First, table tennis in old China
10 In 904, Wang Daoping, manager of a stationery store in Sima Road, Shanghai, bought10 sets of table tennis equipment from Japan and put it in the store. He personally performed, introduced the Japanese table tennis, and let table tennis activities begin in China. 19 16. Later, this activity was also held in several big cities such as Beijing, Tianjin and Guangzhou, but few people participated.
During the period of 1925, various cups were held in Shanghai, including the Akiyama Cup between China and Japanese overseas Chinese living in China. During the period of 1927, the China team went to Japan for a visiting match, and in August of the same year, they participated in the China-Japan table tennis exhibition match of the 8th Shanghai Far East Games. 1930 participated in the table tennis competition of the 9th Far East Games held in Tokyo. However, the technical level is not high, and more negative wins less. The All-China Table Tennis Association was established in 1935, and initiated and organized the National Table Tennis Competition Conference. However, only teams from Shanghai, Tianjin, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Nanjing, Qingdao, Hong Kong and Macao actually participated. 1935 65438+ 10, President ITTF invited China to join ITTF to participate in the 9th World Table Tennis Championships, but it failed to be realized due to insufficient funds.
In the dark old China, due to the influence of reactionary rule and war, the broad masses of people lived in dire straits. Without the conditions for physical exercise, table tennis cannot develop healthily.
Second, the new China has provided unprecedented conditions for table tennis.
1949 after the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), with the attention and care of China and the people's government, table tennis gained a new life in China. 1952 10 held the "First National Table Tennis Competition Conference" in Beijing, the capital. Sixty-two male and female players from six administrative regions of Central South, North China, Northeast China, Southwest China, Northwest China and East China and railway system sports associations participated, which opened a new page in the development history of table tennis in new China. At the same time, the table tennis department of the All-China Sports Federation joined ITTF.
Since then, mass table tennis activities in China have developed rapidly, and various national table tennis competitions are held every year.
Third, the growth of China table tennis team.
Our people love table tennis and care about our table tennis team. China table tennis team was founded on 1953, and experienced a development process from failure to victory, from weak to strong. Excellent achievements have been made in the World Table Tennis Championships and various international competitions. China table tennis team has traveled all over five continents. Through competitions and friendly visits, it has made positive contributions to enhancing the friendship of people all over the world and promoting the development of table tennis in the world.
(1) Stand the test of battle (1953- 1957): Participating in international table tennis competitions is the best opportunity to improve and test the level of table tennis. 1In the spring of 953, China table tennis team participated in the 20th World Table Tennis Championships held in Bucharest for the first time. In this competition, Austria, Sweden, West Germany and other teams were defeated, but they were defeated by strong teams such as Britain, Hungary and Czechoslovakia. In the team competition, the China men's team was rated as the 10th in the first class and the women's team as the 3rd in the second class.
When young China players just entered the world table tennis world, some European countries looked down upon China's traditional fast-break play, thinking that the backhand technique was not as comprehensive as the horizontal stroke technique. However, we believe that backhand and cross backhand have different advantages. China backhand players are good at fast break with their own characteristics, but their ability to deal with chopping is still poor. Coupled with the lack of international competition experience, the characteristic instinct of attacking ball is fully exerted. In order to change this situation and give China players a variety of styles of play, China began to advocate and train some horizontal knife players to learn the skills of European chopper players.
/kloc-in the summer of 0/954, the China table tennis team went to Hungary to participate in the 12th Universiade, and won the third and fourth place in men's singles, the third place in women's singles and the third place in men's doubles, with the total score second only to Hungary. It shows that the technical level of China players has improved faster than that of 1953 when they participated in the World Championships, and has begun to attract the attention of international table tennis.
On August, 1955, China table tennis team participated in the table tennis competition of the 2nd International Youth Friendship Games held in Warsaw. China's players showed their talents, beating excellent players from Japan, Romania and France respectively, and won the second and third place in men's singles, the third place in women's singles and the second place in mixed doubles.
1956 In March, at the 23rd World Table Tennis Championships in Tokyo, the men's team defeated Asian champions South Vietnam and the United States, but lost to Britain, Japan and Romania. As a result, the China men's team rose from the first level to the sixth, and the women's team rose from the second level to the first level.
