Teacher: Yuan Ziqing! (Students are surprised) Dou E is so wronged. How can I tell that you can't stop laughing while watching the performance? (Laughter)
Yuan Ziqing (laughs): They didn't perform well.
Teacher: Zhang Mengli, do you agree with him?
Zhang Mengli: I disagree.
Teacher: Why?
Zhang Mengli: They performed very well and were very devoted.
"Comments: Students will have different feelings from ordinary reading in the process of acting and drama evaluation, which is very helpful to improve students' aesthetic ability. Pingxi should be enough. "
Teacher: OK, please sit down. The teacher was only joking. But, to be honest, the teacher didn't cry or even feel sad after watching the play for the first time. Why? Here, press No first, and get to know the outline of the whole story first, then you can talk about your feelings with the outline and the selected passages of the text. Please look at the following projection: Projection 1: Dou Zhangtian owed Cai Po a loan shark, so he had to give Dou E to Cai Po as a child bride and took the exam himself. Thirteen years later, Dou E became a widow and lived alone with Cai Po. Cai Po asked Dr. Sailu for a debt, and Dr. Sailu tricked her into the wild with the intention of killing her. Zhang Lver and his son saved Cai Po and forced her to marry them. Cai Po had no choice but to take them home, and Dou E angrily accused Zhang Lver of pestering him. Zhang Lver asked Dr. Tselu for poison, tried to poison Cai Po, but poisoned her father. Zhang donkey bribed the satrap and beat him to confession. Dou E made three vows before his execution: blood flying in vain, snow flying in June, and drought for three years. One by one. Three years later, Dou Zhangtian visited this place, and his unjust case was clarified.
Teacher: So, Dou E's second pursuit failed. There is a phenomenon in China culture. When there is nothing to appeal to in real life, people often think that another object to appeal to is God (students are expected to respond, but they don't know). Please read the following again.
Projection 10: I am a headless ghost who has been wronged. How can I let you go, you lewd, dissolute and faceless thief! I think people can't be bullied, and I don't know what the world knows. I will fight to the end and compete to the end. What is it now? (Second discount)
Teacher: Dou E is confident that she has wronged Heaven and Earth, but does Heaven and Earth know it?
Health (in unison): I don't know.
Teacher: So, at this moment, Dou E can be said to be in a state of complete despair. This also forced her to sing the following lyrics: Projection 1 1: "The main palace. Zhengshan "violated the king's law for no reason, and did not guard against being punished by the constitution. The cry was shocking. "In a blink of an eye, the wandering souls go to Rosen Hall first. Why not complain about heaven and earth?" "Rolling hydrangea" is hung by the sun and the moon day and night, and ghosts and gods hold the right to life and death. Heaven and earth only distinguish between turbidity and turbidity. How can a thief get Yan Yuansheng? The poor who do good will be short-lived, and the evil will be rich and long-lived. Heaven and earth, too, are afraid of hard bullying, but Yuan Lai is so logical. Land, you are good or bad. God, you are both smart and stupid! Alas, only two tears fell.
(Read all the above projections)
Teacher: At this point, we can sum up the value destruction suffered by Dou E in the whole process of fighting against fate as follows: Projection 12: Dou E refused to marry: resisting weakness and passivity, only to maintain her chastity, and the objects of resistance were limited to Zhang Lver and his son; Chuzhou court admitted the crime of homicide: the goal of the resistance struggle was expanded, including not only Zhang donkey, but also Chuzhou satrap who was corrupt and perverted the law; Before execution: the spiritual realm has been sublimated, and the nature of contradictory struggle has changed. The object of resistance has expanded to the whole government and all corrupt officials, as well as ghosts and gods, the sun, the moon and the stars, not only for their innocence and the safety of their mother-in-law, but for? Son of heaven? Share your troubles, for what? All of them? Eliminate pests. The hero represents the inevitable requirement of history and has a strong and unyielding will; On the other hand, it is powerful, so powerful that this kind of history cannot be realized, and the end of the struggle is the destruction of the positive protagonist.
What caused her death? Heroic will? Is it a shocking tragedy, not just a tear? Bitter drama? .
