Musical instrument history

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Erhu began in the Tang Dynasty and has a history of 1000 years. It originated from a minority in northern China in ancient times, and was called "Western Qin" at that time. Chen Yi, a scholar in the Song Dynasty, recorded the poem of Cen Can, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, "Only drinkers return to camp and play the mandolin, guitar and harp", which indicated that it had begun to spread in the Tang Dynasty and was the general name of Chinese and western stringed instruments and plucked instruments.

In Song Dynasty, Hu Qin was called "Qin Qin". At the end of the Song Dynasty, Chen, a scholar, recorded that it was originally written by Ji Kang in The Stone Forest, hence the name. Shen Kuo, a great scholar in the Song Dynasty, recorded in "Bubi Tan Yuelu": "At Xining Middle School, there was a palace banquet, and Yan Xu, an actor of Jiaofang, played Qin Qin and finished the song with only one string." It shows that there was a high level of performance in the Northern Song Dynasty. When Yan Xu played Qin Qin for the emperor's ministers, he broke one string and still finished the music with another. It is impossible without skilled skills. Later, Shen Kuo recorded in "Meng Qian Bi Tan" that "ponytail huqin followed Han Dong, and he felt sorry for himself. If you don't shoot a swallow with a bow, the geese won't send out today. " This shows that there was a ponytail huqin in the Northern Song Dynasty.

The principle of making the huqin is further elaborated in the History of Rites and Music in the Yuan Dynasty, saying that "the huqin system is like fire without thinking, rolling the faucet, pressing the second string with the bow, and tying the ponytail with the bow". By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Huqin had spread all over the country before it became the main instrument of folk opera accompaniment and instrumental ensemble.

In modern times, Huqin changed its name to Erhu. For more than half a century, the erhu performance level has entered a prosperous period. Mr Liu Tianhua is the originator of modernism. Drawing lessons from the playing techniques and techniques of western musical instruments, he boldly and scientifically positioned the erhu as five, thus expanding the range of erhu, enriching its expressive force and establishing new artistic connotation. As a result, erhu stood out from folk accompaniment and became a unique solo instrument, which laid the foundation for entering concert halls and conservatories in the future.

After the founding of New China, national folk music developed rapidly. In order to explore the artistic treasures of folk artists, the erhu music of folk artists such as Hua and Liu Beimao was arranged and recorded, which made the erhu playing art develop rapidly like mushrooms after rain. In 1950s and 1960s, Aring Zhang, Shao Zhang, Wang Yi and other erhu educators and performers emerged. Under their influence, new erhu players have been trained, such as Min Huifen and Wang Guotong. Erhu composer Liu's "Capriccio of the Great Wall" has fully exerted the expressive force of Erhu and made innovations to make Erhu glow with new vitality and splendor.

Musical instrument structure

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The erhu is relatively simple in structure, consisting of barrel, rod, skin, shaft, string, bow, jack, bridge horse and bow hair. Functions of various parts of erhu:

The erhu component consists of nine main parts, and its functions are introduced as follows:

A piano barrel: it is an important part of erhu. Through the push-pull movement of the bow, it vibrates the singing body of the piano skin after wiping the strings. The texture and shape of piano barrel have a direct impact on the volume and sound quality. Generally made of rosewood or mahogany. Shapes are hexagonal, octagonal, round, front octagonal and back round. Hexagons are commonly used. There is a sound window (usually a carved wooden window) embedded in the back of the barrel, which not only plays a decorative role in the barrel, but also has certain benefits for pronunciation, sound transmission and sound filtering.

B Piano leather: There are two kinds of python skin and snake skin, and python skin is the best. It is an important pronunciation of erhu and the key to vibration source, which directly affects the sound quality and volume.

C piano pole: it is the pillar of erhu, and it is the trunk. It not only plays an auxiliary role in connecting the preceding with the following, but also has a certain influence on the overall vibration pronunciation. Some materials used to make piano poles are ebony, ebony or mahogany. Generally, mahogany is used more. Mahogany is cheap and has a certain tensile strength.

