Portrait of Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty
Evaluation of Hongzhi Zhongxing No.1: When Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty succeeded to the throne, his father Ming Xianzong left a mess of domestic troubles and foreign invasion. After the reign of Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty, strict reforms were carried out, which made the declining national situation in Ming Dynasty stronger. By the end of Emperor Xiaozong of the Ming Dynasty, the treasury of the Ming Dynasty was full and the people lived a rich life, which was called living and working in peace and contentment. Therefore, historians call the reign of Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty "Hongzhi and Zhongxing".
Hongzhi Zhongxing Evaluation 2: During the reign of Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty, due to the weakening of eunuch disorder, some measures were taken to develop the economy, save the crisis, and ease social contradictions, which led to a relatively stable period, rapid social and economic development and clear politics. A commendable situation of governing the country and leveling the world appeared in the Ming Dynasty, which made the Ming Dynasty present a prosperous scene.
Evaluation of Hongzhi Zhongxing III: Historians of later generations believe that the Ming Dynasty has inherited sixteen generations, but the only emperors worthy of it are Ming Taizu, Ming Chengzu, Ming Xiaozong, Ming Renzong and Ming Xuanzong. It can be seen that the evaluation of the rule of Xiao Zong in Ming Dynasty is quite high, even comparable to that of the founding emperor.
In short, Hongzhi Zhongxing can be said to have saved the decay of the Ming Dynasty, which is a rare peaceful and prosperous time in the Ming Dynasty. Of course, the contribution of filial piety in this prosperous time can not be ignored, but it can not be completely attributed to the strength of one person. It can be said that it was created by the strength of a group. This is a prosperous scene of the revival of the traditional vitality of Confucian culture in China.
Hongzhi Zhongxing Background Hongzhi Zhongxing refers to the reign of Emperor Xiaozong in Ming Dynasty, that is, from 1488 to 1505. This period was named Hongzhi, during which various reforms were carried out under the rule of Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty. The national politics is clear, the economy is prosperous, the people are rich and the world is well-off. Later historians called the prosperous scene of this period "Hongzhi". Let's talk about the background of Hongzhi's rejuvenation.
Portrait of Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty
In the 23rd year of Chenghua, namely 1487, Ming Xianzong died, and 18-year-old Prince Zhu Youtang succeeded to the throne. The following year, his title was changed to Hongzhi, and Zhu Youtang was also known as Ming Xiaozong and hongzhi emperor. From this year on, Zhu Youtang, Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty, made great efforts to reform actively. Finally, during his reign, Hongzhi was revived.
In fact, Ming Xianzong, the father of Ming Xiaozong, left him an optimistic situation. At that time, there was already a large deficit in the national finance. This is because a large-scale Jingxiang Refugee Uprising and Yao and Zhuang Uprising took place in Datengxia area in Ming Dynasty. In order to suppress the peasant uprising, the state needs to spend a lot of military expenditure, resulting in a decrease in state savings. At the same time, the imperial bureaucracy was corrupt and the administrative efficiency was extremely poor. Officials at all levels, from the central government to local governments, are muddling along with state wages. At the same time, there are many natural disasters in the country. Sichuan, Henan, Shaanxi and other places have experienced different degrees of disasters, and people have been displaced. The rule of the Ming dynasty not only faced domestic troubles and foreign invasion, but also foreign invasion was very serious. From the early years of Chenghua, the Tatars, the leader of the Mongolian Tatar Department, successively entered the Hetao area of the Ming Dynasty, and based in the Hetao area, they constantly harassed the border areas of the Ming Dynasty. The Ming dynasty sent troops to conquer many times, but the Tatar ministries often made a comeback, which made the border of the Ming dynasty troublesome.
From the background of Hongzhi Zhongxing, it can be seen that the situation of the Ming Dynasty when Xiaozong succeeded to the throne was not optimistic, and it was regarded as a mess with both internal and external troubles. However, this kind of chaos shows the situation of Hongzhi and Zhongxing under Xiaozong's rule, which shows that Xiaozong's ability is really extraordinary.
Hongzhi Zhongxing Measures Hongzhi Zhongxing refers to the reign of Xiaozong in Ming Dynasty. Zhu Youtang succeeded to the throne at the age of eighteen. After he succeeded to the throne, he actively abolished bad politics and carried out reforms, which finally made the Ming Dynasty a ruling situation with political clarity, social stability, economic prosperity and people living and working in peace and contentment. So it shows that Emperor Xiaozong is really a rare wise monarch. Let's talk about what measures Hongzhi Zhongxing has.