(Read the above)
"Comments: The design of the teaching process is simple and not slow. The classroom teaching with the disillusionment that Dou E pursues legally as the main line is clear-cut and focused. Such a virtuous and kind weak woman was framed by the wicked and sentenced to death by a corrupt official who reversed black and white. The destruction of a beautiful life has given students a strong shock. "
Teacher: Through the above interpretation of Dou E's tragedy, we have a better understanding of Mr. Lu Xun's previous definition projection of tragedy. If we can look at the life around us with tragic aesthetics, I believe there will be different life experiences. Please look at the following projection: Projection XIII: When we watch the sports meeting, we often think that the winner is respectable, while the backward contestants who didn't reach the finish line and the audience who were stunned by these contestants are the backbone of China's future.
Lu Xun's "Forehead and Tail" (students can read the projected content freely)
Teacher: The life scenes seen by Mr. Lu Xun can be seen in the school sports meeting every year. Have we ever thought of him like this? (Most students shake their heads) Now, with a new experience of tragedy, let's review it. As far as the life phenomena we have experienced or seen are concerned, which ones have the characteristics of tragic beauty?
Health: I think Huo Yuanjia has a tragic beauty. He struggled with a powerful force all his life. Although he failed later, he still shocked people.
Student: We study hard for the college entrance examination in the future, but there will always be people who can't get into college. In this process, we work hard, and there is a tragic beauty here.
Teacher: The teacher has ready-made examples. For example, this open class, I spent a lot of time preparing lessons. Wouldn't it be a tragic beauty if the judges failed me in the end? Because I tried my best. (Laughter)
Class dismissed: Teachers and students say goodbye to each other.
"General comment: Starting from discussing the essence of tragedy, and then grasping the principle of the extinction of valuable things, this paper discusses the origin and process of tragedy, from which students know what tragedy is and why Yuan is a typical tragedy. On the other hand, the whole mathematical process begins with students performing the textbook drama, and then teachers and students discuss the definition of tragedy together, enter the plot together, and pay attention to Dou E's fate together. Teachers always regard students as the main body of understanding and learning, and try their best to let students learn, discover and understand themselves.
On the other hand, if we don't talk about tragedy theory and cultural issues, but take Dou E's grievances as clues, highlight the contradiction between Dou E and Zhang Luer's father and the government, and grasp the character and social cognitive value, is it more direct and more in line with students' cognitive reality? It is debatable whether it is accurate to say that athletes who are lagging behind but still insist on taking classes with their teachers can't get a good evaluation despite their efforts.
? The destruction of value? There seems to be something wrong with this phrase Value? Have to say? Is there a difference between high and low? , changed to? The destruction of good things? Better "
"reflection: this lesson is an attempt to teach anthology, that is, to put anthology in it? Full text? From the background teaching, we should not only take care of the intensive reading of selected articles (this course is not enough) but also take care of the extensive reading of the full text (through reading). At the same time, it is also an exploration of deep reading, that is, trying to focus on stories. Flower rack? In the room, enjoying it? Flowers? Poetry. In addition, pay attention to get textbooks, get textbooks, and try to open the channel between textbooks and life, because the purpose of reading is to guide life after all.
? The destruction of value? There is nothing wrong with this phrase. German philosopher Marx. One of Scheler's philosophical works is entitled The Destruction of Value.
(The reviewer is the headmaster of Suqian Middle School and a special teacher; Reflector is the teacher of this course)
Teacher: Which student can talk about his reading experience or confusion?
Zang Feng: I think Dou E is a very kind person. For example, on her way to the giving ceremony, she asked the executioner to walk a few lines in the back street. (Read the dialogue between Dou E and the executioner in the textbook)
Wang Yu: I don't think Dou E should make such an oath.
Teacher: Why not?
Wang Yu: She shouldn't take it out on the people of Chuzhou. She let it snow in June, and I wonder how many crops ordinary people will freeze to death. She let the drought last for three years, and I don't know how many people will suffer.
Teacher: Well, your discovery has something to do with the culture of China. Can you write your findings into an article? (Answer) Well, let's start the next class on the grounds of your article, and discuss the cultural issues of China involved in this Yuan Zaju.
Wang Yu: OK!
"Comment: Encourage students to find out for themselves. But the teacher's understanding seems to be inconsistent with the students' understanding. The teacher focuses on China people? Good is rewarded with good, and evil with evil? Wang Yu, a student, thinks that Dou E should curse those governments and bad people who wronged her, and should not let innocent people suffer. "
(There are still three or four students speaking, omitted)
Teacher: What I just heard was the students' thoughts after reading. When the teacher was watching the play, there was a question: was Dou E wronged?
