More than 700 years ago, Wuying Zonghaishan, the great-grandson of Kublai Khan in Yuan Shizu, established a resplendent capital-Yuanzhongdu in Bashang grassland area more than 200 kilometers away from Beijing.
Now, this archaeological capital is building a national archaeological site park to attract more people to approach it, listen to it and try to uncover its mystery.
Genghis Khan and his successors built a great empire across Eurasia by relying on powerful Mongolian warriors. The Yuan Dynasty established four capitals: Hara Helin in Genghis Khan's era (near Ulaanbaatar today), Kublai Khan (now Zhenglan Banner in Inner Mongolia) and Yuandadu (now Beijing), and Wudong established Yuandadu.
Toutouying Township, whose capital was located in the northwest of Zhangbei County, Hebei Province 15km in the Yuan Dynasty, is considered to be the most intact site of the capital of the Yuan Dynasty, with a relatively simple age and the least damage in the later period.
Recently, the reporter came to the ruins of the Yuan Zhongdu and walked into the National Archaeological Site Park of the Yuan Zhongdu under construction. According to the staff of Zhangbei County Cultural Relics Bureau, there were many trees and weeds in Zhongdu site, and the central hall was full of mounds, so there were few things to see. Today, the reporter walked from south to north along the central axis road, passing through Outer City, Imperial City and Miyagi in turn, savoring the vicissitudes and glory of this capital of the Yuan Dynasty.
In the outer city, the central axis road has been paved with gravel roads through environmental improvement, equipped with exhibition boards, mobile toilets and tourist service centers; In the imperial city, floor stones, general stones, gray bricks, etc. On the ground, it is copied according to the original location and size of the underground; In Miyagi, underground Little Square was also "moved" to the ground. At present, it is just a pile of gray bricks; On the ruins of the palace, you can see some white pillars and blue floor tiles, as well as a glass window. Here are six or six magic cubes unearthed here for exorcism.
According to historical records, on 1307, Wuying Zonghaishan, who just ascended the throne on 10, announced the construction of Zhongdu. Because of the waste of people's money, people's resentment boiled and they protested one after another. 13 1 1 year, Wuzong, who was actually in office for less than four years, died at the age of 3 1 year. Renzong, the younger brother of Wuzong, acceded to the throne and ordered the construction to stop, so Zhongdu was left out in the cold.
1358, overwhelmed farmers rose up, and the palace of the Yuan Dynasty was burned down by the Red Scarf Army, leaving only the remains of the city wall. There are only 50 years left, and Zhongdu of the Yuan Dynasty has disappeared from Chinese territory and become a ruin. What is left for future generations is neither the first-hand written materials that can be inquired, nor the physical materials that can be recognized by future generations.
From the beginning of the 20th century, in the history circle of China, some people began to question "Where is the capital of the Yuan Dynasty?" .
Although there were city wall relics on the ground of Zhongdu site in Yuan Dynasty, no one could tell the origin of the ruins for many years. Because the residual wall was whitewashed by the wind and sand, it has always been called "Baicheng Zi". Although it was recorded in the historical materials of the Yuan Dynasty, its status was unknown for a long time. The Annals of Three Chapters in Koubei, revised during the reign of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, mistakenly regarded "Baicheng Zi" as a place for livestock trading.
Until the 1980s, archaeologists in Hebei Province found that the cultural relics unearthed in Baichengzi Village were mainly in the Yuan Dynasty, and some building fragments were decapitated by white marble. It is inferred that there was a royal building in the Yuan Dynasty here. During the period of 1997, archaeologists conducted on-the-spot investigation and demonstration, and determined that Baichengzi was the site of Zhongdu in Yuan Dynasty.
Subsequently, Hebei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and other units organized archaeological teams to excavate Zhongdu site in Yuan Dynasty, unearthed a large number of palace building components, and preliminarily identified the sites such as turret, south gate and nave. This excavation was listed in "11999 Top Ten New Archaeological Discoveries in China". 200 1 Zhongdu Site in Yuan Dynasty was announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit.
In order to protect and display the ruins of the Yuan Dynasty, the National Archaeological Site Park of the Yuan Dynasty was built with the approval of National Cultural Heritage Administration, and the construction was officially started on 20 13. The planned construction land of National Archaeological Site Park in Yuan Dynasty is 13485 mu, with a total investment of 360 million yuan.
The staff of Zhangbei County Cultural Relics Bureau said that the construction of the archaeological site park is definitely not a large-scale reconstruction. It just copies some underground sites to the ground, and will not build buildings such as halls. This project is a long-term project of 17 years, and it will not happen overnight, but bit by bit.
"A capital city, half of yuan dynasty history." The Yuan Dynasty lasted less than 100 years, and it witnessed half of it. Nowadays, a series of problems such as the establishment and abolition of the Yuan Dynasty still need further archaeological exploration.