[Warring States Great Wall] During the Warring States Period, Chu began to build the Great Wall in order to defend the northern nomadic people or enemy countries. Subsequently, Qi, Yan, Wei, Zhao, Qin and other countries also began to build their own Great Wall for the same purpose.
[Qin Changcheng] After Qin unified the six countries, Qin Shihuang sent a famous soldier Meng Tian to explore the Xiongnu in the north, connecting the Great Walls of various countries, stretching for more than 10,000 miles from Lintao in the west to Liaodong in the east, hence the name "Wan Li Great Wall". There are only relics left in Qin Changcheng. Qin Shihuang built the Great Wall with 300,000 people, which created a miracle in the history of human architecture. The construction of the Great Wall objectively played a positive role in preventing the Huns from invading the south and protecting the economic and cultural development of the Central Plains. Dr. Sun Yat-sen once commented: "Although the first emperor had no choice, the Great Wall made great contributions to later generations. In fact, Dayu managed water and so on."
[Great Wall in Han Dynasty] The Great Wall continued to be built in Han Dynasty. From Wendi to Xuan Di, from Dawaner Shicheng in the west to the north bank of Heilongjiang in the east, a 10,000-kilometer-long Great Wall was built. Half of the ancient Silk Road was along the Great Wall, which was the longest in history.
[Ming Great Wall] What we see today is mainly the Ming Great Wall. At the beginning of the founding of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, ordered the construction of the Great Wall in order to resist the attack of the remnants of the Yuan Dynasty who fled northward. The whole project took 200 years to complete. The Ming Great Wall starts from Jiayuguan in Gansu Province in the west and ends at the southern foot of Hushan in Dandong, Liaoning Province in the east, with a total length of 12000.
The Great Wall of Wan Li is winding and winding, and is famous for its unparalleled grandeur. Nowadays, under the call of "love my China and repair my Great Wall", many places have been renovated and become the first scenic spot in China. It attracts thousands of tourists from home and abroad, and takes seeing the Great Wall as a pleasure in life. Anyone who has been to the Great Wall is amazed.
Just like the Great Wall, where the dragon leaps over the mountains and the desert Gobi, it is composed of the city gate, the city wall, the enemy station and the beacon tower. It is a military defense engineering system in the ancient ruling groups of all ethnic groups in China. It has been repeatedly built by people of all ethnic groups for two or three thousand years, which embodies the great strength and strong will of the Chinese nation and has become a splendid treasure in China's ancient civilization. During countless struggles and long-term exchanges, people of all ethnic groups inside and outside the Great Wall have had many touching stories, which have attracted scholars of all ages to write poems and paintings for them, adding many beautiful and touching chapters and pictures to the treasure house of China literature and art.
As early as the 11th century BC, there was a record in the Western Zhou Dynasty that the city was far north. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period from the 7th century BC to the 3rd century BC, the vassal states annexed each other, resulting in a constant scuffle. They built the Great Wall on their own border to defend themselves. For example, Chu took the lead in building a Fangcheng in Fiona Fang for hundreds of miles around Nanyang; Qi built the Great Wall from Pingyin, Shandong Province to Langyatai in the East China Sea, and built dikes along the old Yellow River as a city. Zhongshan, Wei, Han, Yan, Zhao, Qin and other countries have built hundreds to thousands of miles of the Great Wall. At that time, the chief commander of the Great Wall had gone to Wan Li, but only to disperse their independence.
In 22 1 year BC, after Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, on the one hand, he demolished the Great Wall between countries; on the other hand, in order to prevent the Huns in the north, he mobilized millions of soldiers and civilians, and ordered general Meng Tian to supervise the construction of the Great Wall, starting from Taohe River in the west along the Yellow River to the east, and then stretching for thousands of miles along the original Great Wall of Qin, Zhao and Yan to Liaodong, becoming the earliest Great Wall of Wan Li in China.