D Piano Axis: There are two axes (also called Qin Zi) to adjust the pitch. The upper shaft is bound with rubber inner rope, and the lower shaft is bound with twisted outer rope. There are two kinds of piano shafts: wooden shaft and mechanical shaft, both of which have their own advantages and disadvantages. The wooden shaft is stable after tuning, and it is not easy to go out of tune, but the string is tight and loose, so it is difficult to tune. The mechanical shaft can be tuned quickly and freely, and the pitch is good. However, at present, the production quality is not completely up to standard, and sometimes it will be loose and slippery, which will easily lead to the strings out of tune.

Types of piano shafts: bronze and wood.

E bow: it is an important tool for erhu pronunciation, and consists of two parts: the bow stem and the bow hair. The bow pole is made of superior purple bamboo with moderate thickness. The hardness and elasticity of the bow will directly affect the playing effect. Bow hair used to be made of nylon and horse hair, and ponytails are mostly used. White ponytails are the best, followed by black ponytails. Generally, fine purple bamboo is used to tie the ponytail, and one end is equipped with a live screw (bow fish) to adjust the tightness of bow hair. F-string: it is one of the pronunciation styles of Qin and one of the sound sources of Erhu. Its quality directly affects the pronunciation effect. At present, there are two kinds of strings: one is metal string, which has the characteristics of good tension, good sound quality, good pitch and high sensitivity, and is divided into aluminum string and silver string, with silver string being the best; The other is the silk string, which sounds softer and more delicate than the metal string, but the potential is poor and the pitch is poor, so it is easy to break. Nowadays, metal strings are mostly used.

G Qianjin: Also known as Qianjin, it plays the role of fixing and cutting the erhu strings. It also has a certain influence on pitch. It is made of cotton thread, silk thread, plexiglass, plastic and other materials. Its forms are various, including fixed jack, wire wound jack, metal jack and so on. More commonly used are thousands of pairs of gold wrapped in red.

H Qinma: It is the medium of vibration between strings and skin and plays an important role in pronunciation. It uses wood, bamboo, metal and paper. , commonly used are pine knot horses and maple wooden horses. The pine-knotted horse has soft wood, mellow and honest pronunciation, and the maple wooden horse has moderate hardness, soft pronunciation and low noise. J piano holder: it is the base of the piano body, which plays a decorative and stable role. Some erhuqin stands are also equipped with adjustable pedals, which are adjusted with nylon buttons, making it more convenient to play.

maintain

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Bowstring instruments are mostly made of hardwood such as mahogany, which has a certain relationship with humidity. Hardwood has certain rigidity, high density and delicate wood. When the internal and external stresses of wood can not be balanced under the dry environment of air conditioning and heating system, the surface will have a burning sensation, and it will disappear after the humidity is stable. You can also hit it with sandpaper at 502, and polish it with wax if possible. Therefore, hardwood is plastic, but white wood will not appear this kind of situation, and its pine can easily achieve the balance of internal and external forces. We suggest that after the erhu is used, it is best to wipe off the rosin powder left on the piano with a soft cloth to avoid sticking to the wood and piano skin for a long time. The high-grade erhu made by us uses natural shellac to polish and clean the wooden surface, which is a traditional practice in Jiangnan area with a long history and high requirements for technicians. The purpose is to protect wood, improve the smoothness of wood and enhance the comfort of hand feeling. So just wipe the piano with a soft cloth and keep it clean. If you have time, you can apply some car wax or furniture wax to the wooden surface of the piano body, but you must clean it to avoid sticking your hands.

