Whether you can carefully examine the questions is the key to doing a good job in multiple-choice questions. With the progress of proposition technology, the three-dimensional sense and dynamic migration sense of multiple-choice questions are getting stronger and stronger, and the confusion is getting bigger and bigger. Because of the uniqueness of its answers, it is not as flexible as material analysis questions and questions. Once the topic is deviated, it will lead to total mistakes. For multiple-choice questions, it is particularly important to carefully examine the questions. According to the characteristics of multiple-choice questions, three-dimensional examination methods should be adopted to clarify the meaning and requirements of the questions. Its specific requirements are:

First, make clear the topic structure. We should carefully scrutinize the stem of the question and make clear the answer items, subject words and conditional qualifiers in the stem of the question. The answer item refers to the contents and items contained in the answer, the subject is the direct object of option discussion, and the conditional qualifier is the restriction on all aspects of the answer content.

"The anti-British struggle in British North America 13 colony turned into a joint American War of Independence by the end of 18. This change is mainly due to:

A. British oppression intensified, and the anti-British consciousness of North American people increased.

B. the capitalist economy of several northern colonies developed rapidly.

C. a unified market was initially formed among the colonies.

D. a unified American country began to take shape

The reason for this is the answer item. The subject refers to "transformation" (that is, from the scattered anti-British struggle to the joint war of independence), and the qualifiers are time (17th century to18th century), place (North America) and characteristics (unity).

Second, make clear the scope of time and space. According to the qualifier, we should pay special attention to extracting the implied time information and defining the time limit. Understand the horizontal and vertical historical space and stage characteristics of historical phenomena, and make clear the time range and space of the topic.

Third, make clear the basic questions. Multiple choice questions also have their own characteristics. According to their characteristics, we should make clear the basic questions, and then, according to the answering methods of various questions, combined with the usual study and mastery, we should think and grasp the "corresponding seats".

Fourth, consider alternatives. Consider the alternatives carefully. In recent years, there are more and more interferences from substitutes, which need to be carefully analyzed. Through comparison, master the difference of knowledge and clarify the relationship between options and questions.

Fifth, clarify theoretical viewpoints. Most of the multiple-choice questions are permeated with the basic viewpoints of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, such as productivity, economic base and superstructure, class struggle, principal contradiction and secondary contradiction. Then under the guidance of these theoretical viewpoints, it is demonstrated and analyzed.

Sixth, clarify the relationship with other disciplines. For liberal arts, history is often related to politics and geography. For the connection between Chinese and other disciplines, we should make use of the complementarity of related disciplines to prepare answers.

Second, the solution to the problem

Examination questions are to answer questions. On the basis of examining the questions, we should also use the correct solution. Combining the characteristics and specific contents of various multiple-choice questions, the problem-solving skills are introduced as follows.

1. Best multiple choice questions

It is a basic question type in multiple-choice questions, aiming at examining the accuracy of understanding and mastering historical knowledge and the ability of dialectical thinking. The characteristic is that options and questions imply the relationship between arguments and arguments. Among the alternatives, there is only one requirement that best suits the problem. Other options are reasonable, but they can't be the best because they are not comprehensive or relevant. Before and after the answer to the question, there are many adverbs and adjectives that express the degree, such as "the most important" and "the most important". It is the most difficult type of multiple-choice questions.

The main achievements of the early New Culture Movement in Exodus are as follows.

A. established the dominant position of "democracy" and "science"

B. criticized the bourgeois reformist trend of thought

C. Opened a new chapter in spreading Marxism

D. dealt a heavy blow to the authority of feudal orthodoxy.

Analysis: In the early stage of the New Culture Movement, the dominant thought was still feudal, so item A could be excluded; Opposing Confucian traditional morality is the goal of the new culture movement, rather than pointing the finger at bourgeois reformism, so item B is excluded. Item C is the most confusing, because opening a new chapter in spreading Marxism is one of the achievements of the previous New Culture Movement, but it is not the main achievement, so item C is excluded. It was the early New Culture Movement that shook the dominant position of feudal orthodoxy and set off a wave of ideological emancipation in society, which was the main achievement. Therefore, the best choice is item D.

Answer: d

Solution: First, according to the requirements of the topic, determine the logical thinking relationship of the topic, that is, the relationship between arguments and arguments. Under the guidance of the correct theory, determine the "best" standard and make a judgment. On this basis, the optimal selection method is used to compare and analyze the alternatives one by one to find the best answer. Beware of the mistake of generalizing the whole, or seeing the trees but not the forest.

