Its name comes from historical reasons. Originally called soliciting opinions or soliciting opinions, now the name is actually different from the content. The internet draft can be submitted by anyone without any special restrictions, and other members can take an indifferent attitude towards it. Many important documents of IETF started from this internet draft.
RFC is relatively formal and has been archived in history. Generally speaking, its content will not change after it is approved for publication. There are many kinds of RFC: the first is that it is a standard; The second one is experimental. RFC is nothing more than saying that we should do such a thing together, give it a try. Another is that the literature is historical, recording what we did wrong or didn't work; The other is called introductory information, which actually contains everything.
As a standard, RFC can be divided into several types:
The first one was put forward, which means that the proposal is based on this plan.
There is also a completely recognized standard that everyone is using and should not be changed.
There is also the current best practice method, which is equivalent to an introduction.
The process of producing these documents is a bottom-up process, not a top-down process, that is to say, instead of the chairman or the person in charge of the working group giving an instruction on what to do, they are spontaneously put forward at the bottom, then discussed in the working group and submitted to the engineering steering Committee just mentioned for review. However, the Engineering Steering Committee only reviews and does not make changes, and the changes must be fed back to the working group. The generation of IETF working group documents is that anyone can come to the meeting, anyone can bring it up, and then he will discuss it with others, and everyone will form a * * * knowledge to generate such documents.
4. Research fields of 4.IETF.
Most of the actual work of IETF is done in its working group. These working groups are divided into several areas according to different topics, such as routing, transmission and network security. Each field is managed by one or two regional directors, and all regional directors form the IESG Internet Engineering Steering Group. Much of the work of the IETF working group is done through mailing lists. IETF meets three times a year.
At present, IETF*** includes eight research fields and 132 active working groups.
(1) app—lied research area (app-application area), including 20 working groups.
(2) General research field, including 5 working groups.
(3) Internet area (int—Internet Area), including 2 1 working group.
(4) ops (operation and management field), including 24 working groups.
(5) Routing research area (RTG—-routing area), including 14 working group.
(6) Security Research Area (sec—-security area), including 2 1 working group.
(7) Transmission research area (tsv—-transmission area), including 1 working group.
(8) Temporary research area (sub-sub-IP area), including 27 working groups.
5. 1) app—lication research area (app-application area)
Although the research scope of IETF is defined as "above the wire and below the application", that is, IETF does not pay attention to the research in the application field, but pays attention to the applications closely related to the operation of the Internet and has set up a special working group.
At present, the applied research field * * * includes 20 active working groups. With the development of Internet, the number of working groups in this research field will increase.
Calendars and Schedules (CALSCH)- Calendar and Time Planning Working Group
Cross Registration Information Service Protocol (crisp)- Cross Registration Information Service Protocol Working Group
Electronic Data Interchange-Internet Integration (ediint)-Working Group on Electronic Data Interchange and Internet Integration
Internet Fax-Internet Fax Working Group
Geographic location/privacy (geo priv)- geographic location working group
Internet Message Access Protocol Extensions (IMAP ext)- Internet Message Access Extensions Working Group
Instant Messaging and Presence Protocol (IMPP)- Instant Messaging Protocol Working Group
Internet Printing Protocol (IPP)- Internet Printing Protocol Working Group
Ldap (v3) revision (ldapbis)-LDAP revision working group
Enhance Internet e-mail to support diversified services.
Environment (lemonade)-Enhance Internet e-mail in different service environments.
MTA authorization record (marid)-DNS DNS-MTA authentication record working group in DNS
Message Tracking Protocol (msg trk)- Message Tracking Protocol Working Group
NNTP Extension (NNTP Extension) -NNTP Extension Working Group
Open pluggable edge services (opes)- Open pluggable services working group
SIP is used for instant messaging and taking advantage of extended presence.
(Simple) Extension of SIP in Instant Messaging Application
Internet Open Trade Agreement (Trade)- Internet Development Trade Agreement Working Group
Newsgroup commodity standard update (use)
Internet Mail Voice Mode (VPIM)- Internet Mail Voice Attachment Working Group
WWW distributed authoring and version control (webdav)
Extensible Message and Presence Protocol (xmpp)- Message Extensions Protocol Working Group
5.2) General research field (general field)
In IETF, the research content that cannot be placed in other research fields is placed in the general research field, so the internal connection of the research content in this field is not strong. At present, there are five active working groups in this research field.
Improved Interdisciplinary Review (icar)- Strengthening Interdisciplinary Working Groups
Intellectual property-intellectual property working group
New IETF standard follow-up discussion (newtrk)
Operation of iesg/IAB Nomination and Recall Committee (nomcom)-Operating procedures of IESG/IAB Election Committee.
