The first big problem encountered by the Han Dynasty was that the country was too big to manage, so on the basis of retaining the counties and counties of the Qin capital, the members of the royal family and the heroes were made princes, which made the counties and counties under their jurisdiction staggered and avoided excessive centralization. But not long after, centralization continued to strengthen, and the central power reached its peak in the period of Emperor Liu Che.
Liu Che openly chose the imperial ideology, deposed hundreds of schools, and respected Confucianism alone. But in his hands, the content of Confucianism has changed, including all kinds of theories and operating methods that are beneficial to centralized bureaucrats, and also mixed with some legalists. In addition, legalists' monopoly on salt and iron and harsh laws were adopted.
The courtiers of the Han Dynasty turned Confucianism into a system and confused the world outlook with politics. They realized their ideas in a poetic way, emphasized the importance of ethics and commitment, and rationalized autocratic imperial power. This mixture is effective in political legitimacy and government rule, but it has not changed the semi-religious status given to the emperor by the Han Dynasty for many years. Because he symbolizes the authority of human beings, his judgment is divine.
This way of working has caused the moralization of technical problems, and the problems of nomadic people have never been solved. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty frequently took military actions, but only achieved military victory, but could not fundamentally solve the problem. A large number of military actions emptied the national treasury, which led to the change of national policy, which was the main reason for the decline of the Western Han Dynasty. Wang Mang's memorial led to a brief chaos, and then Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu unified the empire, which is the so-called Eastern Han Dynasty. At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the policy was relaxed, and the country made great progress in material and cultural aspects. Liu Xiu and his family members belong to the local gentry class. But he also understands that in order to make the country stable, the requirements of most people must be met. In order to reconcile the interests of both sides, Liu Xiu advocated the concept of harmony between man and nature and designed policies with heart.
Liu Xiu and his son tried to reduce farmers' taxes, but the country's small self-study clothes could not compete with the powerful. The expansion of private wealth will be transformed into political power, and it is more difficult to restrain the unification of Qin and Han dynasties. It is too early for local officials to develop legal concepts and efficient dispute resolution mechanisms, and the way out for local officials to deal with disputes between the rich and the poor is limited. The worship of Confucianism in the Han Dynasty led to the formation of a unified thought in official organizations. However, the negative impact is that scholars have no choice but to be officials, which makes personnel relations more important and it is difficult to formulate objective standards to solve problems. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the central power was not enough to control all social strata, and the Han Dynasty existed in name only.