Liu Xiu is a descendant of the royal family in the Western Han Dynasty, the ninth grandson of Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, and the lineal of Emperor Han Jing. According to historical records, Emperor Han Jing recruited his concubine Ji Cheng at night. Ji Cheng doesn't know why, so he doesn't want to go, so he sent a maid-in-waiting Tang Er to become a monk. Jingdi was drunk and in a daze, and there was a descendant of Liu Xiu. His predecessor, from Wang to Liehou to his father Liu Qin's generation, was just a small official like Jiyang County Magistrate. In 5 BC, Liu Xiu was born. In AD 3, his father died, and Liu Xiu, who was only 9 years old, and his brother and sister became orphans. They had no choice but to go to Nanyang County and rely on his uncle Liu Liang to raise them and become ordinary civilians.

Since the Western Han and Yuan emperors, political affairs have become increasingly corrupt. When he became emperor, Wang, the empress dowager, headed by Wang's consorts, monopolized the power of state affairs. Coupled with the fatuity of Emperor Han Cheng, he doted on Zhao's sisters extremely, which formed a situation of "Zhao chaotic my family".

Wang Mang's experience of "Han Angong" and "patting the emperor" is almost a repeat of the former Duke of Zhou's regency. In the first year of the Western Han Dynasty, that is, in the year of AD 8, Wang Mang abolished Liu Ying as the Duke of Ding 'an, officially ascended the throne and proclaimed himself emperor, established a new dynasty, and established the "founding of the Yuan Dynasty". After 2 14 years of rule, the Western Han Dynasty finally perished.

In the last few years in Xin Mang, natural disasters such as floods and droughts continued, and the vast Central Plains was bare and sad. Finally, during the Tianfeng period in Xin Mang, dozens of peasant armies such as Chimei, Greenwood and Tongma rose one after another. Suddenly, the sea was torn apart and the world was in chaos.

be born in troubled times

Although Liu Xiu was named a descendant of the royal family, his branch belongs to a distant branch. Liu Xiu is a man, but Ada is not like his eldest brother Ada, who ignores his family, loses everything, makes friends with heroes all over the world and wants to do great things. And Liu Xiuze is "more powerful than others" [9], and he is extremely cautious. In the last few years of Xinmang, the world was in chaos. Many children in Ada and Nanyang want to take advantage of the chaos, but Liu Xiu is very cautious when observing the current situation. According to the 90-volume Preface to Taiping HanDong's View of History, "I went to school for a long time and the weather changed, so I decided to fight." It can be seen that Liu Xiu decided to go to war after careful consideration and careful decision, and saw that the world was really in chaos! The differences in personality also determine the completely different endings of Ada and Liu Xiu in the future.

Because Liu Xiu brothers and the children of Nanyang imperial clan fought in Fuling Township, Nanyang County (now Zaoyang, Xiangyang City, Hubei Province), the military forces of Liu Xiu brothers were called Fuling Army in history. The main force of Fuling army is Nanyang imperial clan and Liu, the hero of this county. There are few soldiers and poor equipment. Even in the early days, Liu Xiu rode an ox to fight, which became a good story in later legends. After a fierce battle, he killed Xinye Wei, and Liu Xiucai got a war horse. In order to expand the momentum and strengthen the anti-Mang force, Fuling soldiers joined forces with the three largest main forces in greenwood hero, namely Xinshi, Linping and Xiajiang, and expanded their mutual strength. They fought fiercely with the conquering army in Qinshui, Yuyang and Xin Mang successively, crushing the Mang army and killing the generals and Pi.

In 23 A.D., Liu Xuan, the imperial clan of the Western Han Dynasty, was proclaimed emperor by the main generals of outlaw heroes, establishing a "new stove", and the restoration emperor in history was Liu Xuan. In this regard, he was extremely dissatisfied with the Liu clan in Nanyang, but he had to give up temporarily because of the large number of greenwood soldiers and the strong enemy ahead. Ada was named the great Stuart, while Liu Xiu was named the too ordinary general. The establishment of the revolutionary new regime and the reuse of the banner of the Han Dynasty greatly shook the new house. Follwed immediately sent generals Wang Yi and Wang Situ from counties to find 420,000 chosen men to pounce on Kunyang and Wancheng in an attempt to destroy the new regime. [ 10]

In May of the same year, Wang Yi and Wang Xun led the troops out of Luoyang in the west and went south to Yingchuan (now Yuxian County, Henan Province) to meet Yanyou and Chen Mao, forcing Liu Xiu's army to withdraw from Yangguan (now northwest Yuxian County, Henan Province) to Kunyang. There are only 9,000 Han troops in Kunyang, and many people are afraid of losing. They want to abandon the city and retreat to Jingzhou. Liu Xiu persuaded the generals to stick to Kunyang on the grounds that "the combination of vertical and horizontal forces can still win, but the situation of dispersion is difficult to maintain". At this time, follwed troops have approached the north of the city. Liu Xiu led 13 cavalry out of the city overnight and went to Dingling County and Yan County to mobilize reinforcements. Later, 17,000 infantry and cavalry went to Kunyang.

