Why are there so many four-character idioms? This is probably because four words are easier to grasp. For example, China's ancient poetry collection "The Book of Songs" consists of four sentences, and the ancient history "Shangshu" also has some four sentences. Later, beginners read three-character classics, hundreds of surnames and thousands of words, the latter two of which are four sentences. The first, second and third episodes of Four-eyed Miscellaneous Son and Long Wen Whip Shadow are all four words. Although this is a sermon, it shows that these four words are loved and recited by people.
As I said before, idioms are mostly composed of four words, and the few are less than four words or more than four words; Especially there are even fewer idioms with less than four words. Therefore, when the Japanese speak Chinese, there is a saying of "four-character Chinese" (see Modern Middle School Putonghua edited by Yoshida Mori, 1978 edition), and some of them are also called "four-character idioms" (see Middle School Putonghua edited by Quan Zhongzhi, 1978 edition). But some of the idioms they listed in Four-character Chinese and Four-character Idioms are not what we call idioms, because we don't have that kind of statement. Such as "from left to right", "semantic", "hesitation in execution" and "question and answer". For another example, they also regard "spring, summer, autumn and winter", "front, back, left and right" and "east, west, north and south" as "four-character idioms", and we disagree. "Spring, summer, autumn and winter" is a meteorological term, "front, back, left and right" is a common orientation term in daily life, and "east, west, north and south" is a common orientation term in geography.
However, it is undeniable that idioms have four obvious characteristics. For example, the following idioms are not four words in terms of their origin. In other words, these idioms are all four-character idioms refined from non-four-character idioms. Try to look at the relationship between the following idioms and their origins:
(1) Be observant: "Be observant, not pay." (The first part of Mencius Liang Shang)
(2) Seek fish by the edge of the wood: "Seek it by the line and seek fish by the edge of the wood." (The first part of Mencius Liang Shang)
(3) Get twice the result with half the effort: "At present, the benevolent government of Wancheng is enjoyed by the people. People with semi-ancient stories will do twice as much, but that's the truth. " (Mencius, Gong Sunchou, Part I)
(4) Carving a boat for a sword: "The Chu people waded into the river, and the sword fell into the water from the boat. Carving a boat: that's where my sword fell. The ship stopped at the destination, and the Chu people jumped into the water from the marked place to find the sword. The boat did it, but the sword couldn't. Wouldn't you be puzzled if you asked about the sword? " ("Lv Chunqiu Cha Jin")
(5) Donkey skill is poor: Liu Zongyuan wrote a "Three Commandments" in the Tang Dynasty, and one of the subtitle is "Donkey of Money". "I'm at the end of my wit" is taken from the story described in this article.
(6) A broom is worth 1,000 yuan: (or "A broom cherishes yourself") "China people say that if you have a broom at home, you will enjoy 1,000 yuan, but you will never see it yourself." (Cao Pi's Dian Lun Paper)
From the above, the four words of idioms are very obvious. Or we can reduce words with more than four words to four words, such as "seeing through autumn" and "seeking fish from the edge of trees", or merge two sentences into one sentence with only four words, such as "getting twice the result with half the effort" and "Our daughter is precious". Or write a multi-word story into four words and become idioms, such as "carving a boat for a sword" and "the donkey is poor in skills"
Some words of the ancients could have been aphorisms and idioms. Just because it was more troublesome to change it to four words, I had to give it up and use it as a guide. For example, Fan Zhongyan's "The Story of Yueyang Tower in Song Dynasty" has a good moral, which means "Worry about the world first, and then enjoy the world." However, due to the large number of words, idioms cannot be formed. We can only regard them as epigrams and sometimes introduce them into articles. However, if "no pains come", it is easy to say and remember, so it can become an idiom. The phrase "all wastes flourish" in Yueyang Tower has become an idiom because it is four words.