Portrait of Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty
Measure 1 of Hongzhi's rejuvenation: Politically, Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty actively carried out reforms. The first thing he did was to straighten out the bureaucracy. Through the rectification movement, upright and upright ministers were promoted and given the opportunity to display their talents. Those officials who got ahead by flattery were demoted, and those who were guilty were punished as they deserved. Through the rectification of official management during the reign of Xiaozong in the Ming Dynasty, it became clean and honest. At the same time, Ming Xiaozong is very demanding of himself. It can be said that he is diligent and honest, and many talents have used it. Ming Xiaozong was a generous and kind monarch. At the same time, Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty practiced frugality and set an example. At the same time, he attached importance to the legal system and promulgated important codes.
The second measure of Hongzhi's revival: militarily, Ming Xiaozong defeated Turpan, recovered the land west of Jiayuguan and managed Hami. Ming Xiaozong also built the Great Wall to resist Mongolia. Ming Xiaozong also cared for his military commanders, defeated the little prince of Tatar and promulgated the Strong Civil Law.
The third measure of Hongzhi's revival: diplomatically, Ming Xiaozong pursued a peaceful foreign policy and adopted a strategy of actively defending against the war of resistance. They didn't pursue the little prince Tatar of Mongolia, they just drove him away. Annan, Siam, Ryukyu, Zhancheng, Samarkand, Hora Zagreb, Java, Japan and other affiliated countries came to pay tribute to the Ming Dynasty from time to time.
Measure 4: Economically, Ming Xiaozong saw that people's lives were not easy, so he reduced or exempted taxes, carried out economic reforms and built water conservancy projects, which made the country prosperous, the population increased and the national fiscal revenue increased.
Five strategies for Hongzhi's rejuvenation: During the reign of Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty, the Yellow River and Huaihe River were actively regulated, reducing water pollution. At the same time, Jiangnan was also rectified. In the next 200 years, the south of the Yangtze River will be almost a land of plenty, ensuring a bumper harvest in drought and flood.
The sixth measure of Hongzhi's revival: Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty implemented a positive ethnic policy, implemented an enlightened support policy for * *, and strengthened the management of * * *.
What's the difference between Hongzhi Zhongxing and Wan Li Zhongxing? Hongzhi Zhongxing refers to the peaceful and prosperous period of Xiaozong in Ming Dynasty. Hongzhi Zhongxing has the title of eighteen years, so Hongzhi Zhongxing refers to the period of peace and prosperity during these eighteen years. Wanli Zhongxing refers to the reign of Ming Shenzong. Because its title is Wanli, later historians call the flourishing age of Ming Shenzong Wanli as Zhongxing. What's the difference between Hongzhi Zhongxing and Wan Li Zhongxing? Although they are both peaceful and prosperous times, there are many differences in reasons and effects.
Portrait of Emperor Wanli
What's the difference between Hongzhi Zhongxing and Wan Li Zhongxing? First of all, the two are different from those who advocate change. Hongzhi Zhongxing was promoted by Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty, but Ming Shenzong, the emperor at the beginning of Wanli Zhongxing, was still a child, only ten years old. It was Prime Minister Zhang, as the minister of auxiliary government, who vigorously promoted the reform measures, which made people different.
Judging from the inheritance relationship between the two, Hongzhi Zhongxing started on the basis of internal troubles and foreign invasion, and the national situation declined. It can be said that it is a bit dead, but Zhang, the promoter of ZTE in Wanli period, was appointed as assistant minister when the father of Emperor Wanli died. Therefore, the contribution of Wanli Zhongxing should be shared by the father of Wanli Emperor.
The influence of the two is also different. Wan Li ZTE's performance is much higher than Hongzhi ZTE's, which happened in 1488- 1505, and Wan Li ZTE happened in 1572- 1620. No matter the duration or influence, Wan Li Zhongxing is higher than Hongzhi Zhongxing.
Hongzhi Zhongxing was a feudal dynasty, but Wanli Zhongxing sprouted capitalism and appeared capitalist democratic thought. The prosperous economy makes capitalism grow and develop, and forms a citizen class. Wanli Zhongxing is not only prosperous in society, but also has many thinkers, and many aspects such as literature and art have been greatly developed.