2. Causal multiple-choice questions

This kind of topic aims to examine the comprehensive analysis and application ability of knowledge. Usually, the different factors existing in historical phenomena are listed, and then the corresponding reasons or results are listed according to the direction of the topic. There are two angles of investigation: the first form infers the reason from the result, and its structure is: the stem is the result, and the alternative is the reason. The second form is to deduce the result or influence from the cause, and its structure is that the problem is the cause and the alternative is the result. Common root causes, direct causes, root causes, main reasons, etc.

Example: After Wuchang Uprising, the powers changed from preparing for armed intervention to "strictly observing neutrality". The decisive factors leading to this change are as follows

A conflicts of interest and disputes among major powers persist.

B. Be bound by the "open door" policy

C. the development of the revolutionary situation exceeded the expectations of the great powers.

D. Yuan Shikai's appointment as Prime Minister of the Cabinet is enough to cope with the situation.

Analysis: This topic examines and analyzes the causal relationship between historical phenomena and phenomena and the ability to distinguish the main factors from the secondary factors through the historical facts of the adjustment of China policies by the great powers in the Revolution of 1911. ABD can be ruled out if the historical facts are well grasped.

Answer: c

Solution: This kind of topic mainly revolves around the background, conditions, results and influences of historical phenomena. It is necessary to examine the meaning of the question, clarify the causal relationship, and clarify the intention of the proposition. At the same time, pay attention to the requirements of distinguishing the root cause, direct cause, subjective cause, objective cause and internal and external cause. Don't reverse cause and effect, confuse each other, and ignore priorities.

3. Negative multiple-choice questions (reverse multiple-choice questions)

This kind of multiple-choice question usually requires choosing an option that is inconsistent with historical facts. It is characterized by the use of negative hints or restrictions, such as the use of words such as "no", "nothing", "nothing" and "incorrect", and special attention should be paid to reverse thinking.

For example, among the conditions proposed by the Third Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of China to basically improve the country's financial and economic situation,

be exclusive of

A. Confiscation of bureaucratic capital

B. Completion of land reform

C. Reasonable adjustment of industry and commerce

D. Reducing funding for national institutions

Analysis: This question is mainly judged from time. Confiscation of bureaucratic capital was put forward in the war of liberation and implemented by the people's government after liberation. It happened before the Third Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in June 1950, so it can be judged that item A is the correct answer.

A: A.

Solution: To solve this kind of problem, we can use the backward deduction method, that is, according to the meaning of the problem, first find out three alternatives that meet the requirements of the problem, and the remaining alternatives are the answers to the requirements of the problem. Positive thinking or exclusion can also be used to solve such problems.

4. Reasoning multiple-choice questions

Reasoning multiple-choice questions mean that this kind of multiple-choice questions can be solved by reasoning. This kind of topic often involves some regular problems. Candidates can analyze similar historical phenomena by mastering historical laws.

Example: In the process of implementing Wang Anshi's new law, the biggest resistance comes from

A. Big landlords B. Small and medium landlords C. Farmers D. Royal family

Analysis: If the examinee has mastered the root cause of the failure of a series of top-down reform movements in China feudal society, because the reform touched the interests of big bureaucrats and big landlords, it is not difficult to choose the correct answer A to this question.

A: A.

Solution: deductive method can be used to solve this kind of problem, and the correct answer that conforms to the meaning of the problem can be determined through necessary reasoning. When reasoning, we should master the correct guiding ideology, such as historical laws and logical relations. Therefore, candidates should pay attention to summing up historical phenomena, summing up historical laws and mastering their application.

Sort multiple-choice questions

This kind of topic requires candidates to arrange historical facts or historical phenomena in a certain order according to the requirements of the topic, such as chronological order, which is serialized or non-serialized.

Example: In the British bourgeois revolution, the following events happened in the order of (1): Parliament formed a "new model army"; (2) The king declared a crusade against Parliament; (3) Cromwell established a dictatorship; (4) Richard I was guillotined.

a . 2 143 b . 42 13 c 34 12d 1234

Analysis: If candidates can remember that the first thing that happened was that the king declared a crusade against parliament, they can determine one.

Two items may be correct, so BC is excluded; Then by analyzing the differences between the two items, we can find the final ending event. Item A is Cromwell's dictatorship, and item D is Charles I being put on the stage. Accordingly, the correct answer A can be selected by direct inference or exclusion.

A: A.

Solution: Cleverly solving such problems can get twice the result with half the effort. Using the method of combining head and tail, first, find out the serial number and alternative code of the leading historical event; Then find out the sequence number of the ending event, combine the first and last sequence numbers, and choose the one with alternatives in order. If we have the same choice, we should compare the order of his historical events.