2. In China, why do most idioms have four characters? This may be related to many factors: 1. Since the Book of Songs, many kinds of questions are four-character, and people have developed the habit of four-character 2. "Four" is related to the aesthetic taste of China people. Four represents four directions and four seasons, four is integrity, four is perfect geomantic omen, and the four words conform to the aesthetic habits of China people since ancient times; Grammatically speaking, Chinese pays attention to simplicity and diversity, but there are no more or less four words. Four-character idioms can be used in comparison, metaphor and other ways to avoid word redundancy.
The four words are catchy and have a strong sense of rhythm. Other related sayings: Idioms are generally composed of four words.
This is a long-standing, established and complete language unit, so it is called "idiom". Many idioms get generalized and abstract meanings from individual concrete facts.
Its meaning is often not the direct sum of its component meanings. In other words, we can't literally understand its meaning.
For example, "being caught" means that the plot is exposed. Literally, it is impossible to understand its exact meaning. The source of idioms is either the source or the idioms in life.
Idioms with sources can be divided into "event code" and "language code". The so-called "event code" comes from an old story.
This kind of idiom is condensed from ancient fables, and often uses false stories or personification to illustrate a certain truth, which has the irony of exhortation. Such as Waiting for the Rabbit, A blessing in disguise, Playing the lute to a cow, etc.
The so-called "language dictionary" comes from one or two sentences in old books, or contains an allusion, or comes from ancient poems, even novels, operas and other works. There are many well-known famous sentences, and one or two sentences are simplified into idioms. Such as "blink of an eye" and "teaching and learning learn from each other".
In addition, some idioms come from the oral creation of life. The neat form of four syllables composed of four morphemes is loved by people and often used.
Such as "nothing", "a sea of people", "making a fuss" and so on. Characteristics of idioms 1. Words-Idioms are generally four words, sometimes different, but rare.
Second, the basic structure-the structure of idioms is basically fixed, but there are various types of structures. General four-character idioms can be divided into two parts, the first two words are one part, and the last two words are another part.
There is a certain relationship between the two parts, some of which are restricted and restricted, such as "single-minded", "ever-changing", "shaking your head" and "half a catty"; Some are the relationship between modification and being modified, such as Scared Birds, Famous Names, This is particularly annoying, and Smile. Some are the relationship between Chen 8 and Ming; Such as "arrogance", "incompatibility", "interdependence" and "capable teachers"; Some are dominant and dominated, such as "creating new faces" and "letting bygones be bygones"; There is also the relationship between the behavior of closing and motivation, such as "carving a boat for a sword" and "encouraging young people" In addition to the combination of "22", there are also combinations of "3 1" in four-character idioms, such as "illiteracy" and "worthy of the name", and there are also combinations of "3 1", such as "clothes with water".
In addition, some idioms are composed of more than four syllables, and the relationship between their components is more complicated. For example, the meaning of drunkenness is not in wine, which already contains adjectives, nouns, auxiliary words and adverbs. It is difficult to find out the relationship between their components.
However, most of these idioms have the nature of idioms, proverbs and common sayings, which are different from the four-character case. Rhetorical tendency-Many idioms themselves are caused by rhetorical devices, and most idioms tend to use figurative and exaggerated rhetorical devices.
Idiom is a modern idiom, which is a short sentence composed of fixed words used by people in their long-term life. There are a large number of idioms in Chinese vocabulary.
They all have certain sources, and once formed and appeared, they have been used by the people for a long time. 1. The characteristics of idioms.
Idioms have two main characteristics. The first feature is a long history. (1) has a long history.
Refers to the historical use of idioms. For example, the idiom "Have confidence, have no fear" first appeared in the Xi Palace, which has been used for 2000 years. "Surprise the snake" comes from a story written in the Tang Dynasty, which is at least 1000 years away from "Although you mow the grass, I am surprised the snake".
Catch the wind and catch the shadows first appeared in Zhuzi's Complete Book by Zhu in Song Dynasty, two sides and three knives first appeared in Lanji in Yuan Dynasty, and the southern accent and northern tune first appeared in Yanjing Notes by Fu Cha Dunchong in Qing Dynasty. These idioms have a history of 120 or even 8900 years. (2) Flow length.
Refers to the sociality of idiom use. Idioms are accepted by people and widely used in writing or orally.