During the Western Han Dynasty, the Huns in the north were more powerful and committed crimes against the south many times. In addition to communication, intimacy and attack, the Han Dynasty began to build the Great Wall on a large scale to stabilize the border. In addition to Qin Changcheng, the Great Wall such as Hexi, Yumenguan and Juyanze was built in the west. It starts from Yanmen in the north, Wuyuan Yinshan in the east, Yan Qin Changcheng in the east, Yumenguan in Liaodong in the west and more than 20,000 miles in Fiona Fang. It is juxtaposed with the pavilions west of Loulan and north of northeast Ulaanbaatar, and its scale far exceeds that of Qin Dynasty. At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xianbei was defended in the north, Qiang Rong was in the west, and within the Great Wall of the Western Han Dynasty, Daxing blocked the docking, with a total length of more than 10,000 miles. During the Han Dynasty, the Great Wall built in the north and south was the largest in history.
Since then, the northern nationalities have gradually entered North China, Guanzhong and the Central Plains, established the regime of the Northern Dynasties, and formed a situation of confrontation between the North and the South. In the Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Northern Qi and Northern Zhou Dynasties, a number of Great Walls were built from the north of the Yellow River to the west of Liaoning, criss-crossing, and the total length was also in Wan Li. After the Sui Dynasty unified the whole country, the Great Wall was built in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River from Wuyuan, Yulin, Ningxia to Longxi, which just formed another system with the Great Wall east of the Northern Dynasty.
The national strength of the Tang Dynasty was strong, and all tribes in the north and west of the Great Wall had good contacts. Therefore, instead of building the Great Wall, only three "surrender cities" were built on the Yinshan Mountain, 400 miles east and west, and even a city barrier; Rebuilding the ancient city of Guazhou in Longxi. At this time, in order to prevent the Tang Dynasty, North Korea in the east built the Great Wall in the northeast of China, which was more than 2,000 miles long from Fuyu, Kaiyuan and Xinbin to the mouth of Datong River in North Korea.
During the Zhu, Liao and Jin Dynasties, sixteen states in North China belonged to Qidan, and Hexi belonged to Xixia. Only Yanmen was built in the Northern Song Dynasty. After that, Liao and Jin became strong one after another, and went deep into Huai, Han and even Jiangbei, resulting in the local security situation in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the Great Wall could not be built. However, due to the struggle and contradiction with Mongolia and other ethnic groups, the Northern Liao and Jin regimes built the Great Wall of Qian Hao in today's northeast Inner Mongolia and other places, and the whole length also reached Wan Li, known as the Mingchang Great Wall, commonly known as Genghis Khan's side wall.
After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, in order to prevent the restoration of the Yuan Dynasty and the harassment of Dadan, Waci, Nuzhen and Tubo nationalities, the Great Wall was continuously built in the north, and some Great Walls were also built sporadically in the southeast coastal areas to resist foreign invasion. There are as many Great Walls as there are in Ming Dynasty. The main Great Wall runs from Jiuliancheng Scenic Resort scenic spot on Yalu River to Jiayuguan in Gansu, with a total length of 15000 miles. Between Beijing and Pianguan, Shanxi, it is divided into two Great Walls, north and south. In many sections, in addition to the main wall, the Great Wall has two, three, outer, inner and side walls. For example, there are three large stone walls and twenty-three small stone walls outside Yanmenguan. Among them, the12,700-mile main Great Wall from Shanhaiguan to Jiayuguan is well preserved, especially from Shanhaiguan to Beijing, and the rebuilt Great Wall in Qi Jiguang is the most spectacular.
In the early Qing Dynasty, the famous Shengjing side wall (wicker side) was built between Liaoning and Jilin, with a total length of more than 2,600 miles. The ancient Great Wall has also been partially restored, including Shanhaiguan, Juyongguan, Yanmenguan, Jiayuguan and some sections of the Great Wall. I haven't fixed it since the middle period.
After long years and man-made destruction, many ancient Great Walls have reached a very dilapidated state. Even the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty suffered great damage. But the loong, with a total length of ten Yu Wanli, is still the largest and most spectacular project in ancient human history. Moreover, in different times and different places, because of the danger, it presents all kinds of strange landscapes and embodies the artistic talent in architecture. After long-term exchanges, people of all ethnic groups in China, both inside and outside the Great Wall, finally broke through the artificial barriers of division and condensed into a United, unified, harmonious and friendly China family. As a symbol of China's great ancient civilization, the Great Wall is not only the pride of our nation, but also the aspiration of people all over the world. It will make great contributions to enhancing the friendship between people of all countries.