Although China's offensive skills have made remarkable progress in this competition, due to poor accuracy, many games that have been ahead and may win have been recovered by the other side and declared a failure. Therefore, China players realize that the rapidity and fierceness of attacking ball must be combined with accuracy in order to play its role better. This understanding urged the fast-break players to pay attention to the training of basic skills, and gradually improved the accuracy of the pull-and-attack, laying the foundation for creating good results later.
65438-0957 In the 24th World Table Tennis Championships in Stockholm, the men's and women's teams of China defeated the Romanian team and the British team respectively, and both won the championship. Wang Chuanyao of China defeated Ichiro, an excellent Japanese player, and Sun Meiying, a female player, defeated Ann Haydn, an excellent British player, in the team competition, which initially showed the power of attacking from both sides and from left to right with a straight hand. The China men's team rose from the sixth place in the first class to the fourth place in the first class, and the women's team rose from the eleventh place in the first class to the third place in the first class, and achieved good results.
From 1953- 1957 just four years. In the World Table Tennis Championships, the China table tennis team jumped from obscurity to the ranks of the world's top teams, which strongly demonstrated the progress made by table tennis in China, and also showed that we had achieved initial results by implementing the policy of "letting a hundred flowers blossom" and adhering to the self-centered development direction.
(2) Rushing to the top of the world (1959-1965):1958, the China table tennis team reviewed the battle course of several years, analyzed the situation between our team and the European team and the Japanese team, and thought that what foreign athletes could do, our new China athletes would certainly do it. Rong Guotuan, a Guangdong athlete, was the first to draw up a plan to win the world championship, leading China athletes to March to the top of the world table tennis. Everyone is on the field, with motherland in mind, world in mind and high morale. They have carried out the most training and competition activities, competing, learning, catching up, helping and surpassing in big sports. The Chinese Table Tennis Association also lost no time in organizing several training sessions for outstanding national athletes, which played a very good role in promoting the rapid improvement of technology.
Rong Guotuan not only studied hard, but also practiced skillfully. He often likes to say that "playing ball is not only with the hands, but more importantly with the brain". He created the turning and non-turning serve, wiping attack tactics and edging technique, which made important contributions to enriching and developing the traditional fast-break play in China. At the 25th World Table Tennis Championships, he won the first world championship for China with his boldness of vision. The whole China table tennis team also won the third place in five events by leaps and bounds, and six male players entered the top of 16. This is an extremely important and good start for the China table tennis team, which will have a far-reaching impact on the subsequent journey.
In the first spring of 1960s, China table tennis team sounded the clarion call to March into the world technical peak in an all-round way. On the eve of the 26th World Table Tennis Championships, 108 players conducted intensive training. They are ambitious, ambitious, despise difficulties strategically, attach importance to difficulties tactically, and carry out serious and arduous training. 1960, when I invented the curveball, which was a great threat, the China training team was unshakable and quickly investigated and studied, thus training several players who played curveball in time. At the same time, they conducted targeted technical and tactical training on China's near-Taiwan fast-break play, practiced repeatedly, and constantly summed up experience, which made the athletes strategically despise the real king of loop ball, attach importance to tactics, dare to play and pay attention to it.
In addition, it is very important that the purpose of this training is very clear. Every athlete takes climbing the peak as his own goal, so he has a strong sense of training. No matter how hard and tired he is, he can maintain vigorous study and hard work, thus cultivating a group of athletes with wide adaptability and unique style. Before the 26th Championship, 70 players were selected to form the China Table Tennis Team, with an average age of only 2 1 year. The main players of men's and women's teams, who mainly play fast break, fully demonstrated their strength in the competition and won three championships (the men's team won the team championship for the first time, the women's team won the first women's singles world championship for China and won the men's singles championship again), four second and eight third.
In the joy of competition and victory, China team deeply realized that nothing is difficult in the world, and nothing is impossible to a willing mind. In the process of struggling to climb, we must first establish a clear main attack goal, on the other hand, we must study hard and master excellent skills, both of which are indispensable. Climbing the technical peak of table tennis in the world is the same as climbing the peak of anything else. You are afraid of low level, no ambition, difficulties and no motivation. With clear goals and hard training, there will be no insurmountable difficulties and no unattainable peaks.
The achievements of China Table Tennis Team in the 26th World Championship not only greatly inspired all table tennis players in China, but also promoted the vigorous development of table tennis in China, which set off a "table tennis craze" among tens of millions of teenagers.
