Reading is the basis of understanding, memorizing and using, which is also the basis of learning history well.

First of all, there must be a purpose and a problem. For example, reading the catalogue of teaching materials and grasping the overall knowledge framework are the prerequisites for grasping history macroscopically; Read the text of the textbook and master basic historical knowledge: time, place, people, events, laws and regulations, historical concepts and historical conclusions. , that is, grasping history at the micro level; Reading the small words, notes and charts in the text is helpful to understand and know the main knowledge.

Secondly, we should master the correct reading methods. In reading, we should grasp the key words and understand the relationship between the degree of historical development and historical events: for example, in the French bourgeois revolution, social transformation experienced three stages: "preliminary", "further" and "thorough"; For example, the signing of the Nine-Nation Convention "aims to return China to a situation where several imperialist countries jointly dominate". Grasping the word "you" can reveal the stage and relationship of the invasion of China by modern powers. From the middle of19th century to the 1920s, it experienced the process of "mutual struggle-common rule-Japanese monopoly-common rule".

Second, memory.

First, we should understand memory, not just mechanical memory. The history of senior high school is theoretical, and there are many abstract concepts, so we need to carefully understand the inner meaning of each sentence in the historical conclusion and the logical relationship between each level in the learning process. For example, the evaluation of the "capitalist world colonial system" in modern world history can be divided into four short conclusions: ① status is an important part of the capitalist world system; Its symbol "marks the final establishment of the capitalist world system", including the establishment of the capitalist system in major European and American countries, the establishment of the capitalist world colonial system and the establishment of the capitalist world market. The capitalist world market also includes trade relations between capitalist countries and between capitalist countries and colonial and semi-colonial countries. ③ It plays an active role in "the world becomes an inseparable whole", which is conducive to the economic and cultural ties and mutual promotion among regions in the world. (4) Negative effects "Colonial and semi-colonial countries and regions have become raw material producing areas, commodity shopping malls and capital exporting places of capitalist countries, and capitalist countries have controlled the economic lifelines of these countries and regions and brutally exploited and plundered them", which means that the capitalist world market is finally formed, but the relationship between the two sides of trade is not equal, which will inevitably deepen the contradictions between the two sides.

Second, we should remember in the connection of the whole knowledge, not in isolation. Historical knowledge is interrelated, such as causality, juxtaposition and contrast. Classify and summarize historical knowledge together to form a knowledge chain, which makes the memory more profound and firm. For example, the content of unequal treaties in China's modern history is complicated, which is easy to be confused and mistaken. However, it is very different to divide them into cession, compensation, trade, tariff, military and religious categories.

Third, we should advocate skillful memorization and avoid rote memorization. Clever memorization refers to the use of some methods that can improve learning interest and memory effect to help flexibly remember knowledge, such as formula memory, homophonic memory, associative memory and so on.

Third, understanding

Understanding is the basis of memory and an important prerequisite for correctly using knowledge to answer historical questions.

First, we should correctly analyze historical conclusions. As mentioned earlier.

Second, we should correctly understand historical issues. For example, the evaluation of the role of autocratic centralization in the ancient history of China is not clearly stated in textbooks, but in the process of realizing and consolidating the unification of Qin and Han Dynasties, in the economic and cultural development of Qin and Han Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, and in ethnic relations and foreign exchanges, every analysis of its reasons should mention that national unity is strong, and strong centralization undoubtedly played a positive role, so the positive role of this system in the early feudal society is greater than the negative role; In the later period, especially in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, commodity economy and capitalism sprouted slowly, culture was autocratic, intellectuals were divorced from reality, and science and technology lagged behind the West. Obviously, autocratic centralization hinders the progress of the whole society, and its negative effect is greater than its positive effect.

Third, we should combine macro and micro, and combine horizontal correlation with vertical classification.

Fourth, use

With a certain reading ability and understanding ability, and accurate historical knowledge, we must learn to use the existing knowledge correctly when doing problems.

Some students think they have read the book well, but they have made many mistakes in making multiple-choice questions. This is not only because they don't really have knowledge, but also because they don't carefully examine the questions and can't use relevant knowledge to identify and judge numbers. To do a good job in multiple-choice questions, we must first understand the requirements of every sentence and every keyword in the question during the examination, and then judge the options one by one in order to find the correct answer smoothly.

More students are afraid to do non-multiple choice questions. At present, among the non-multiple choice questions in the college entrance examination, the most important is the material analysis question, followed by the short answer question. In the process of doing material questions, students are advised to start with reading the college entrance examination questions, take the answers of the college entrance examination questions as a model, learn the concise characteristics of the answers of the college entrance examination questions, and then do the material questions independently. In order to save time, it is best to take the following steps: first, browse the outline of the material and determine the center and theme of the problem, so as to focus on the center of the problem as soon as possible. Second, carefully examine the questions, read the materials with questions, and make clear what useful information is in the materials and what knowledge you need to find and learn from the textbooks; The third step is to sort out the answers, which is also the most common mistake that students make when answering questions. After reading the questions, they wrote them down in a hurry according to the knowledge of materials and textbooks. At this time, because of anxiety and unclear thinking, there will be problems of forgetting things. So in the third step, you must remember to clear your mind first, what to answer first, what to answer later, and how to make the answer language more concise. As the saying goes, people who think clearly can make it clear, and people who think clearly can write clearly. Think clearly before you answer. As the saying goes, writing is like its spirit. It goes without saying that the answering process of short answer questions is similar to that of material questions.

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