There are still differences in the laws of the Tang Dynasty on the shape, material and color of clothing. In the fourth year of Wude (62 1), Tang Gaozu initially determined the clothing system, and stipulated four clothing systems: sacrificial clothing, court clothing (also known as costume), public clothing (also known as provincial clothing) and regular clothing (also known as swallow clothing). Among them, the official uniform stipulates that red and yellow are for the exclusive use of the empire, and since then the yellow robe has become the symbol of the emperor. Later, Emperor Taizong, Emperor Gaozong, Dezong, Wenzong, etc. It also ordered that the clothing differences between civil and military officials and ordinary people be clearly defined. Generally speaking, the clothes of aristocratic bureaucrats and rich children are brocade, and ordinary people can only wear coarse cloth, and there are strict grade restrictions on clothing.
The fashion of men's wear in Tang Dynasty can be roughly divided into two stages. From the early Tang Dynasty to the prosperous Tang Dynasty, it was popular to wear trousers, pleats, round neck, narrow sleeve robes, right skirts, belts, foot boots or soft leather boots. In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, men's wear in the upper class returned to the wide robe and long sleeves in the Qin and Han Dynasties, with long skirts and high shoes, but the trousers and pleats were still popular in the lower class.
Women's clothing in the Tang Dynasty was gorgeous and varied from front to back, but there were several basic styles: skirts, aprons, blouses and blouses. Women's dresses in the early Tang Dynasty were mostly long skirts with narrow sleeves and bow shoes or high heels, that is, the style of "small head shoes and narrow clothes". With the development of social economy, the close relationship between ethnic groups and China and foreign countries, especially the liberation of women's thoughts, the modeling of women's wear in Tang Dynasty tends to be exposed and open. In the early Tang dynasty, women in the upper class went out a lot and were completely banned. Since the Yonghui emblem, curtains, hats and skirts have gradually become shallow and uncovered, and scholars have followed suit. Soon, Hu Mao got on his horse and galloped in a bun, or paraded through the city in men's clothes and boots. In the early days of Tianbao, "aristocratic gentry like to wear Hu clothes, while women are narrow-sleeved", and there are "pink breasts and half-hidden snow" and "snow on their chests". After the mid-Tang Dynasty, narrow-sleeved clothes gradually became obsolete, and instead, wide-sleeved clothes and women's clothes became fatter and more respected.
Women's hairstyles in the Tang Dynasty are very diverse, and the beauty lies in the high bun. Hairstyles include cloud bun, spiral bun, inverted bun, semi-rotating bun, triangular bun, double-ring Wang Xianfa bun, Uygur bun and Uman bun. Facial makeup is also very complicated, and the makeup sequence is roughly as follows: lead powder, rouge, yellow graffiti, black eyebrows, mouth fat, face painting, applique cymbals and so on. Among them, there are more than a dozen eyebrow styles such as Yuanyang, Xiaoshan, Wuyue, Sanfeng, Guazhu and Yuesuo.
The diet of the Tang Dynasty was more varied than that of the previous generation, with wheat, millet and rice as the staple food, and a variety of miscellaneous grains in the middle. Wheat pasta is the most important food, which is eaten by both high and low. There are the most kinds of cakes, including soup cakes, Hu cakes, steamed cakes, pancakes, rice cakes, pies and five-color cakes. Steamed bread has also been made, called sitting nails, bean nails or steamed bread, which are mostly set for sacrifice. There are also biscuits, cold food utensils (jiaozi) and wonton in the staple food. Non-staple food mainly includes onions, leeks, garlic, ginger, spinach, bamboo shoots, apricots, pears, dates, melons, grapes and other fruits and vegetables. Meat is also very common, especially in wealthy families, where cows, sheep, pigs and chickens are the mainstay, and the water and internal organs of animals are also cooked into various delicacies. Fish products such as clams, mandarin fish, shrimp and crabs have also entered people's diet. Seasoning condiments include salt, vinegar, sauce, pepper and sucrose.
Wine has become a necessity in the life of the Tang people, and drinking is very popular. There are many famous wines all over the country, such as Xi Shiqiang, Lang Guanqing, Apoqing, Xinfeng, Qiujia, Huxian and so on. There are many hotels and flag pavilions in urban and rural areas, and the business of brewing and selling wine is booming. In Chang 'an, there is also a hotel run by Hu Ji, which specializes in Hu wine and has become a place for literati to travel and drink.