65438-0963 In the 27th World Championships in Prague, the performance of China women's team was not satisfactory. The team won three championships, two runner-ups and seven runners-ups. In the men's team final, China not only played two fast break backhands, but also a backhand chop, showing a greater advantage than the 26th champion. The men's doubles champion was won by Zhang He, and they fought back in the middle, which shows that China's table tennis can climb the world technical peak with various styles and techniques.
For preparing for the 28th World Cotton Championship, the China men's team has the problem of "jumping from the beginning", while the women's team focuses on how to fight a "turnaround battle". Under the guidance of Mao Zedong Thought, the China team attached great importance to studying and applying materialist dialectics to guide training, competition and summing up experience. During the training, in order to improve the confidence and courage of the women's team, Comrade Xu Yinsheng told the women's team about his experience in playing ball. Comrade Mao Zedong read this speech and thought it was full of dialectical materialism. He personally gave important instructions on how to play table tennis, which greatly encouraged the comrades of the table tennis team. The women's team studied Comrade Mao Zedong's instructions and further found four reasons for losing the last championship: ideological fear of winning; Technically, it is not too difficult, and the team is not connected; The combination of leaders, coaches and athletes is not done well. Then take various measures, especially pay attention to training and boldly using young athletes such as Lin Huiqing, Zheng, Liang Lizhen, and encourage them to set up their ambitions, practice their basic skills, and strive for a turnaround. In the long run, the State Sports Commission, the Ministry of Education and the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League jointly issued a notice: vigorously carry out the national women's juvenile table tennis and hold the national women's juvenile table tennis competition. Under this call, outstanding young players, such as Zheng, Zheng and Huang Xi, have emerged, which has cultivated a relatively strong reserve force for the future.
At the 28th World Championships in China, the women's team made a beautiful turnaround. The men's and women's teams won the championship five times (both men's and women's teams won the team championship), came second five times and came third six times, which created the best result in the history of China team. International public opinion generally believes that China is "the largest table tennis country in the world". The achievements made by China table tennis team in this World Championships have further promoted the popularization of table tennis in China. According to incomplete statistics, nearly 90 million people in China have participated in table tennis to varying degrees, so some foreign friends call table tennis the "national ball" of China.
(3) New Journey (197 1- 1979): Since the 1970s, due to the rapid improvement of table tennis skills in various countries, especially the revival of Europe, the strength balance has changed greatly. After China re-participated in the World Series in April, 197 1, from the 3rd1to the 35th, our men's team won six and a half championships (mixed doubles count as half events), six and a half seconds, six and a half thirds, and the women's team won 65,438 and a half championships, nine and a half seconds, 65,500.
The above achievements have not only developed China's fast-attack style, but also successfully created two racket styles with different performances, which combine defense and attack. In recent years, under the premise of maintaining and developing our special skills, China has begun to master appropriate rotation techniques, striving to achieve speed as the main factor, rotation as the supplement, and strive to achieve fast break in the competition. If you can't fast break, you can lock in with your opponent at a certain speed, and then turn to fast break to play the speed, which enriches and develops the fast break style to a certain extent.
However, on the way forward, China table tennis team also has some shortcomings and deficiencies, which are mainly manifested in the lack of solid basic skills in various styles of play, poor ability to deal with loop ball and poor physical fitness. In particular, there is no big innovation in fast-break play, no big breakthrough in key technologies, and the development of technology and play is correspondingly slow, which is one of the reasons why men's events were frustrated in the 35th competition.
From the positive and negative experiences and lessons, we realize that table tennis technology is developing constantly. We should not only insist on taking myself as the main factor, but also seriously absorb the advantages of foreign countries and constantly enrich and develop our own methods. Only in this way can we overcome difficulties and win in the competition.
