One of the long summers in 24 solar terms is the long summer solar term when the sun reaches 45 on May 5th or 6th every year. China has been used to long summer as the day of long summer since ancient times. Astronomically, Chang Xia said that bidding farewell to spring is the beginning of summer. When the temperature rises obviously, the summer heat approaches, thunderstorms increase, and crops enter the peak season, people are used to treating long summer as an important solar term.
The long summer solar term was established at the end of the Warring States period (239 BC), indicating the change of seasons, and it was the day when the four seasons were divided into summers according to the lunar calendar in ancient times.
"Twenty-four solar terms" said: "It was also the beginning of long summer, when Xia Zhishi was established and everything was false." The "false" here, that is, "big", means that the plants sown in spring have grown upright. Yi Wei has a long summer's theory of "seeing with electricity" But as far as the south is concerned, even in the northwest of South China, where the first thunderstorm is the latest, the perennial thunderstorm began in the middle of April, and it is not necessary to wait until the long summer.
"Su Wen Si Qi Qu Zi Spirit" says: "Xia San month, this is called anti-Hugh; Heaven and earth are in harmony, and everything is flashy. " Summer March refers to the six solar terms from Long Summer to beginning of autumn, including Long Summer, Xiaoman, Mangzhong, Summer Solstice, Small Summer and Great Summer.
According to the standard of climatology, summer begins when the average temperature of that day rises above 22℃. Before and after the "Long Summer", only the area south of Fuzhou-Nanling Line really entered the summer in China, while some areas in the northeast and northwest just entered the spring at this time, and the average temperature in most parts of the country was around 18-20℃.
The temperature in the rest of South China is about 20℃; The low-altitude valley felt hot in summer as early as mid-April, and the temperature in long summer was above 24℃.
In the long summer, everything is thriving. The book "Eight Chapters of Lotus Life" written by the Ming Dynasty said: "On the day of summer dream, heaven and earth began to merge and everything was beautiful." At this time, the summer harvest crops entered the late growth stage, the winter wheat blossomed and filled, the rape was close to maturity, and the summer harvest crops were basically a foregone conclusion that year. Therefore, there is a saying in agricultural proverbs that "see summer in the long summer". Rice planting and management of other spring-sown crops have also entered a busy season.
According to records, during the Zhou Dynasty, on the day of long summer, the emperor personally led hundreds of civil and military officials to the suburbs to "welcome summer" and instructed Si Tuleideng and other officials to encourage farmers to work hard.
After the long summer, Jiangnan officially entered the rainy season, and the rainfall and rainy days increased significantly. Continuous rainy days not only caused wet damage to crops. It will also cause the prevalence of many diseases. The heading and flowering period of wheat is the most susceptible period to scab. If warm but rainy weather is expected in the future, close attention should be paid to spraying chemicals from the early flowering period to the full flowering period. Cotton in southern China often causes outbreaks of anthracnose, damping-off and other diseases under the weather conditions of continuous rain or sudden warming and cold, resulting in large-scale dead seedlings and lack of seedlings. Necessary measures to increase temperature and reduce humidity should be taken in time, combined with chemical control to protect seedlings and strive for strong seedlings.
"There are many kinds of seedlings in the long summer, and more millet is harvested in Man Cang". It is the season of transplanting early rice in the north and south of the Yangtze River before and after the long summer. Full-moon seedlings can be planted, but full-moon grass can't be planted. At this time, the temperature is still low. Immediately after planting seedlings, we should strengthen management, topdressing early, ploughing early, controlling pests early and promoting development early. Pay close attention to tail sweeping when sowing mid-season rice. At this time, the spring shoots of tea trees develop fastest. If we ignore them, tea leaves will get old. As the saying goes, "Grain Rain picks less, but doesn't pick it in the long summer", so we should concentrate our efforts and harvest it by surprise in batches.
Before and after the long summer, the temperature in North China and Northwest China rose rapidly, but the precipitation was still not much. In addition, the wind is strong and evaporation is strong in spring. Atmospheric dryness and soil drought often seriously affect the normal growth of crops. Especially, the dry hot wind before and after wheat filling and milk ripening is an important disastrous weather that leads to yield reduction, and timely irrigation is the key measure for drought resistance and disaster prevention. "hoes are everywhere for three days in the long summer", when weeds grow rapidly. "Don't mow the grass for one day, and don't mow it for three days." Intertillage weeding can not only weed, resist drought and prevent waterlogging, but also increase the ground temperature and accelerate the decomposition of soil nutrients, which is of great significance to promote the robust growth of crops such as cotton, corn, sorghum and peanuts at seedling stage.
Long summer agricultural proverbs
Go to the long summer in the farming season, check the seedlings and make up the seedlings.
Grain and cotton crops frequently loosen the soil, and herbicides take root under the soil.
Rice transplanting is a surprise, and the season cannot be delayed.
Continue to plant corn and peanuts, kenaf, turmeric and sesame.
Millet is planted on the idle land, and sweet potato is planted on the south slope and the north depression.
Wheat is watered with flowering and filling water to prevent rust and wheat aphid.
Apples and pears are early and thin, and the fruits are large and dense.
Timely prevention and control of jujube koji is generally not suitable for long summer.
Cattle, donkeys, mules and horses should be well fed, and epidemic prevention should be strengthened and checked frequently.
Serving needs science, and strength and speed should be skillfully coordinated.
Little pigs move, big pigs are quiet.
Still water carp and flowing catfish feed fish, turtles and shrimps scientifically.
The long summer wheat will be pulled out in January.
Long summer wheat is grinning, and it can't be short of water.
In the long summer, the weather is cool and the wheat harvest is strong.
The whole long summer is cloudy, with honey insects (wheat aphids) and jaundice (rust).
The weather is dry before and after the long summer, and fire dragons are often indispensable.
Wheat flowering worms grow up and kill their larvae in the long summer.
Peas grow in summer and branch every night.
Long summer potato.
During the Qingming period, rain flowers were planted in grains, and sweet potatoes were planted before and after the long summer.
In the long summer, sesame seeds are full of valleys.
Corn in long summer and valleys in Grain Rain.
Mung beans grow in summer.
When the season goes to long summer, plant millet first and then hemp.
Side marijuana was planted around the long summer.
Long summer grows hemp with seven strands and eight branches.
Before and after the long summer, we grow melons and beans.
Grow ginger in summer, and harvest "Niang" in summer until the sun.
Summer sowing grew rice and Xiaoman planted sesame seeds.
Chang Xia is hoeing the ground for three days.
Dig out the seedlings when the solar term comes to long summer.
The 24 Solar Terms
Beginning of spring | Spring Rain | Equinox | Qingming | Grain Rain
Summer is long and summer is long | Xiaoman | Mangzhong | Summer Solstice | Little Summer | Big Summer
Beginning of autumn | long summer | White Dew | Autumn Equinox | Cold Dew | First Frost
Beginning of winter | light snow | heavy snow | winter solstice | slight cold | great cold