The maintenance of erhuqin leather goods is the most concerned issue for everyone. If properly maintained, erhuqin leather will have a long life as long as it is used frequently. Most of the erhu we saw were damaged due to improper storage and infrequent use. Regular use will keep the elasticity of leather, which is also its vitality. If we exercise as often as we do now, our health will be very good. The timbre of musical instruments is constantly being used and pulled out. It won't be good without pulling. Under normal use, it is also a kind of maintenance and maintenance of musical instruments. Proper use is also correct maintenance. There are many theoretical books or knowledge on the Internet that put forward some maintenance and treatment methods for the piano cover, but there is a gap between theory and practice after all, and sometimes the gap is not small.

I talk about some erhu skin care knowledge from the production of erhu. Take the erhu in Wan Chun as an example. The first process of piano leather is to shovel the leather, with the purpose of removing all the meat and sundries stuck to the leather. It is a critical and tiring process to shovel the skin evenly and properly. The second step is skinning, which aims to stretch python skin, remove its oiliness and make it stable. At this time, there is a key process, that is, ironing. Purpose of scalding skin: 1. It is to stabilize the skin and prevent the molded skin from shrinking again. It's beautiful, but the leather is shiny. 3. Prevent leather from getting wet. After the cover is completed, you can decide the purpose of the piano cover. The third way is lot skin. If the first two processes are completed, pave the road for the section skin to make the hexagon uniform and elastic. The difficulty is the matching of the leather and the tube. The piano tube should be treated according to the condition of the piano skin, and the piano skin should be selected according to the wood. From these processes, we can know two things: 1. Degreasing oil, greasy piano skin will seriously affect pronunciation, and it feels like a drop of oil on paper when looking at the light. 2. The leather surface has been treated. My grandfather, Zhou Rongting, began the process of skin plastic surgery and python skin secondary plastic surgery. The treatment of these processes will play a key role in the timbre and use of erhu.

In daily use, there is no need to grease leather, vaseline, etc. And there is no need to seal wax on the back of leather. It is normal for the scale to tilt, and the rolled scale will vibrate with the leather. And you can't stick it with glue. Leather should be breathable and natural, and will naturally adapt to the use environment, so erhu does have its aura. If the leather is sealed inside and outside, it will affect the vibration of the leather. After the piano cover is finished, it is not allowed to process the back of the piano cover, because scraping or grinding the back of the piano cover from the back of the piano barrel will lead to uneven thickness of the piano cover, which will seriously damage the piano cover. It is recommended that you do not try. The change of timbre should start with the string, piano code, daughter and sound pad (see the use and debugging of erhu). Knowing their functions and principles, you can debug them repeatedly and adjust your satisfactory ideal timbre.

When the erhu is not in use, put some moth-proof tablets, put some desiccants in places with high humidity, and often take the erhu out for air.

Famous actor

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Liu Tianhua (1894- 1932), Liu beimao (1903- 198 1), Liu Xiang (1963-), Liu chongzeng, (. Shen Xingyang, Wang Guotong (1939—), Wang Yongde, Wang Wenlong, Wang Mingyu, Wang Minghua, Li Yuanyuan (1976.9—), Li Jiaying, Li Fuhua, Jiang Kemei, Jiang Jianhua, Ma Xiaohui, Ma Xianghua, Chen Jun, Chen Yaoxing, Chen Shihan, Chen Chunyuan. Zhao Rongchun, Min Huifen, Liang, Gan Bolin, (1936 ——), He Chaobo,,, Yu Hongmei, Xu Jiangde, Lu Rirong, Jiang Fengzhi, Xiang Zuying, Wei Guanhua, Peng Yaoyun, Kong Yanyan, Wen Jinlong, Wen Xiaolong.

Famous artists and famous songs

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According to time and composer's way:

1920 to 1930 s

Liu Tianhua: There are ten famous erhu songs in Liu Tianhua, including Yin (19 15), moonlit night (19 18), empty mountain bird (19 18) and sorrow.

A Bing: Tingsong (1939), two springs reflecting the moon, the spring breeze is cold.

1950s

Liu: Erhu Concerto "Ballads of Northern Henan" (1959)

1960s

Liu: Erhu Opera Fantasia in Sanmenxia (1960, arranged by Chen Gang), Sunshine in Tashkurgan, and Butterfly Lovers Concerto.