Tea has become an indispensable thing in the Tang Dynasty. From the early years of Kaiyuan, the wind of drinking tea swept across the country, and there were many tea shops all over the country, selling fried tea, and the tea ceremony prevailed. Lu Yu's Tea Classic is the first book in China to study tea ceremony. Tea has become a good tribute and gift. Tea tasting and tea fighting have become literati. "Between the fields, hobbies are especially keen", and ordinary people can't live without tea.
A notable feature of the diet in the Tang Dynasty was the prevalence of Hu food, especially after Kaiyuan, when it became popular to cook Hu rice. The aforementioned Hu cake is a kind of Hu food, which is the result of ethnic integration in the Tang Dynasty.
Due to the different political and economic status, the living conditions in the Tang Dynasty were also very different. The palace where the emperor lived was the most luxurious. In the early Tang Dynasty, Tai Chi Palace in Chang 'an was the place where the emperor discussed and lived. There are five halls: Taiji Hall, Liangyi Hall, Ganlu Hall, Yanjia Hall and Chengxiang Hall. Since the eighth year of Zhenguan (634), Emperor Taizong thought that his father Li had built a new palace in Dongying Taiji Palace, which was first named Yong 'an Palace and later renamed Daming Palace. In the second year of Longshuo (662), Emperor Li Zhi suffered from wind arthralgia, which made Taiji Palace "damp". He built Daming Palace and moved the political center here. Daming Palace is rectangular in the south and trapezoidal in the north, with Danfengmen, Hanyuan Hall, Zhengxuan Hall, Chenzi Hall, Penglai Hall, Hanliang Hall and Xuanwu Hall as the central axis, and there are several affiliated halls on the left and right, which are magnificent. After Xuanzong ascended the throne, he built a large-scale Xingqing Palace, which organically combined the palace with the garden. The main palaces and pavilions are Xingqing Hall, Datong Hall, Huacai Xianghui Building, Jingjin Hall and Chenxiang Temple. At this point, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty built three palaces in the capital, which were called the "Big Three". After Wu Zetian moved to Luoyang, she also built Sanyang Palace, Xingtai Palace, Tang Ming and Xanadu. In addition, the Tang Dynasty also built many branches, such as Jiucheng Palace, Yuhua Palace and Cuiwei Palace.
In the Tang Dynasty, from princes and nobles to ordinary people, there were restrictions on the situation and scale of private houses: namely, princes' houses did not have double arches and caissons; Three products, nine in five halls and five in three doors; Five products, five halls and seven, three doors and two; Six or seven projects, five in three rooms in the lobby, four in Shu Ren, two at each door. However, more and more houses were built by the royal clan and the high palace ministers, competing for luxury. After the Anshi Rebellion, the "wooden demon" once prevailed. General Ma Yi built a nave and spent more than 200,000 yuan. In contrast, ordinary people can't afford bricks and tiles, and most of them live in huts. Sometimes there is a fire, and it often suffers from house leakage and continuous rain.
The traffic in the Tang Dynasty was very developed, with the land traffic network centered on Chang 'an and the waterway traffic network consisting of the Grand Canal and the southern water towns extending in all directions. At the same time, the post system is complete, and the land post, waterway post, carriage post and waterway post are equipped with ships, which provides very convenient conditions for public and private travel and business exchanges.
Horse breeding in Tang Dynasty experienced a process of decline and prosperity. In the heyday of Kaiyuan, not only the government owned many official horses, but also the number of private horses was considerable, and the carriage became an important means of transportation. Obviously, the emperor had five wheels (jade wheel, golden wheel, elephant wheel, leather wheel, wooden wheel) for riding, including root ploughing wheel, safety wheel, four-looking wheel, and ceremonial south guide wheel, drum wheel and egret wheel. Empresses have heavy fasting, tired fasting, Zhai Che, and so on. The crown prince and princes also have their own cars. Folk carriages are mainly used for transportation.
Besides wagons, ox carts and donkey carts are also widely used. Shoulders and eaves are also important means of transportation. Shoulder joint is also called shoulder joint, soft joint and soft joint, and eaves are also called bamboo joints and cages, which should be carried by shoulders.