Steel structure, especially light steel structure building system, was born in the early 20th century and developed rapidly during World War II. In the meantime, it is mostly used for military building facilities that require high construction speed; The portal frame structure appeared in the 1940s. In the 1960s, a large number of lightweight enclosure systems consisting of color plates and cold-formed thin-walled steel sandalwood strips were used. In recent years, with the increase of the world's total steel and the decrease of steel used in international military materials, some steel-producing countries and countries with developed economy and technology, such as Europe, North America, Japan and Australia, have continuously expanded the scope of steel structure and built various steel structure houses. According to their living habits, they mainly build low-rise independent houses with 1-3 floors. With the decrease of land resources and the increase of population in various countries, for example, North America and Europe began to build multi-storey light steel houses. The proportion of construction steel consumption in the total steel consumption of various countries has obviously increased, and Japan is about 50%. In the United States, Sweden, Japan and other countries, the amount of steel used for steel structures has accounted for more than 30% of steel production, and the area of steel structures accounts for more than 40% of the total construction area.

1. Europe

In 1950s, due to the severe trauma of World War II, there was a huge housing demand in Europe. In order to solve the housing shortage problem, some European countries have adopted a highly industrialized steel structure building system, built a large number of houses, and formed many complete and standard steel structure housing systems, which have continued to this day. In Finland, Sweden, Denmark, France and other countries, various steel structure building systems have become very popular. Among them, Sweden's steel structure, especially light steel structure, is the most developed, and 95% of light steel structure houses use prefabricated components. At the same time, it is also the world's largest manufacturer of light steel residential buildings, producing and supplying European countries.

2. North America and Australia

In the United States, Canada and Australia, galvanized light steel keel has replaced the traditional light steel structure residential building system for more than 30 years. 1996, the proportion of light steel structure houses in American housing construction reached 20%; The proportion in Canada is about 30%; The number of steel residential buildings in Australia accounts for about 50%. But this structural form is mainly used for low-rise small houses. Since the late 1990s, the multi-story light steel keel residence has developed rapidly in North America, with a total area of about 3 million square meters. In addition to residential buildings, this system is also used in nursing homes, holiday hotels, primary schools and other buildings.

The light steel residential building system takes galvanized cold-formed thin-walled steel as the load-bearing part of the structure, which is often used to build 2-3 floors of low-rise residential buildings. The yield strength of galvanized cold-formed thin-walled steel is Q235 or Q345. The steel keel of the wall is arranged according to a certain modulus, and the general center distance is 400mm or 600mm；; The section of cold-formed thin-walled steel is 93-200mm, and the thickness of steel plate is 0.84-1.91mm. The section of steel keel of floor structure is generally between 150-300mm, and the thickness of steel plate is between 0.84-2.56mm At present, the maximum span of floor can reach 8-9m. The roof truss can be directly lapped with light steel skeleton.

Energy-saving and light-weight composite sandwich wall is often used for the external wall of light-weight steel structure residence, and gypsum board can be used for the internal wall; The walls of the kitchen and bathroom are made of waterproof gypsum board or cement pressure plate; The floor is made of light structural board; You can use colored tiles, colored tiles and other roofing materials.

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