Huang Haihuai: Rivers and rivers.

1970s

Lu Rirong: Mi Hu Tune, Capriccio of Shaanxi Opera, Happy Qinchuan, Flower Picking, Lullaby and Qujiang Yin.

Zhou Wei: The grapes are ripe.

1980s

Liu: Random thoughts on the Great Wall

Wu: Erhu Concerto "Capriccio of Hongmei"

Zhu Changyao: Spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, southern Jiangsu ditty, celebrating gongs and drums.

Chen Yaoxing: Horses gallop, and northern Shaanxi expresses its feelings.

Zhang Xiaofeng and Zhu Xiaogu: The Erhu Ballad "Newly Married" (1980)

Chen Gang and He: butterfly lovers

Tan Dun: Erhu and dulcimer duet "Double Que" (1984)

Chen Nengji: Erhu Concerto "When is the Bright Moon" (1988)

Ho: Erhu Concerto Gone with the Wind and Erhu Concerto Farewell to Love.

Yang Chunlin: Erhu Concerto for Two "Song of Eternal Sorrow"

Ho: Erhu Concerto Fantasia (1987)

Yan Huichang: Erhu and Fantasia of a Large National Orchestra (1987)

1990s

Wang Jianmin: Erhu Rhapsody No.1, Tianshan Style (1992), Erhu and Orchestra's Suzhou Tour (1995), Erhu Concerto Yang Guifei's Story (1998).

Gao Shaoqing: Capriccio.

Tan Dun: Fire Sacrifice (1995)

Yan Jiemin: Carmen Capriccio.

Huang Anlun: Erhu and Symphony Four Ancient Books in Dunhuang (1997)

Qu Chun: Nishang Song (Zhejiang Folk Music)

Wu Hua: Erhu and Ge Hu Concerto Fairy Fantasia (1995)

Huang Xiaofei: Erhu Concerto Spring in Love (1997), Erhu Concerto Song of Eternal Sorrow, Erhu Concerto Mother, Erhu and Piano Nostalgia, Erhu Concerto Six in the Snow.

Guan Ming: Orchid Narration

Jin Xiazai: Chunjiang Water Heating

Lv Lianghui: The Rhythm of Xinjiang Style

Gu: Erhu Concerto No.

Permits: Charm of Erhu and Piano (199 1), Missing of Erhu and Piano (1993), Lullaby (1996).

Wang Yanqiao: Erhu and Orchestral "A Hundred Birds Facing the Phoenix" (1990)

Rola Chen: Huqin Suite for Erhu and String Group (1998)

Musashi Waishan: Erhu and Orchestral Bridge (1998)

Yukio Matsuo's concerto Wind Love Dance and Harmony (1998) and Liang's erhu concerto Jiang Shangyun.

:: The 2000s

Liu: Erhu Suite "Dream of the Tathagata" (2002), Erhu and Pipa, and the band "Fire Woman in Colored Clothes" (Liu Wen's Golden Melody, Erhu: Wang Ying Pipa: Deng Le.

Liu Xuexuan), Erhu Concerto No.2, Erhu Concerto, Autumn in the Forest, Erhu and Sizhu Chamber Music, Second Bass Erhu and Nanguan Orchestra, Hong Kong Capital, Erhu and National Chamber Music.

Guan Naizhong: Erhu Concerto No.2-Beijing Dream

Lu Wei: Prince of Western Qin (2003)

Mo Fan: Huqin Concerto "Beijing Wind"

Tan Dun: Huqin Concerto Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2003)

Wang Jianmin: Erhu Rhapsody No.3, Erhu Rhapsody No.2.

Yang Qing: The Rhyme of Autumn

He Jing Jian Shu: Huang Shuiyun

Wang He: "Cut the window"

Permission: Desert Dunhuang (2004) and Huangsha Ancient Road (2004)

Yong Yang: Erhu and Cello Duet Hequ (200 1)

Cai Donghua: Erhu Concerto Gone with the Wind (2007), Erhu and Band Tour (2007), (Erhu, zhongruan, dulcimer, percussion), Sanshengshi (2007).