Like some idioms from ancient poetry, they are the original texts intercepted from poems of different times, because they are either profound in meaning or vivid in image, and they are epigrams and famous sentences of the whole poem, which are loved by the people, widely used and recited, and can be circulated. For example, "the spring breeze is proud", "the autumn is equally divided", "the wind is full of rain", "the wine and meat in Zhumen stink, and the road freezes to death", "the wildfire does not go out, and the spring breeze blows high" and so on.
The second feature is that stereotypes remain unchanged. Idiom is a stereotyped and fixed phrase, which is mostly composed of four words.
Of course, there are three words, five words or more. For example, "set out", "go up a storey still higher", "Qian Fan by the shipwreck, Wan Muchun by the sick tree" and "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you", but this is a minority after all.
Why are idioms mostly four-character? This is related to the characteristics of Chinese. Most people in China speak in pairs on syllables. Chinese pays attention to four tones, which can produce aesthetic feeling in sound when reading, and the four-character structure can adapt to various changes of this tone.
The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of 305 poems in the history of China literature, which is basically a four-sentence poem. These four words are short and pithy in structure, vivid and lively, and can be read in cadence. In a long historical stage, it influenced poets and writers, and their works influenced people's language. Idioms are basically derived from ancient books and folk spoken language, so idioms are mostly four words.
Moreover, idioms should not only express profound and complex ideas, but also be extremely concise, neither too long nor too short, and four words are the most appropriate. Idioms are fixed.
3. What is the word with the most four-character idioms? Where were those lost times before me? Behind me, where are the future generations? Thirty years in Hedong, thirty years in Hexi, nothing is difficult in the world, but if you put your mind to it, you will stay in the green hills, and you will not be afraid of burning firewood. People don't know, unless you don't know, you will see people's hearts for a long time. If you want to do something well, you must sharpen your tools first, and there will be no tigers on the mountain. The monkey is king, and nothing is difficult in the world. Where there is a will, there is a way.
1, before me, where were those lost years? Behind me, where are the future generations? [Hi, Ryan.
It means unprecedented. Also used as irony.
2. Thirty years in Hedong and thirty years in Hexi [sā n Shí niá n Hé d not ng, sā n Shí niá n Hé x:]
Thirty years ago, Feng Shui was in Hedong, and thirty years later, Feng Shui was in Hexi. Metaphor things change, ups and downs.
3. Nothing is difficult in the world, only if you put your mind to it [ti ā n xi à b ě n w ú shi, yōng rén zěr m:o zh:and].
Refers to being in a hurry or asking for trouble when there is nothing to do.
4. Stay in the green hills, and you are not afraid of burning without firewood [liú dé q and ng shā n zà i, bê mé i chá i shā o]
Metaphor as long as there is life, there is future and hope.
5, if people don't know, unless it is [ru ò yà o ré né b ù zh and, hü f ē i j ǐ mò wé i].
If people don't know, unless they don't do it themselves. It means that you will be exposed if you do something bad.
6. The power of a horse is known from a distance, but it is known from a long time [Lù yá ozh: m: li, rǔJiàn rén xěn]
Knowing the power of a horse will see the quality of people's hearts for a long time.
7. If a worker wants to do a good job, he must sharpen his tools first.
Equipment: tools. To do a good job, we must sharpen our knives first. It is very important to prepare for a good job.
8. There is no tiger on the mountain, and the monkey is called the King [sh ā n sh à ng wú l ǔ o h ǐ, hóu zǐ chēng dà wáng].
As the saying goes, there are no capable people, and ordinary people are also protagonists.
9. Nothing is difficult to a willing mind.
It means that nothing is impossible as long as you have ambition and perseverance.
10, there is no one here, but there is a place to stay [cǐ ch ǔ Boullioun, zǐ u Leon ch ǔ].
It means you can't live here, so you will have a place to live.
In what TV series, the four-character idiom is the most illiterate.
[Interpretation] D: The simplest word. I don't know a word.
