But it did happen in history, and there was no summer. More than 200 years ago, that is, Gregorian calendar 18 16, in the history of China, it was the twenty-first year of Jiaqing. In this year, British envoys went to China and China. It is said that the British envoys were not welcomed by Emperor Jiaqing because they did not follow the ceremony of three kneeling and nine knocking in the Qing Dynasty, so the emperor sent them back to China.
Decades later, Britain launched a war of aggression against Qing Dynasty, which opened the door to China in history. At the same time, 18 16 is also the darkest year in human history, because 18 16 is one of the coldest years in history. No summer? 18 16 In the summer, frost and snowfall occurred in Europe, North America and Asia, and the world fell into famine.
18 16 What happened? In fact, on the whole, there is no warning about what will happen in 18 16, because the spring in 18 16 is normal, and farmers are busy planting crops, but from May, the weather suddenly turned cold and it snowed in late spring. Because they have never experienced such a cold spring, most livestock are frozen to death.
Since June, the United States has begun to snow and ice, and the lake has frozen half an inch thick. On the European continent, just after the Napoleonic Wars, I planned to have a good rest. As a result, frost occurred in Europe and Germany in August, and large-scale freezing events occurred in major rivers in Europe.
At the same time, this strange weather also caused a large number of crops and livestock to freeze to death, and the famine began. At that time, about 200,000 people in Europe starved to death or froze to death.
Why is there no summer in 18 16? This time? Summer? The main cause of the incident was the eruption of Tambora volcano in 18 15. This eruption of volcanic ash spread all over the world, affecting the climate for three years.
It is reported that at that time, the ash cloud of sulfur dioxide ejected from Mount Tambora was more than 40 kilometers above the surface, which can be said to have reached the stratosphere, which means it will take a lot of time to complete it completely? Is that clear? .
Moreover, these newly formed volcanic ash are distributed all over the world with the airflow, constantly absorbing sunlight, preventing the sun's rays from reaching the ground and warming the earth.
At that time, the climate statistics showed that although the global average temperature only dropped by 0.4-0.7 degrees Celsius, it was this slight change that had a great impact on the earth's climate and life, such as summer frost, long-term dark clouds in the sky, abnormal rainfall and snowfall, which indirectly led to a large-scale crop harvest and the outbreak of famine.
But in the early 1980s, some scientists found that these problems may also be caused by sulfur dioxide. It is assumed that if the sulfur dioxide ejected from a volcano at high altitude combines with water vapor to form sulfuric acid, the sulfuric acid will quickly condense into tiny sulfate aerosols, which will be carried around the world by the wind.
They will absorb some solar radiation and warm the stratosphere, while the stratosphere will absorb sunlight and cool the earth's surface. The change of the regional position of cold and warm air will affect the high and low pressure pattern from the stratosphere to the ground, and then affect the wind speed and direction, as well as the related changes of temperature and precipitation pattern.
The eruption of Erxi volcano in 1982 and San hellens volcano in 1980 also verified this hypothesis. In addition, the eruption of Tambora volcano at that time spewed out140 billion tons of magma, releasing energy equivalent to 50,000 times the explosive power of the atomic bomb dropped by the United States in Hiroshima, Japan. In any case, its sulfur dioxide content will not be too small.
In addition, some people think that volcanic eruptions can't affect all parts of the world. They think there are other factors. According to the survey, since14th century, the earth has experienced several centuries of global cooling.
From 18 10 65438+ February. May of 1823 is just in the Dalton minimum period, and the number of sunspots in May of 18 16 is also the lowest since the solar activity was recorded, which means that the solar radiation itself was relatively small in that period.
To sum it up. It has been said before that a large amount of volcanic ash and volcanic gas (such as sulfur dioxide) discharged from volcanic eruption will have a great impact on the climate. In this case, both volcanic ash and volcanic gas will be sprayed into the air.
These volcanic materials will block the sunlight and cause the local temperature to drop. The eruption of Tambora volcano in 18 16 is a warning. Not only that, a large number of volcanic ash and heavy rain will combine to form mudslides, which can destroy roads, bridges and even flood nearby villages and cities, leaving many people homeless.