Problem Statement (Problem)-Problem Statement Working Group
5.3) Internet research field (int—-Internet field)
The research field of Internet mainly studies how IP packets are transmitted in different network environments, and also involves the research of DNS information transmission mode.
This research field occupies an important position in IETF, and the core protocols of TCP/IP protocol family and IPv6 protocol family are researched and formulated by this field.
Dynamic Host Configuration (DHC)- Dynamic Host Configuration Working Group
Working Group on Detecting Network Connections (DNA)- Monitoring Network Ancillary Facilities
Dnsext-DNS extension working group
Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)- Extensible Authentication Protocol Working Group
Host Identity Protocol (HIP)- Host Identity Protocol Working Group
Ip over digital TV (IP dvb)
Unlimited bandwidth IP(ipoib)
IP over resilient packet ring-IP workgroup over resilient packet ring
IP Version 6 Working Group (IPv6)-IPv6 Working Group
Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol Extension (L2TP Extension)-Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol Extension Working Group
Layer 2 Virtual Private Network (L2VPN)- Layer 2 Virtual Private Network Working Group
Layer 3 Virtual Private Network (L3VPN)- Layer 3 Virtual Private Network Working Group
Multicast & Anycast Group Member (MAGMA)- Multicast and Anycast Working Group
IPv4 mobility (MIP 4)- Mobile IPv4 Working Group
IPv6 Mobility (MIP 6)- Mobile IPv6 Working Group
Mobile ipv6 Signaling and Handover Optimization (MIP Store)-Mobile IPv6 Signaling and Roaming Optimization Working Group
Network Mobility (NEMO)- Network Mobility Working Group
Network Access Authentication Bearer Protocol (PANA)- Access Network Authentication Information Bearer Protocol Working Group
Point-to-Point Protocol Extension (PPP ext)-PPP Protocol Extension Working Group
Secure Neighborhood Discovery (send)- Secure Neighborhood Discovery Protocol Working Group
Zeroconf)- Zero Configuration Network Working Group
5.4) ops (Operation and Management)
This research field mainly involves the operation and management of the Internet. At present, * * * contains 24 active working groups, and the number of working groups ranks second in all research fields of IETF.
With the rapid development and popularization of the Internet, higher requirements have been put forward for the operation and management of the network, and this research field has been paid more and more attention. The number of working groups in this field may also increase.
Important research contents in this research field include AAA (authorization, authentication and audit), v6ops(IPv6 operation and maintenance), rap (resource reservation), dnsop(DNS operation and maintenance) and various MIBs.
Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA)-AAA Working Group
ADSL MIB (adslmib) ――ADSL MIB Library Working Group
AToM MIB (atommib) ――ATOM MIB Library Working Group
Benchmark Method (BMWG)- Working Group on Measurement Methods
Bridge MIB (Bridge)-Bridge MIB Library Working Group
Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points (CAPWAP)- Wireless Access Point Control and Configuration Protocol Working Group
Distributed Management (DISMAN)- Distributed Management Working Group
Domain Name System Operation (DNS OP)- Domain Name Operation Working Group
Entity MIB(ent MIB)- entity MIB working group
Global Routing Operations (grow)- Global Routing Operations Working Group
Ethernet interface and hub MIB- working group on MIB library of Ethernet interface and hub
Internet and Storage Management Support (imss)
Wired data network IP(ipcdn)
IP stream information export (ipfix)
MBONE deployment-mbone deployment working group
Multi6)-IPv6 in IPv6-IPv6 Multi-homed Host Working Group
Network Configuration (netconf)- Network Configuration Working Group
Policy Framework (Policy)-Policy Framework Working Group
Packet sampling (psamp)- packet sampling working group
Prefix categorizes ongoing measurements and. Network experiment (ptomaine)
Resource Allocation Protocol (rap)- Resource Allocation Protocol Working Group
Remote Network Monitoring (RMON MIB)- Network Remote Monitoring Working Group
SNMP Configuration Management (SNMP conf)- SNMP-based Configuration Management Working Group
IPv6 operation (v6ops) ――IPv6 operation and maintenance working group
5.5) Routing Research Area (RTG—-Routing Area)
This research field is mainly responsible for formulating relevant standards on how to determine the transmission path in the network to transmit IP packets to the destination. Because of the important position of routing protocol in the network, this research field has also become an important field of IETF. BGP, Islamic State, OSPF, MPLS and other important routing protocols all belong to the research scope of this research field.
At present, there are 14 active working groups in routing research field.
