Blueberry fruit is blue, nearly round, with a single fruit weight of 0.5-2.5g and a maximum of 3.5-5.0g It has delicate pulp, tiny seeds, moderate sweet and sour taste and pleasant aroma. It can be eaten fresh and processed into fruit juice drinks, fruit wine drinks and nutritious blueberry fruits. According to the analysis and determination of 14 varieties of blueberry fruits imported from the United States, every100g of blueberry fresh fruit contains 400-700 mg of protein, 500-600 mg of fat, 0/2.3-15.3 mg of carbohydrate and 864 mg of vitamin A. Trace elements are also very high. Each gram of fresh fruit contains 220-920 micrograms of calcium, 98-274 micrograms of phosphorus, 0/14-249 micrograms of magnesium, 2. 1-4.3 micrograms of zinc, 7.6-30.0 micrograms of iron and 0.8-/kloc of germanium.
It is precisely because blueberry fruit is rich in nutrition that it is a nutritious and healthy fruit with high contents of amino acids, zinc, calcium, iron, copper and vitamins. It not only has good nutrition and health care function, but also has the functions of preventing brain nerve aging, strengthening heart, resisting cancer, softening blood vessels and enhancing human immunity. Its nutritional value is much higher than that of apples, grapes, oranges and other fruits, and it is called "the king of fruits in the world". It is the fastest growing third-generation fruit tree variety in the world in recent years, which integrates nutrition and health care, and is now popular in Europe and America.
First, the market prospect of blueberries
By the end of 1980s, the planting area of American blueberries had reached nearly 200,000 hectares, forming a huge blueberry industry integrating blueberry planting, fruit storage and processing, and marketing. Blueberries produced in the United States are not only supplied to China, but also exported to Canada, Japan, Taiwan Province Province of China and Europe. The price of blueberry fresh fruit is very expensive in the international market, the price per 500g is about 10, and the price of bulk fresh fruit is 4-5 USD per 500g. At present, nearly 20 countries and regions in the world have started industrialized cultivation of blueberries, which has a large market capacity and is in a state of short supply.
1998, China introduced 14 blueberry varieties from the United States and achieved success. A series of blueberry varieties suitable for planting in various climatic conditions in China have been cultivated. It provides provenance guarantee for establishing the annual production and supply cultivation system of American blueberries. As American blueberries first landed in China, the planting area was less than 667xl02 meters. It can be predicted that if 667 square meters of blueberries are planted, the yield is calculated as 1.500 kg, and the market price (fresh fruit) is 500 g 10 yuan, and the income of 667 square meters will reach 30,000 yuan. Its economic benefit is very remarkable, which is more than 20 times that of popular varieties such as apples and peaches. Planting blueberries will surely become a new industry to get rich quickly.
Second, the cultivation points of American blueberries
American blueberries are shrubs, each cluster should have 25-30 fruiting branches, which will blossom and bear fruit in the next year, but the yield is small. In the third year, they have an appropriate output. In the fifth year, it entered the high-yield period, with a life span of 50 years, an average yield of 3-6 kilograms per plant and an average fruit weight of 2 grams. Generally, about 500 plants are planted in 667 square meters, and the average yield is 1500-2000 kg.
American blueberries are adaptable and like acidic soil. Generally, the pH value of soil is required to be 4.5-5.5. The soil should be soft, the organic matter content is generally 8%- 12%, and it likes to be wet and has poor drought resistance. Its main cultivated variety is high bush blueberry, with a plant height of about 2 meters, which can withstand the low temperature of -25-30℃ and is suitable for cultivation in the Yangtze River basin in China, with a general value of 300 plants of 667 square meters. Semi-high cluster blueberry, plant height 1.0- 1.2m, low temperature tolerance of -35-38℃, suitable for cultivation in North China, Northwest China, Northeast China and other regions, with 500 plants planted in 667 square meters generally; Dwarf blueberries, with a plant height of 0.5 meters, can withstand low temperature above -40℃, generally 600-800, with a fixed value of 667 square meters, suitable for cold cultivation. American blueberry production basically does not use chemical fertilizer, and all use bio-organic fertilizer. Propagation techniques can be carried out by means of root tiller propagation, root strip propagation, cutting propagation and tissue culture.
Fungal diseases, bacterial diseases and nematodes are the causes of blueberry diseases. China is a newly introduced and cultivated area. After more than two years of production observation and practice, no pests and diseases have been found.
Blueberry belongs to berry fruit, and the fruit has strong storage resistance. At the room temperature of 18-26℃, fresh fruits in small packages (small food boxes) can be stored for 2 weeks without changing their original flavor. If stored at low temperature, its shelf life will be longer.