At the 199 1 World Table Tennis Championships held in Chiba, China's head coach was changed from Xu Shaofa to Yun Enting. Dortmund's defeat two years ago made China realize the backwardness of fast-break technology. In this World Table Tennis Championships, Ma and Wang Tao of China Men's Team are straight, and only Shen Tong, who finished third in men's singles in the last World Table Tennis Championships, is straight. However, this horizontal racket team failed to bring dawn to the confused China team. In front of the Czech team in the 1/4 final, the China men's team stopped and finally won the seventh place in the group. What is even more distressing is that Chen Zhibin's forehand arc can't pull the backhand pocket of North Korea's Kim Seung-hee. Compared with other countries in the world, the backward level of men's table tennis skills in China has dropped to the lowest point in history. Sweden has grown into the strongest men's table tennis team in the world. They not only won the men's team championship, but also won the gold medals in men's singles and men's doubles. The men's team in China lost, and the women's team in China lost to the Korean-Korean United Team in the team final, so they had to give up 1975 and settle in the Colombian Cup in China. But it was at this World Table Tennis Championships that Deng Yaping, a legend of China women's team, began the process of sweeping the world of women's table tennis. Although Deng Yaping lost to North Korean star Yu Shunfu in the women's team final, she won the women's singles championship. Since then, the world women's table tennis has entered the "Deng Yaping era". In addition, at this World Table Tennis Championships, Chen/Gao Jun and Wang Tao/Wei Liu also won the women's doubles and mixed doubles titles for China respectively. Although some gains were made in individual events, both men's and women's teams lost, especially the men's team fell to the seventh place, which cast a gray color on the China team returning from Chiba, and the China table tennis team entered an extremely difficult period.
China table tennis team in trouble is pregnant with new hope. Under the strong recommendation of Xu Shaofa, 1989 Cai Zhenhua, who returned from Italy, took on the important task of the men's team coach at this time. He led the China table tennis team forward in the mud, and people are full of expectations for this team, hoping that it can return to the top of the world as soon as possible. In the second World Cup team competition held that year, China men's team defeated Sweden in the final and won the men's team championship.
A group of young players represented by Kong and Wei Liu are gradually maturing. 1992 At the China Grand Prix held in Chengdu, Liu Yi, who was only 16 years old, stunned four seats with a stroke of "straight hand and horizontal stroke". He defeated Waldner, Kim Choe-soo and other world famous players in this competition, and China's traditional straight fast attack style rekindled new hope.
1992 At the Barcelona Olympic Games, Cai Zhenhua decided to take the men's doubles as a breakthrough, and the important task of winning the championship fell on Wang Tao/Lv Lin. As expected, they defeated the German famous Roskov/Fitzner in the final and won the championship. This Olympic gold medal sounded the clarion call for the revival of the China Men's Team. Deng Yaping also won two gold medals in women's singles and women's doubles in this competition, becoming the most dazzling star in table tennis at Barcelona Olympic Games.
1993 The 42nd World Table Tennis Championships was held in Gothenburg. Men's team competition is the most concerned. In the final, China joined forces with the old enemy Sweden, and the final lineup of China was Wang Hao, Ma and Wang Tao. Considering that experienced Wang Hao can't score two points alone, the coaching staff listed him as the first main force, while Ma, who is at the peak, listed him as the second main force. Unexpectedly, Wang Hao played against Sweden's No.2 main force Karlsson in the first set, and the two reached the deciding game. Wang Hao played too conservatively with a lead of 19: 16, and Carlson won by chasing five points. In the second set, Ma easily defeated Waldner. In the third set, Wang Tao lost to persson. In the fourth set, Wang Hao, who was under too much psychological pressure, failed to resist the impact of Waldner, and China missed the championship again. Cai Zhenhua, the coach standing on the podium of the runner-up, was dissatisfied. He told reporters: I really want to take Sweden off the podium and play another game.
At the 42nd World Table Tennis Championships, a new term entered people's field of vision: overseas corps. The overseas corps here refers to people who go out from China to represent other associations in international competitions. Most of them have developed solid basic skills and high competitive level in China, and are familiar with the skills and tactics of domestic players. For a period of time, they threatened China players more than foreign players. In the women's singles competition of this World Table Tennis Championships, Qiao Hong, the 40th World Table Tennis Championships champion, and Deng Yaping, the 4 1 World Table Tennis Championships champion, were eliminated by Germany and New respectively.
There are many reasons for the formation of overseas corps. 1994 He Zhili, who played for the Japanese team at the Hiroshima Asian Games, was the most impressive. Some fans still clearly remember the harsh "yo-hee" sound at that time. He Zhili, who was the champion of women's singles in the 39th World Table Tennis Championships, has changed her name to Xiao Shanzhi and played for the Japanese team. In the women's singles final, she unexpectedly defeated Deng Yaping to win the championship.