Yi Zhu: Erhu and Orchestral Style of the Western Regions (2004)

Wang Yanqiao: Erhu, Cello and Piano Trio "Morning in Artux" (200 1)

Adapted works

Childas (Vittorio Monti)

Song of the Wanderer (Barbro Sarasa)

Fishing boats sing late (Guan Wei, 2007)

China Flowers and Plants Liuban (Jiangnan Sizhu)

Variations on Rossini Theme (Paganini /90 Edition. )

Romance (Rubinstein/ed. 93)

On the wings of singing (Mendelssohn/1993)

"Nocturne" (Tchaikovsky /95) and so on.

Erhu making

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A famous manufacturer of erhu musical instruments

Lv Weikang, Wang Genxing, Wan Qixing, Xu, Lu, Weng Yongyi, Hu Hanrou, Gui Gensheng, Wang Tieshu, Ma.

Erhu education

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On the Combination of Erhu Tradition and Modernity: (Guan Wei)

There are two major trends in the field of erhu teaching today: on the one hand, most of the older generation pay attention to traditional teaching concepts. For example, teaching content, teaching methods and even styles, sects, performance characteristics and so on. When I came into contact with these "traditional styles", I realized the long-standing artistic expression charm of China erhu from them. Thousands of years of local customs are attributed to the combination of string and hand, and its deep connotation is beyond the reach of a few "modernists" ...

On the other hand, with the rapid development of society and national culture, in recent years, a number of young erhu rookies have emerged, which the author calls the "modernism" of erhu. These groups, full of vigor and vitality and completely influenced by the rapid development of culture and society in the new period, are mostly characterized by quick thinking, quick hands-on and strong technical adaptability in the process of learning erhu performance. So there are: the difficult performance of western music, in their hands ... seems to be beyond the reach of some respected predecessors. However, erhu is erhu, not western musical instruments such as violin and piano. Erhu itself can spread and develop so far because of its unique charm. Thousands of years of humanities, folk customs and vicissitudes have created the charm of erhu performance, which is inseparable from its long history. Without the precious foundation of tradition, erhu performance will inevitably be flashy and boring, and it will inevitably expose the immaturity of musical concepts. Development is good, progress is inevitable, and development and progress are aimed at originality. If it is completely out of the track, it will not be carried forward, but a "transformation." If you realize this, you will also feel that the "manual work" of the old-timers is beyond our power! Only on the basis of tradition, active reference, reasonable combination of Chinese and western, and combination of tradition and modernity can we conform to the inevitable law of the development of erhu playing art. Excerpted from [China Erhu Newsletter]

Playing skills

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Holding the piano in the left hand is a "tiger's mouth" riding on the piano rod, and the thumb is slightly bent. It is not allowed to bend up or down vertically to pinch the piano rod. The palm of your hand should be suspended to minimize the contact area between the tiger's mouth and the piano, which is conducive to the accuracy of finger pressing and the agility of changing handles or other skill exercises. The whole left hand should be relaxed, and the forearm naturally droops, making an angle of about 45 degrees with the piano rod. Some beginners often hold their arms high when holding the piano, and the whole left hand almost forms a plane with the shoulder, which is not only ugly, but also the arm is in a stiff state, and it is very passive and stiff to press the string and change the handle, so it is difficult to improve the fingering skills.

The hand shape of holding a bow in the right hand is similar to "holding chopsticks", and the basic principle is somewhat similar. The whole right hand cannot be tense and deadlocked, nor can it relax. The specific hand shape of holding the bow is: the wrist is naturally flat, the palm is left, the five fingers are slightly bent, the index finger and thumb hold the bow rod at the root of the bow, the middle finger and ring finger are juxtaposed between the bow hair and the bow rod, and the little finger is placed under the bow hair. The thumb and forefinger mainly pull the bow and run left and right to master the balance of the whole bow. The middle finger pulls the outer string mainly by pushing the bow rod, and the ring finger buckles the inner string mainly by pulling the bow hair.

