The fundamental problem in China's modern history is the sovereignty of China. From the Opium War in 1890 to the founding of New China in 1949, I signed many unequal treaties, such as treaty of nanking, Tianjin, Beijing, Xin Chou and so on.

Unequal terms of the treaty (compensation, land cession, port trade opening, etc.). ) We lost our sovereignty over Zhuhai, Xiamen, Hongkong, Nanking and even more than half of China's territorial waters.

In a word, the fundamental issue in China's modern history is sovereignty and territorial integrity.