According to legend, when the Yellow Emperor divided the Central Plains into Kyushu, Xuzhou was one of them as an administrative region. In Dayu, it is divided into Kyushu according to the water system, and Xuzhou is also one of the states. However, Xuzhou at that time did not refer to Xuzhou today. It covered a wide range, reaching Dapeng in the west, Huaihe River in the south, the sea in the east and Taishan in the north. It was once located in Xuecheng and Tancheng, Shandong Province, and it was not until the Three Kingdoms that the Cao Wei regime ruled Xuzhou.

The real present-day Xuzhou, known as Pengcheng in ancient times, was named after Peng Zu's founding of Da Pengguo (also called Da Pengguo). It was named by Emperor Yao. At that time, the capital was located in the west of Xuzhou today and north of Dapeng Mountain (now Yi 'an Mountain), which is now the Great Peng Ji Village. At that time, it covered Xiao County in the west, Feng County in the north, Xuecheng County in Pei County, Xinyi, Roman Lake in the east and Suxian County in the south. Later, when Dayu was in charge of water conservancy.