2. The essence of Renaissance is a bourgeois ideological and cultural movement against feudalism and theology.

3. The guiding ideology of Renaissance is humanism. (Shanghai World Expo mascot Haiyu Baoyi)

The first poet who was summoned from the old times to the new era was Dante. His masterpiece is The Divine Comedy.

Leonardo da Vinci's masterpieces include Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.

6. 1492, Columbus was the navigator who arrived in Cuba and Haiti and discovered America.

7. 1498, he arrived in India, and the first navigator to discover a new route from western Europe to eastern countries was da gama.

8. From 15 19 to 1522, the first voyage around the world was realized, and the scientific truth that the earth is round was proved by Magellan's fleet.

9. The leading forces of British bourgeois revolution: the bourgeoisie and new noble. Leader: Cromwell.

10. The symbol of the British bourgeois revolution:1the reconvening of Parliament in 640.

1 1. The king who was executed in the British bourgeois revolution was Charles I.

12. The end of the British bourgeois revolution is marked by the glorious revolution of 1688.

13. In order to restrict the rights of the king, the document promulgated by the British Parliament in 1689 is the Bill of Rights.

14. The establishment of British bourgeois constitutional monarchy is marked by the promulgation of the Bill of Rights.

15. The event that marked the beginning of the North American War of Independence was the Lexington shooting.

16. The leader of the American War of Independence was Washington.

17. The event that marked the independence of North America 13 colony from British colonial rule was the publication of the Declaration of Independence.

18. The turning point of the American War of Independence: Saratoga.

19. The figure known as "the father of America" is Washington.

20. The symbol of the beginning (outbreak) of the French bourgeois revolution is:1July 789 14 Paris people's uprising captured the Bastille.

2 1. The important document promulgated in the French bourgeois revolution is the Declaration of Human Rights.

The political slogan of the First Republic of France is "freedom, equality and fraternity".

23. The king who was executed in the French Revolution was Louis XVI.

24. The climax of the French Revolution was the dictatorship of jacobins (led by robespierre).

25. The First Empire of France (the bourgeois military empire) was founded by Napoleon.

The earliest slave trade was carried out by Portugal and Spain.

27./kloc-After the middle of 0/7th century, Britain became the biggest slave trader.

In the19th century, colonies have spread all over the world, and the country that has become an "empire" is Britain.

In the Latin American War of Independence, the "liberator of Latin America" was Bolí var.

30. The outstanding heroine in India's anti-British national uprising was Queen Zhang Xi.

3 1. The country where the industrial revolution first took place was Britain.

32. The first sector of the industrial revolution was the cotton textile industry.

The first industrial revolution, marked by the widespread use of steam engines, brought mankind into the "age of steam".

34. The achievements of the first industrial revolution in the field of transportation include: American Fulton invented the steamboat; British engineer Stephen Sun invented the train.

The main symbol of the second industrial revolution is the wide application of electricity, which has brought mankind into the "electrical age".

36. The achievements of the second industrial revolution in the field of transportation include: Karl Benz invented the world's first car; The Wright brothers in America invented the airplane.

37. American Edison, known as "the king of invention" and "the leader who opened the electrical age"; The invention of the electric light is his most important invention.

38. During the American Civil War, the focus of the contradiction between the North and the South was: the preservation or abolition of slavery.

39. The trigger of the American Civil War was Lincoln's election as president.

40. The turning point of the American Civil War was the promulgation of the Homestead Act and the Emancipation Proclamation by the Lincoln Administration.

41.1The obstacle to the development of Russian capitalism in the middle of the 9th century was feudal serfdom.

42. Russia 186 1 The nature of the reform: it is a top-down bourgeois reform.

43./kloc-The obstacle to the development of Japanese capitalism in the mid-9th century was the feudal rule of the shogunate.

44. The main leaders of Meiji Restoration in Japan were Emperor Meiji, Saigō Takamori, Toshiichi Kubo and Takagi Kimoto.

45. The slogan of the Meiji Restoration in Japan is "a prosperous and civilized Qiang Bing".

46. The Meiji Restoration in Japan was a top-down bourgeois reform.

47. The similarities between the Russian 186 1 Reform and the Meiji Restoration in Japan are as follows: ① Both are top-down bourgeois reforms; (2) They all embarked on the road of developing capitalism; (3) The reform was not thorough, and a large number of feudal remnants were retained.