Of course, the middle finger and the ring finger are placed between the arch shaft and the arch hair, which is just a general situation. If you play fast bow, broken bow and other bow skills on the outer string for a long time, it is best to temporarily withdraw the closed ring finger to make the whole right hand with bow more flexible. However, there are also some beginners, regardless of the specific situation, who are used to leaving only the middle finger or ring finger between the bow shaft and the bow hair when holding the bow, and the inner and outer strings are covered by this finger. This kind of string-changing trace is obvious and the pronunciation is stiff.

Some beginners put the middle finger and ring finger between the arch shaft and the arch hair. However, all the positions of holding the bow are moved to the place near the middle of the bow, which greatly wastes the fully available bow section. According to the lever principle, the shorter the power arm, the more difficult it is to make it work. Moving the bow grip to the left is equivalent to shortening the arm of force, which hinders the full play of erhu playing technology.

We should also pay attention to cultivating good playing habits when practicing the piano. When playing, the movements should be agile and accurate, the manners should be full and tidy, and the expressions should be natural and generous. Through the skillful playing movements and proper facial expressions of the players, the audience can understand the content of the music, so that the piano sound of the players and the voice of the audience can form a * * * sound. But don't pretend to be mysterious, or unconsciously lean forward and lean back, be moody, don't hum while pulling, don't beat time with your feet while pulling, and don't play the erhu with a cigarette or pipe.

Learning exchange community:

China Erhu Art Network

Baidu erhu bar /f? kw=%B6%FE%BA%FA

Hong kong erhu

erhu

Region: China and Hongkong (ATV)

Type: sitcom

Length: 60 episodes

Premiere: 2000

Producer: Zhang Jianting

Actor: John Chiang Tian Niu Joe Cheung Sun Jiajun

Plot introduction

The 60-episode large-scale sitcom "Erhu", which was produced by Emperor Film Group and spent 20 million yuan by ATV, will be broadcast grandly soon. Producer Zhang Jianting was in front of the stage and behind the scenes in hit the floor, and a strong lineup and creative comedies gathered in the Red Star Show in Hong Kong and Taiwan, which guaranteed to bring endless surprises to the audience.

Because the story of erhu is about the joys and sorrows of a bar-opening family and drinkers of different classes, the main venue has also moved to how to buy erhu.

Wood:

In terms of wood, the top grade is of course high-density mahogany. Rosewood, rosewood, rosewood, ebony and chicken wing wood are all acceptable, with rosewood being the best. Followed by Populus euphratica or Mu Xin, erhu made of other miscellaneous trees can only be practiced as beginners. Skin membrane:

The skin film on the erhu tube is python skin, with bright and clear color, even scales, smooth and oily, and moderate thickness as the top grade. The thickness and elasticity of python skin have great influence on the timbre of erhu. If it is too thick, it will vibrate slowly, and if it is too thin, it will make noise easily. If the piano is covered too tightly, the sound will be sharp and hard, and if it is covered too loosely, the sound will be dull and easy to collapse. Generally speaking, it is better to put a new python skin on the piano barrel. When you first use it, put some vegetable oil on the skin and don't loosen the strings after playing the piano. Play for two or three months every day, and the tension of the piano skin can reach a moderate level. At this time, you need to prepare a pencil as long as the horizontal plane of the piano barrel, and put it under the strings after using the piano to reduce the number of players. Also, if you buy a piano in the south and use it in the north, you should choose one with loose leather tension; If you buy a piano in the north and use it in the south, choose one with tight leather tension. The climate in the north of China is dry and the climate in the south is humid, so the skin film will change greatly under the influence of climate.