Border Gateway Multicast Protocol (BGMP)- Border Gateway Multicast Protocol Working Group
Common Control and Measurement Plane (ccamp)- Common Control and Measurement Plane Working Group
Forces)- Working Group on Separation of Control Layer and Network Layer
Inter-domain Multicast Routing (IDMR)- Intra-domain Multicast Routing Working Group
Inter-domain Routing (IDR)- Intra-domain Routing Working Group
IP Internet ("Islamic State")-"Islamic State" Routing Protocol Working Group
Mobile ad hoc network
Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS)-MPLS Working Group
Open shortest path first IGP (OSPF)-OSPF working group
Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM)-PIM Working Group
Routing Protocol Security Requirements (rpsec)- Routing Protocol Security Requirements Working Group
Routing Area Working Group (RTG Working Group)-Routing Domain Working Group
Source-specific multicast (SSM)- Specifies the multicast workgroup of the source.
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)- Virtual Routing Redundancy Protocol Working Group
5.6) Security Research Field (sec—-Security Field)
This research field is mainly responsible for studying the protocols and standards related to privacy protection in IP networks, such as authorization, authentication and auditing.
Network security has attracted more and more attention. At the same time, AAA is closely related to the business operation and maintenance mode, so this field has become one of the most active research fields in IETF.
At present, this research field * * * includes 2 1 active working groups.
Credentials and Settings (Registration)-Trust and Configure Workgroups
Intrusion detection exchange format (idwg)- Intrusion monitoring information exchange format working group
Extended Event Handling (INCH)- Extended Event Handling Working Group
Ip Security Protocol (IPSec)-Working Group of IPSec Working Group
IPSEC key information resource record (IPSec key)
Intellectual Property Security Policy (IPSP)-Working Group on Intellectual Property Security Policy
Internet Key Agreement (kink) Based on Kerberized
Kerberos working group
Long-term archival and notarization services
IKEv2 Mobile and Multihoming (mobike)
Multicast Security (msec)- Multicast Security Working Group
Open specification for good privacy (openpgp)
Analyzing the Use of PKI in IPSEC (pki4ipsec)
Public key infrastructure (X.509) (pkix)
Secure and Available Credentials (Sacred)
Simple Authentication and Security Layer (sasl)
Secure shell (secsh)
S/MIME message security (smime)
Secure network time protocol (stime)- secure network time protocol working group
Security issues in network event logging (syslog)
Transport layer security (TLS)- Transport layer security working group
5.7) Transmission research field (tsv—-transmission field)
The field of transmission research is mainly responsible for studying the transmission mode of special type or special purpose data packets in the network. Including audio and video data transmission, congestion control, IP performance measurement, IP signaling system, IP telephone service, IP storage network, ENUM, media gateway, pseudowire simulation and other important research directions.
At present, there are 27 active working groups in this research field, which is the largest research field in IETF in terms of the number of working groups.
Audio/Video Transmission (avt)- Voice/Video Transmission Working Group
Datagram congestion control protocol (dccp)- Datagram congestion control protocol working group
Telephone number mapping (enum)-enum workgroup
Internet Emergency Preparedness (IEPrep)- Internet Emergency Strategy Working Group
IP Performance Measurement (ippm) ――IP Performance Measurement Working Group
IP Storage (ips) ――IP Storage Network Working Group
Ip telephone (IP tel)-IP telephone working group
Media gateway control (mega co)- media control gateway working group
Man-in-the-middle communication (midcom)
Multimedia Session Control (mMusic) ―― Multimedia Session Control Working Group
Network File System Version 4(NFS v4)- Network File System Working Group
The Next Step of Signaling (NSIS)-IP Signaling Development Working Group
Path MTU Discovery (pmtud) ――MTU Discovery Protocol Working Group
End-to-end pseudowire simulation working group (PWE3)
Remote direct data placement (rddp)
Reliable Multicast Transport (RMT)- Reliable Multicast Transport Protocol Working Group
Robust Header Compression (rohc)- A Reliable Header Compression Working Group
Reliable Server Pool-A Reliable Server Load Sharing Working Group
Context Transfer, Handover Candidate Discovery and Hibernate Mode Host Alert (seamoby)
Signaling Transmission (sigtran)- Signaling Transmission Working Group
Session Initiation Protocol (sip)-sip Protocol Working Group
Session Initiation Proposal Survey (SIP)-SIP Protocol Research Working Group
Speech service control (Speech SC)- Speech Service Control Working Group
Services/spirits in PSTN.
TCP maintenance and minor extension (tcpm)
Working group in the field of transportation (tsv WG)- working group in the field of transmission.
Centralized Meeting (XCON)- Centralized control of meeting working groups
5.8) Temporary research area (sub-sub-IP area)
Subip is a temporary technical field established by IETF. At present, there is only one active working group in this research field, which is mainly responsible for the research of Internet traffic engineering, and four rfcs have been formed.
Internet Traffic Engineering (TEWG)- Internet Traffic Engineering Working Group