48. 1848 February * * * The declaration of the producers' party marked the birth of Marxism-scientific socialism.

49. The Paris Commune was the first new regime in human history in which the proletariat came to power.

From May 26th, 65438 to May 27th, 187 1, tens of thousands of members of the Paris Commune were massacred by reactionaries, which is known as "May Bloody Week".

5 1. The first great attempt of the proletariat to establish political power was the Paris Commune.

52. The root cause of the outbreak of the two world wars is the unbalanced economic and political development of imperialism.

53. triple alliance means: Germany, Austria and Italy; With Germany as the core, Italy is the waverer.

54. The three-country agreement refers to: Britain, France and Russia; Britain is the core.

55. The Balkans was the focus of contention between the two major military blocs, and it became a powder keg when the First World War broke out.

56. The first world war was triggered by the Sarajevo incident.

57. The battles known as "meat grinder", "hell" and "slaughterhouse" in World War I included the Battle of Verdun.

58. The nature of World War I: an unjust imperialist war for world hegemony.

59. It was the British physicist Newton who discovered the law of gravity and wrote the mathematical principle of natural philosophy.

60. Darwin, England, is known as the founder of modern biological science and the author of the Origin of Species.

6 1. The scientist who put forward the theory of relativity and provided the theoretical basis for the development of atomic energy technology was Einstein.

62. France was the center of enlightenment thought in17-18th century, and Voltaire was an outstanding representative of French enlightenment thinkers.

Shakespeare's representative works include the tragedies Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet and comedies A Midsummer Night's Dream and The Merchant of Venice.

The Russian writer called "the mirror of Russian revolution" by Lenin is lev tolstoy, whose masterpieces include War and Peace, Anna karenin and Resurrection.

65. Van Gogh's masterpiece is Sunflower.

66. Beethoven's masterpiece is the Heroic Symphony.

67. 19 17 After the "February Revolution" in Russia, two regimes coexisted: engineers represented the Soviet Union and the bourgeois interim government.

68. The leader of the October Revolution was Lenin.

69. The first successful socialist revolution in human history marked the beginning of modern world history: the October Revolution.

In the 1920s, in order to solve the domestic economic difficulties and ease the political crisis, the Soviet Union and Russia took the following measures: implementing the "new economic policy".

7 1. The main content of the new economic policy is to replace the surplus grain collection system with a fixed grain tax.

72. The Soviet Union was founded in1922 65438+February and disintegrated in 199 1 year 65438+February.

73. The characteristics of the Soviet Union's economic and political system: it is a highly centralized system with the state as the core.

74. The countries hosting the Paris Peace Conference are the United States, Britain and France.

75. The central topic of the Paris Peace Conference was how to treat Germany after its defeat.

76. The nature of spoils sharing in the Paris Peace Conference can best be reflected in the fact that German colonies were divided up by countries such as Britain, France and Japan.

77. The biggest damage caused by the Paris Peace Conference to China is the transfer of all the rights seized by Germany in Shandong before the war to Japan.

The "Versailles System" established a new order for post-war imperialism: Europe, West Asia and Africa.

79. The country that played an important role in the Washington Conference was the United States. Its central topics are: limiting naval armaments and the Far East and the Pacific Ocean.

80. The meeting that brought China back to a situation dominated by several imperialist countries was the Washington Conference.

The nature of "8 1. The "Versailles-Washington system" is a system in which imperialism repackages the world and enslaves colonies and semi-colonies.

82.1The capitalist economic crisis in late October 1929 10 first broke out in the United States. The countries most affected are the United States and Germany.

83. 1929 The characteristics of the economic crisis are as follows: ① The scope of the crisis is particularly wide; (2) the duration is particularly long; ③ It is particularly destructive.

84. The characteristic of Roosevelt's New Deal is to comprehensively strengthen the state's intervention in the economy.

85. The most important anti-crisis measure in Roosevelt's New Deal was the implementation of the Industrial Recovery Act.

86. The formation of the European war source of World War II was marked by Hitler becoming prime minister at the beginning of 1933.

87. Japan became the symbol of source of war in the far east in the new world war: 1936, Hirota Hiroshi's cabinet, controlled by the military department, came to power.