(The following students followed closely and said: No injustice)
Teacher: Alas, which classmate just said that he was not wronged?
Health (Disagreement): Wang Xiaowei.
Teacher: OK, Wang Xiaowei, please tell me the reason.
Wang Xiaowei: Apparently she admitted it herself.
Teacher: Well, the teacher also thinks it seems to be true from a legal point of view. Judging from the whole case, the biggest suspect is probably Dou E. One of the reasons is that she opposes the adoption of a donkey and his son. The second reason is that she has a glib tongue, which is the most annoying thing in feudal society, because feudal society has a universal value judgment on women, and that is (expecting students to answer, but I don't know)? A woman without talent is a virtue? . More importantly, as Wang Xiaowei said just now, she confessed herself? However, there is another theme in this drama called Projection II: Dou E, a master with a strong sense of fairness and honesty, is unfair. Adhere to fair and honest visits to France? It also involves the cultural problems in China, which we will talk about next class. Look at the second half of the sentence, called? Earth-shaking? Ah! Where does it feel earth-shaking? I really didn't look at it at first. In normal times, I may have put it down, but I still have to discuss it with my classmates. After all, it's a classic, so I adopted a circuitous reading strategy to see how famous people interpret meta, so as to give myself some reading enlightenment. In the process of reading relevant materials, a passage by Wang Guowei, a master of Chinese studies, made my eyes shine. The most tragic ones are Guan Hanqing's Dou Eyuan and Ji's The Orphan of Zhao. Although there are villains in the play, those who go through the soup to the sea of fire are still out of the will of their masters, that is, they are included in the great tragedy of the world and are innocent. Wang Guowei's textual research on Song and Yuan operas. Teacher: Please read Projection III. What inspired the teacher most about this passage? Although there are villains in the play, those who cross into the fire pit are still out of the will of the master. , here? Will. How to understand it? The teacher's understanding refers to a will to fight. Only fighting can lead to tragedy, and only active fighting can lead to real tragedy. The teacher gives an example here: for example, one of our classmates was wronged by the teacher. If he feels unlucky and depressed all day, let's think about it. Is this a tragedy? (At this time, some students said yes and some students said no) The teacher thought it was not a tragedy because he didn't fight. He refused to accept it, so he went to the grade director to complain, and then went to the director of the student affairs office to complain, but it was still useless. Finally, he went to the headmaster to complain, and the final result was still grievance. This is a tragedy. (Laughter) Although he failed, his fighting spirit is extremely valuable. At this point, we naturally thought of a definition of tragedy by Lu Xun. (Some students whispered Lu Xun's definition of tragedy under the stage)
Projection 4: Tragedy is to destroy the valuable things in life for people to see. Lu Xun's Re-discussion on the Collapse of Leifeng Tower Teacher: Please look at the projection. Inspired by Master Wang Guowei, I saw a kind of destruction of value in Dou E, so I gave a topic to the topic we will discuss together. Projection 5: the destruction of value. Yuan, a tragic aesthetician: Let's look at the contents of the following projection first. Projection 6:? After my mother died at the age of three, I left my father for a long time when I was seven. When I married a roommate, he pulled out a short-term plan and left every spare room for my mother-in-law and daughter-in-law. Who asked who to look at? ? (First discount)
(Students read the contents of Projection 6 together)
Teacher: From here, we can easily see that Dou E is only the embodiment of pain. If Dou E is a shrew and a heartless person, we say that she deserves it, but what kind of person is Dou E?
Students (conflicting views): Good people, kind people.
Teacher: Here is the certificate.
Projection 7: You just let me go back to the street. What do you think? [Zheng Dan sings] I'm afraid of being seen by my mother-in-law in Qianjie. [Executioner Ziyun] You don't care about your life. What are you afraid of? [Zheng] If my mother-in-law sees me wearing chains to eat a knife at the altar, [singing] it's not worth killing her, it's not worth killing her. Tell your brother that it is convenient for people to walk in danger.
Teacher: Please read the dialogue and lyrics in Projection 7. I won't analyze it here. Zhang Mengli has explained it clearly to us before. Let's take another look. It is such a kind person, a person who is free from evil deeds. Does she have her own pursuit? Please look at projection 8:? Unless you didn't burn incense in your previous life, today is also a wave of unrest, and you are advised to practice in the afterlife. I will love this woman, I will keep this filial piety, and my words must have a response. ? (First discount)