19 1 1 Sun Yat-sen led the Revolution of 1911, and 19 12 was the first year of the Republic of China. Subtract 19 12 from the year to be calculated and add 1. For example, 19 15 is 4 years of the Republic of China, and 2009 is 98 years of the Republic of China.
2.( 1) The Reform Movement of 1898 was a bourgeois reform movement. The bourgeois reformists demanded to implement policies conducive to the development of capitalism and gradually change the feudal autocracy into a constitutional monarchy, which was in line with the historical development trend and had progressive significance at that time.
(2) The Reform Movement of 1898 was a political movement of patriotism and national salvation. At the critical moment when the imperialist aggression is deepening and the crisis of partition is imminent, the bourgeois reformists clamor to save the national crisis and develop capitalism, and point out that the primary purpose of reform is to save the nation and survive. This has played an important role in inspiring people's patriotism and national consciousness.
(3) The Reform Movement of 1898 was also the first ideological emancipation trend in modern China. The bourgeois reformists advocated new learning and civil rights, attacked feudal ideology and culture, and played an enlightening role in society. It promoted the awakening of the people of China.
3. The Revolution of 1911 was a great bourgeois-democratic revolution in China's modern history, with far-reaching historical significance.
First of all, the Revolution of 1911 dealt a fatal blow to the feudal monarchy. It overthrew the Qing Dynasty, which ruled China for more than 260 years, ended the feudal autocratic monarchy system in China for more than 2,000 years, established a bourgeois republic, and promoted historical progress. The Revolution of 1911 gave the people some rights of democracy and freedom. Since then, the concept of democratic republic has been deeply rooted in people's hearts. In the later historical process, no matter who wants to be an emperor and who wants to restore the monarchy, it will quickly collapse under the opposition of the people.
Secondly, the Revolution of 1911 overthrew the "foreign court" and dealt a heavy blow to the imperialist forces of aggression. After the Revolution of 1911, the imperialists had to change their agents in China, but they could not find the tools to control the overall situation and establish a relatively stable ruling order in China.
Third, the Revolution of 1911 created favorable conditions for the development of national capitalism. After the founding of the Republic of China, domestic industrial groups were established one after another, and setting up factories and banks became a trend. In just a few years, the strength of state capitalism has been significantly enhanced, and the ranks of the proletariat have also grown rapidly.
Fourthly, the Revolution of 1911 had a wide influence on the liberation movement of oppressed peoples in modern Asian countries, especially on the struggle against colonialism in Vietnam, Indonesia and other countries. During this period, there was a climax of the national liberation movement in Asia.
4. 1929—— 1933 Against the background of the economic crisis in the capitalist world, Japanese society was full of contradictions, and fascist forces took the opportunity to develop.
1936 On February 26th, a group of young fascist officers launched the "February 26th" mutiny in an attempt to establish a fascist regime headed by them. Although the mutiny failed because of the infighting of the warlord group, the power of the military department was greatly enhanced. Soon, Hirota Hiroshi, who was controlled by the military department, came to power to form a cabinet and established a military fascist dictatorship.
The Sino-Japanese War was 1895. At that time, Japan was led by Emperor Meiji, and the Speaker of the House of Lords was Ito Bowen.