Pole: Pole is the support of erhu. It must be made of good wood, the string has great tension, and it must be complete wood. There can be no boils in the middle and no splicing. Otherwise, it is easy to deform and fracture. Piano poles used to be round. With the extensive use of steel wire strings, the tension of strings increases. Now it is generally changed to a flat round shape that can resist bending. The cross section is like the shape of a quail egg. The standard length of the piano rod is generally 830 mm, if it is too long, the piano rod is easy to bend. If it is too short, the tension of the strings is not enough, which will affect the timbre.

Piano axis:

There are three kinds of piano shafts: all-wood shaft, turbine shaft and spiral shaft. Mechanical shaft for general amateur piano learning. Its advantage is that it is convenient to adjust the string and it is not easy to run the string. However, it is necessary to check whether the production is precise when purchasing, and point a little sewing machine oil properly when using, so as to avoid problems such as overflow and cross movement due to moisture corrosion.

Bow:

The bow of erhu is made up of bow rod and bow hair, which is baked with bamboo. Bow hair is a ponytail, which leads from the small arc bend at the bow tip at the fish tail to the bow root. Bowfish is generally made of plexiglass or animal bones, and fixed on the bow-tail screw to adjust the tightness of Pinus massoniana. The whole bow rod is shallow saddle-shaped. Bow is a key tool for erhu pronunciation, and its quality has a great influence on playing. Although the thickness, weight and length of the bow rod are different, it should not be too heavy, too light or too soft. Too thick and too heavy to appear clumsy and noisy; It's too long to control; If it is too short, it will affect the long tone performance. Therefore, it is generally appropriate to use about 850 mm, and the materials are old red bamboo, river reed bamboo and water hyacinth bamboo, with few knots and uniform thickness as the top grade. The curvature of the arch tip and the arch root should be moderate, and it is difficult to control if it is too large. Too small a bend will affect the flexibility of the fingers holding the bow. Bow hair with white ponytail is top grade. When choosing a bow, we should not only pay attention to the problems mentioned above, but also see whether the ponytail is neatly combed and fastened outside the fishtail. Many newly bought bows are loose because of ponytails, and it won't take long, but I didn't pay attention to this problem when buying bows. In addition, the ponytail should be adjusted in time with the change of climate when used, and the fishtail screw should be loosened after use to keep the bow rod intact. Once the ponytail gets greasy, it can't be wiped with rosin. Never touch the ponytail with your hands to keep the bow hair clean. Rosin must be rubbed on the bow hair with special huqin rosin or violin rosin. It is not allowed to burn rosin on the piano barrel, which is easy to make noise. When the piano is pulled up, rosin foam splashes on the strings and strings, which will affect the change of the handle and the performance in the high-pitched area. It is not easy to rub rosin on a new bow. Some broken rosin can be pressed on the bow hair. Rosin should be rubbed frequently, not too much at a time. Generally, it is advisable to wipe the piano once after playing for two to three hours.

Qin Tuo:

The piano holder is a wooden holder under the piano barrel, which is made of heavy hardwood. After the erhu is equipped with the piano holder, the body of the erhu is more stable on the legs, which greatly facilitates the exertion of the lower handle technique and increases the volume.

Qin Ma:

The bridge is the key component to transmit the sound of strings to the piano barrel, which plays an important role in pronunciation and volume. There are many materials for making bridge horses. For decades, people have done many experiments on bridge horses, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. At present, bridge horses made of maple and pine knots are mostly round or oval bottoms, with a height of 1 cm, a width of 1.5 cm and a horizontal width of 1 cm. These two kinds of qinma are generally considered to have soft pronunciation and pure sound quality. Of course, the pronunciation of erhu depends not only on the piano horse, but also on the quality of the wood of the piano barrel, the thickness and elasticity of the membrane, the sunny weather, the humidity, dryness and warmth of the air. So, prepare as many kinds of bridge horses as possible (wood, bamboo, bones, plastic, etc. ) in order to adjust under different climatic conditions. As for what kind of bridge horse to use under what circumstances, you need to experience it yourself. Near the bridge, a small pad made of flannel or felt must be inserted between the strings and the leather membrane, which can solve the "wolf sound" of the erhu, eliminate the empty sound of the erhu and make it concentrated and full. The thickness and size of the pad should be moderate, too thick will affect the volume, and too thin will not do. Summary:

In my opinion, if you want to buy a satisfactory Aegean Sea, you must first start with wood, which is the premise of erhu sound quality. At present, there are many erhu materials on the market, some of which are shoddy. We should be more careful when buying, so as not to be fooled. How to distinguish the authenticity and advantages and disadvantages of wood?