1995, the 43rd World Table Tennis Championships kicked off in Tianjin. This is the second World Table Tennis Championships held in China after the 26th World Table Tennis Championships held in Beijing 196 1. The China men's team, with the right time, location and people, vowed to play a beautiful turnaround at home. At this time, the China men's team not only has veteran Ma and Wang Tao whose skills and tactics are quite mature, but also has teenager Liu Hekong who is eager to try his hand in the world series. In addition, at the World Table Tennis Championships, China also presented a secret weapon: Ding Song's chop. Ding Song holds the racket in his right hand, with reverse glue on the front and positive glue on the back. The cut rotating ball and non-rotating ball are very stable and have strong attack power.
China men's team successfully reached the final, and the opponent was Sweden. The lineup of China team is Ma, Wang Tao and Ding Song. In the game, Ding Song really played the role of raiders. After the first two sets were tied, he easily broke through Carlson's defense and took the lead for China. In the end, China defeated Sweden 3-2 and won the Swahilin Cup again. This day made China wait for six years.
Encouraged by the men's team's comeback, the China team reappeared the glory of the 36th World Table Tennis Championships at this World Table Tennis Championships, and won all seven championships again, among which Deng Yaping won three gold medals in women's team, women's singles and women's doubles. Wang Tao/Wei Liu won the mixed doubles championship for the third time in a row. To this end, ITTF specially presented a fake Khdusek Cup to China to commemorate their achievements. Young Kong and Liu joined hands in the men's singles final, and Kong finally won the championship, which is also the first singles world champion won by China men's horizontal bar. China's horizontal bar technology is fully mature.
With the help of the 43rd session, 1996, China table tennis team went to the Atlanta Olympic Games and won all four gold medals again. In the men's singles final, young player Liu beat his brother Wang Tao to win the championship. At this point, the younger generation of players in China have fully matured. Two rounds and two matches made China once again set off a table tennis craze, and the appearance of young players such as Kong and Liu brought China table tennis into the idol era.
1997 The 44th World Table Tennis Championships returned to Manchester, England, the birthplace of table tennis. Here, China won six gold medals, only the men's singles champion was won by Waldner of Sweden. At the 1998 Asian Games in Bangkok, China once again lost the gold medal in men's singles, while South Korean star Kim Choe-soo showed great courage in this Asian Games, defeating Kong and Liu successively to win the men's singles championship. Young Wang Nan won four gold medals in women's team, women's singles, women's doubles and mixed doubles in this Asian Games, filling the vacancy of the first main force of China women's team after Deng Yaping retired.
65438-0999 The 45th World Table Tennis Championships was originally planned to be held in Yugoslavia, but NATO's bombing of Yugoslavia forced the World Table Tennis Championships to be rescheduled. Ping-pong, which was originally a messenger of peace, was disturbed by the war this time. 1In August, 1999, the 45th World Table Tennis Championships was held in Eindhoven, the Netherlands, and China won all five gold medals. In the men's singles final of this World Table Tennis Championships, Liu defeated teammate Marin in five games and won the men's singles championship. At this point, Liu became the second Grand Slam player in the world table tennis after Waldner.
In April 2000, the 45th World Table Tennis Championships was held in Kuala Lumpur. China women's team won the championship successfully, but Liu, the main player of the men's team, performed abnormally. In the final against Sweden, he lost to Waldner and persson successively, and one lost two points in a row, which led to China's bitter loss of the Swirling Cup. Prior to this, Liu had played against Waldner six times and never lost. Half a year later, people learned that Liu was suspected of taking illegal drugs because of a urine test. After half a year's examination, he finally proved his innocence. While waiting for Liu to be innocent, I felt unprecedented pressure.
From June 65438+1 October1day, 2000, ITTF changed the diameter of the competition ball to 40mm. This reform has a great impact on the existing table tennis technology, which will definitely eliminate a number of athletes and bring table tennis into a new era. In September, 2000, Sydney Olympic Games was the last game in the era of small ball. In this Olympic Games, China table tennis team won the gold medal again, and Kong defeated Waldner in the men's singles final, becoming the third grand slam winner of table tennis in the world.
The era of small ball is over, and the China table tennis team, which is at its peak, has drawn a satisfactory full stop for its own era of small ball. A month later, the first world competition in the Big Ball era: the Men's Football World Cup started in Yangzhou, China. China's Marin, who failed to make the Sydney Olympic team, won the World Cup and became the first world champion in the big ball era. This gold medal also indicates that the China table tennis team will continue to be brilliant and glorious when it enters the big ball era.