88. The event that marked the peak of appeasement policy was Munich Conference.

89. The sign of the outbreak of World War II was: 1 September 19391day, when the Germans raided Poland.

90. The event that marked the expansion of World War II was:1941On June 22nd, the Soviet-German war broke out.

9 1. The first major defeat suffered by the Germans since the beginning of World War II was the Battle of Moscow.

92. The events that marked the largest scale of World War II were:194165438+February 7, when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, the Pacific War broke out.

93. The symbol of the establishment of the anti-fascist United front: the signing of the American Declaration.

94. The turning point of the Soviet-German War and the Second World War was the Battle of Stalingrad.

95. The important battles in the Second World War were: Moscow Battle, Stalingrad Battle and Normandy Landing.

96. The most important conferences in the late World War II were Cairo Conference, Tehran Conference, Yalta Conference and Potsdam Conference.

97. In the latter part of World War II, China participated in the following important conferences: Cairo Conference and Potsdam Conference.

98. The Cairo Conference was an international conference that explicitly stipulated that the northeast of China, Taiwan Province Province and Penghu Islands occupied by Japan must be returned to China.

99. The meeting that decided to open a second front in Europe in order to defeat Nazi Germany as soon as possible was the Tehran meeting.

100. The important military action of the United States and Britain to open up the second battlefield against German fascism was the Normandy landing.

10 1. Decided to establish the United Nations after the war; The important meeting that led to the emergence of the bipolar pattern in the world after World War II was the Yalta Conference.

102. The symbol of the successful end of the anti-fascist war in Europe is:1On May 8, 945, Germany signed an unconditional surrender.

103. The symbol of the end of World War II is: 1945. On September 2, Japan signed the surrender.

104. the nature of world war ii: it was a worldwide just war against fascism.

105. the "iron curtain speech" delivered by former British prime minister Churchill marked the signal of the cold war.

106. the performance of the cold war: politically: the introduction of Truman doctrine; Economically: Marshall Plan; Militarily: the establishment of NATO.

107. The formation of the bipolar pattern is marked by the establishment of NATO and the Warsaw Pact.

108. The reasons for the post-war economic recovery in Western Europe are as follows: ① Relying on the original economic base; (2) Thanks to the rise of the third scientific and technological revolution; (3) with the help of Marshall plan.

109. The reasons for Japan's re-emergence are as follows: ① the Japanese government implemented democratic reforms; ② Attach importance to science and technology, education and personnel training; ③ Actively explore domestic and foreign markets; (4) the United States' strong assistance and support.

110.at the end of 1980s, Japan became the second largest economy in the world.

1 1 1. Hungary, known as "the paradise of consumers in Eastern Europe".

1 12. the symbol of the end of the cold war: the drastic changes in eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet union.

1 13. The key to the Middle East issue is the Palestinian-Israeli conflict.

In 1 14. 1960, 17 countries on the African continent gained independence, and this year was called the "Year of African Independence".

115.1990 March marked the complete disintegration of the imperialist colonial system in Africa: Namibia became independent.

1 16. The current world economic structure is: economic globalization.

1 17. Important international and regional economic organizations are: World Trade Organization (WTO), European Union (EU), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA).

1 18. Multinational corporations play an important role in the process of world economic globalization.

1 19. Why is economic globalization a double-edged sword? Economic globalization is both an opportunity and a challenge for developing countries. The vast number of developing countries can also get bonuses, technology and management experience to improve their economic and technological development level; However, it is easy to aggravate unfair international competition, that is, developed countries use the monopoly advantages of products, technologies and markets to attack the autonomy of some sovereign countries economically, and some weak countries may be firmly controlled by them, thus making countries benefit unevenly from globalization and even forming a situation in which rich countries are richer and poor countries are poorer.

120. The theme of today's era is: peace and development.

12 1.

122. The development direction of today's world pattern: multipolarization.

123. the symbol of the third scientific and technological revolution: breakthroughs in three major technologies: atomic energy technology, aerospace technology and computer technology.

124. The core technology of the third scientific and technological revolution: computer network technology.

125. The masterpieces of Picasso, a famous Spanish modern artist, are guernica and Dove of Peace.

126. The birthplace of pop music is the United States, and the mainstream is jazz and rock music.

127. Hollywood is the center of American film industry, and Chaplin is a famous comedian.