6. Multiple choice problem

This kind of topic is to combine similar options according to a certain relationship. Usually three or more groups of historical things are listed in the title and numbered. Then break it down into alternative answers as options. To deny the form of the composition, you can choose a combination option that should be denied according to the meaning of the question. After the cancellation of multiple-choice questions, this kind of multiple-choice questions tends to increase.

Example: After the Middle Tang Dynasty, the characteristics of the vassal regime were 1 vassal did not pay taxes to the central government; 2. Our appointed officials died, and our sons or ministries successfully minted coins in four vassal regions.

A 1234 B. 123 C234 D23

Analysis: If the examinee can conclude that the mintable currency of the province does not meet the meaning of the question, he can exclude the items A and C including the province. Then comparing item B and item D, it is found that both items B and D contain the characteristics of ②, that is, ②. Finally, as long as ① meets the requirements of the stem, you can get the correct answer.

Answer: b

Solution: You can choose the basic method or the column method when answering. First, choose an absolutely correct or absolutely wrong answer as the basic point; Then, follow the clues and choose the answers. The column method lists all the options in a column vertically, and some of the four options can be determined, and the other part can be excluded, which narrows the scope of thinking; Make a judgment on this basis.

7. Compare multiple-choice questions

This kind of problem is to put together the comparable historical events or the same historical phenomenon in different historical periods, and find out their similarities or differences through analysis, induction and comparison.

For example, the social and economic thoughts in the celestial system and Zi Zheng Xin chapter.

A. Contradiction B. Similarity C. Complete agreement D. Complement each other

Analysis: This topic compares the socio-economic propositions in two important documents of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, and examines the understanding and evaluation of the socio-economic propositions. Both documents have an anti-feudal side, but the essential ideas reflected are quite different. On the one hand, they are feudal, on the other hand, they are capitalist. After comparing the socio-economic propositions of the two documents and making an objective evaluation, it is not difficult to draw a conclusion that they can neither be "complementary" nor "similar" nor "completely consistent", but mutually exclusive and contradictory.

A: A.

Solution: according to the conditions provided by the stem, find out the similarities and differences between the two, and make a comprehensive judgment based on the knowledge learned.

8. Material multiple choice questions

This kind of question is an objective answer to the problem of material analysis. Provide one or several materials in the stem of the question, and ask the candidates to find out the correct options through the historical truth and requirements behind the materials on the basis of reading the materials.

Exodus: "We will stop the war between Austria and France, and then we will send all our troops south." What is this sentence?

A. Alexander II Gafur Bismarck Nikolai

Analysis: This material is selected from the letter written by Bismarck (then Prussian Minister in Petersburg) to Count Al Benzler in May 1859. By extracting the information of Austria, France and the speaker provided by the materials, combined with the historical and geographical knowledge at that time and the listed figures, we can judge the war between France and Austria first, and then make a judgment according to the instruction of "going south"

Answer: c

Solution: Solving multiple-choice questions with materials is generally divided into three steps: First, determine the historical background of the materials by looking at the sources of quotations and other relevant information. Second, read through the material and find out the content of the material and the relevant people or things. Third, make clear the connotation of the alternative and its relationship with the stem of the question, and find out the alternative that meets the requirements of the stem of the question and historical facts.

8. Conceptual multiple-choice questions

This kind of multiple-choice questions mainly examines the accurate understanding and grasp of historical concepts. It puts forward a basic concept in the stem, and the options are mostly explanations or explanations of this concept. Most of the options are based on the grasp of the inherent laws and essence of historical concepts.

Exodus: On the eve of the Opium War, the Qing government's closed-door policy meant

A. Prohibit China's foreign trade B. Strictly restrict foreign exchange.

C. reject everything from the west. D. close the border and stick to the territory

Analysis: This topic mainly examines the understanding of the concept of "closed door". This concept is not clearly stated in textbooks, and can only be summarized from the aspects of the Qing government's foreign exchanges before the Opium War. From a practical point of view, the communication between China and foreign countries is carried out within a certain range at this time. Therefore, items A, C and D do not conform to the historical reality at that time. The provision of "allowing foreign trade in Guangzhou" is consistent with item B.

Answer: b

Solution: To solve this kind of problem, we should grasp the connotation and extension of the historical concept and define it correctly through quantitative and qualitative analysis. At the same time, we should strengthen the study and accurate understanding of historical concepts in peacetime.