First, look at the timbre. According to our audition performance, we should try as many pianos and as many handles as possible. You know, pianos of the same brand or the same price sometimes have different timbres, and a good erhu can stand the test. Second, look at the workmanship. Generally speaking, the higher the quality of erhu, the finer and rougher the workmanship.

Third, look at the price. High quality erhu is expensive! Of course, you must not just look at the price or that sentence, be careful to be fooled!

The second is to look at the skin membrane. What kind of skin film is a good skin film?

It's simple. First of all, the particles of the membrane should be large. Second, the more yellow in the color composition of the film, the better.

Finally look at the bow. There are three criteria for a good bow. First of all, the bow should be long and straight. Second, the bow hair should be white, and the bow hair should be more and tidy. Thirdly, the joints of the bow rod should be less and smaller.

Characteristics of erhu

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(1) shape

Erhu is basically the same as other bowstring instruments in structure, and it is divided into stem, barrel, shaft and bow. Except the bow is made of bamboo, all the other parts are made of wood. Piano cylinders mainly include round octagon and square hexagon, as well as flat cylinder and cylinder. One side of the erhuqin tube is python skin, which is the same as that of Zhonghu and Gao Hu, while the banhuqin tube is made of coconut shells, and the other side is glued with wooden blocks. Several parts of Jinghu are made of bamboo (the piano shaft is made of wood), but one side of the piano barrel is snakeskin. The scale of several musical instruments is the largest in China, followed by Erhu, Banhu, Gao Hu and Jinghu.

(2) Tone and color

Many factors, such as different processing materials and shapes of various musical instruments, will affect their timbre. Erhu is soft and lyrical, and its voice is very singing, just like human voice. On the one hand, it depends on whether the pitch and tension of the internal and external tuning strings are appropriate, and on the other hand, one side of the piano barrel is made of python skin. Therefore, in general, when playing, you can make a peaceful and feminine sound without pressing the strings or lifting the bow vigorously.

Banhu and Jinghu are higher in tune than erhu. Because of its high string tension, the left and right hands use more force than the erhu when playing, thus obtaining the magnificent timbre of this instrument. In the traditional banhu playing method, especially in the accompaniment of traditional opera music, we often see that the fingers of the player's left hand have iron hoops, which is to increase the strength of the fingers to press the strings, so as to obtain the sound of their strength. In order to increase the friction between bow hair and strings when playing Jinghu, rosin is directly dripped on the piano barrel to make it make a loud and clear sound. Of course, the reason why Jinghu can play such a timbre is related to its small bamboo piano barrel and thin snake skin.

Although Gao Hu's piano barrel is relatively small, and its tuning is higher than that of erhu, because it is made of wood and python skin, you can get melodious and soft timbre without using as much force as when playing Jinghu or Banhu.

The lever and drum of Zhonghu are longer than Erhu, bigger than Erhu, the tuning is four degrees lower than Erhu, and the strings are thicker than Erhu. When playing, the strength of the left and right hands is relatively greater than that of the erhu. Because the barrel is also made of python skin, the sound is rich and round.

While learning techniques and mastering styles, we should also understand the connotation of music. Only with a deep understanding of music can we reveal and express music more deeply. This is the essence of music learning, and it is also the highest realm that we pursue in learning music.

But I have never heard of the electric erhu. Maybe you're talking about an electric guitar! ! ~

Thank you! ~