[Language] Mai's Study on the Customs of Rongzhai: "Many people today are illiterate; Call it the ancestor Tang Shu. "
[Pronunciation] Cognition; You can't say yes.
What you don't know, no breasts, no ink
[Antonym] Learn to enrich knowledge.
[Usage] Neutral words. Generally used as predicate and attribute.
Subject-predicate type
[Discrimination] ~ There is also "no ink on the chest"; Are described as uneducated. But ~ emphasize "I don't know a word"; No Ink on the Chest focuses on "ignorance".
[example] the original text ~ him; After two years of study, I can read newspapers.
5. Why are most idioms four words? Idiom is a modern idiom, which is a short sentence composed of fixed words that people are used to in their long-term life. There are a large number of idioms in Chinese vocabulary. They all have certain sources, and once formed and appeared, they have been used by the people for a long time.
1. The characteristics of idioms. Idioms have two main characteristics. The first feature is a long history.
(1) has a long history. Refers to the historical use of idioms. For example, the idiom "Have confidence, have no fear" first appeared in the Xi Palace, which has been used for 2000 years. "Surprise the snake" comes from a story written in the Tang Dynasty, which is at least 1000 years away from "Although you mow the grass, I am surprised the snake". Catch the wind and catch the shadows first appeared in Zhuzi's Complete Book by Zhu in Song Dynasty, two sides and three knives first appeared in Lanji in Yuan Dynasty, and the southern accent and northern tune first appeared in Yanjing Notes by Fu Cha Dunchong in Qing Dynasty. These idioms have a history of 120 or even 8900 years.
(2) Flow length. Refers to the sociality of idiom use. Idioms are accepted by people and widely used in writing or orally. Like some idioms from ancient poetry, they are the original texts intercepted from poems of different times, because they are either profound in meaning or vivid in image, and they are epigrams and famous sentences of the whole poem, which are loved by the people, widely used and recited, and can be circulated. For example, "the spring breeze is proud", "the autumn is equally divided", "the wind is full of rain", "the wine and meat in Zhumen stink, and the road freezes to death", "the wildfire does not go out, and the spring breeze blows high" and so on.
The second feature is that stereotypes remain unchanged. Idiom is a stereotyped and fixed phrase, which is mostly composed of four words. Of course, there are three words, five words or more. For example, "set out", "go up a storey still higher", "Qian Fan by the shipwreck, Wan Muchun by the sick tree" and "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you", but this is a minority after all. Why are idioms mostly four-character? This is related to the characteristics of Chinese. Most people in China speak in pairs on syllables. Chinese pays attention to four tones, which can produce aesthetic feeling in sound when reading, and the four-character structure can adapt to various changes of this tone. The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of 305 poems in the history of China literature, which is basically a four-sentence poem. These four words are short and pithy in structure, vivid and lively, and can be read in cadence. In a long historical stage, it influenced poets and writers, and their works influenced people's language. Idioms are basically derived from ancient books and folk spoken language, so idioms are mostly four words.
Moreover, idioms should not only express profound and complex ideas, but also be extremely concise, neither too long nor too short, and four words are the most appropriate.
Idioms have a fixed structure, and their structure and components cannot be changed or changed at will. Some idioms have a group of synonyms or antonyms. For example, the words "Yan" and "Yu" in A Few Words are words with similar meanings; The words "big", "small", "same" and "different" in "similarity" are antonyms, which cannot be replaced casually. For another example, "strange clothes" is synonymous with "strange" and "clothes". Some people write "strange clothes" as "strange clothes", which on the surface only reflects the unclear structure of idioms. For example, "two tigers fighting" can't be said to be "three tigers fighting" or "southern accent transferring to the north", or "eastern accent transferring to the west" or "blind horse" or "blind donkey".
There are many words in the four-character lattice, and some people specially named it "four-character lattice". Some used to be idioms, and some didn't. After a long time, it becomes an idiom. We now have many idioms developed in this way.
2. The source of idioms
Idioms have their origins. It is well documented that one is spoken by the masses and the other is written. First of all, introduce idioms from popular spoken language.