Wang Yi and others, relying on their own powerful strength, threatened: "Millions of teachers will be destroyed if they go too far. Today, the massacre is advanced, dancing before the song, and cooking quickly! " Wang Yijun attacked Kunyang City and dug a tunnel to build a cloud car. Kunyang defenders have no way to escape and stick to Chengwei. At this time, Wang Mang's army was exhausted from the long war and lost its momentum. On June 1 day, Liu Xiu led more than 10,000 people to rescue Kunyang. Liu Xiu personally led more than a thousand elite as pioneers, and dashed many times, killing more than a thousand people in Wang Mang's army, which greatly encouraged the morale of the Han army. Then, they took 3000 soldiers around the enemy, sneaked into Kunshui (now Huihe River in Yexian County, Henan Province) and launched a fierce attack on Wang Yi's base camp. Wang Yi still underestimates his enemy, and ordered the battalions to exercise restraint and not to send troops without authorization. Wang Yi's military forces were in trouble, and Wang Xun died, so the general dared not help. The defenders of Kunyang saw the victory of the Han army outside the city and took advantage of it to attack. Wang Mang's army was in chaos, running for their lives everywhere, trampling on each other, and corpses were everywhere. At this time, suddenly the wind flew tiles, and the rainstorm was like a note, and the drowning people surged. More than 10,000 people of Wang Mang's army drowned in water, but the drowning people did not flow.

The main force of the new dynasty, known as the million-strong army, fell at the gates of Kunyang, and the three assistants were shaken, and the new headstrong regime collapsed. In September of the first year of restarting, the outlaw hero invaded Chang 'an, Wang Mang died in a scuffle, and the new dynasty collapsed. [ 10]

Low-key patrol to Hebei

Liu Xiuze, who made great contributions in the battle of Kunyang, went south to attack the city. At this time, a bad news came that Liu Xiu's eldest brother Ada was killed by Chiang Kai-shek. His brother was killed by the furious emperor, which was undoubtedly a great blow to Liu Xiu. However, Liu Xiu's ability to endure sadness and become more humble, his sadness and indignation are intangible, which shows that Liu Xiu keeps a low profile and bears the burden. In order to avoid the suspicion of the former emperor, he hurried back to Wancheng to apologize to Liu Xuan, and did not have personal contact with his eldest brother Ada. Although Liu Xiu did Kunyang's work first, he did not show Kunyang's work and said that his brother was guilty and he was at fault. He was killed again because Ada refused to obey the imperial power. He was ashamed to see Liu Xiu so humble. After all, Liu Xiu's two brothers made great contributions, so Liu Xiu was not found guilty, but had to be named Wu Xinhou. Shortly after Liu Xiu returned to Wancheng, he was named Wu Xinhou and married Yin Lihua, the daughter of the upstart he longed for for many years.

However, Liu Xiu knew that even for a while, the new emperor would not doubt himself, and he might get the same fate as his brother Ada in the future. After all, his works in Gaozhen are very famous.

At that time, although the Xin Mang Dynasty perished, all counties and counties in the north of the Yellow River held a wait-and-see attitude and never joined the new regime. The Red Eyebrow Army is developing rapidly in Shandong, with increasing momentum. There are "Three Kings of Hebei", Tongma, Youlai, Xiao Wei, Gongsun Shu and other separatist forces. Liu Ci said to Liu Xuan, "Liu Xiu is the best person to go to Hebei to recruit. And it is only suitable for Liu Xiu to go to Hebei. " In addition, the stability of Hebei will determine the fate of the new regime. At that time, there was a popular nursery rhyme in the south: "I can't get it, it's in Hebei." However, the outlaw heroes represented by Bi strongly opposed the visit to Hebei. Liu Xuan killed Ada, which was strongly suggested by Zhu Bi and Li Yi. The reason why Zhu Bi won't let Liu Xiu go is very simple, not that he has no ability, but that his ability is too strong. Liu Xuan is embarrassed, and Zhu Bi's opposition here is reasonable. Let him go. Liu Xiu's influence is getting bigger and bigger, which is too dangerous. If he is not allowed to go, the recruitment work in Hebei will be even worse and more dangerous. While Liu Xuan was hesitating, Feng Yi gave Liu Xiu a trick up his sleeve. Feng Yi suggested Liu Xiu that he must find a way to please Cao Jing, the left prime minister. Liu Xiu followed Feng Yi's advice and "accepted it". [8]

Be crowned emperor

In 23 AD 10, Liu Xuan sent Liu Xiuxing to cross the Yellow River north to comfort the counties in Hebei. On the way, Deng Yu, Liu Xiu's best friend, crossed the north to catch up with Liu Xiu and started over in Liu Xiuyan, which was doomed to failure. The chaos in the world began, and he advised Liu Xiu to "recruit talents, please the people's hearts, set up a high-impedance business, save the lives of all the people, and take care of the public." The world is not enough! " Deng Yu's words are to Liu Xiu's liking. Shortly after Liu Xiu arrived in Hebei, the son of Chao Miao, the former king of the Western Han Dynasty, proclaimed himself emperor in Handan, while Liu Jie, the son of another royal family of the former Western Han Dynasty in Hebei, also rose up against it. For a time, Liu Xiu was in a very difficult situation and even wanted to flee from Hebei to the south. Thanks to the support of Shanggu and Shanggu counties, especially the young hero Geng Yan, the son of Shanggu satrap Geng Kuang, was full of pride and said to Liu Xiuyan, "There are thousands of riders in Shanggu and Shanggu, and Handan is not worried at all." Liu Xiu happily pointed to Geng Yan and said, "This is my Northern Master." . Soon, with the help of Xie Gong, the minister sent by the first emperor, and Liu Yang, the real king, Liu Xiu led an army to attack Handan and killed Wang Lang and others. It is worth mentioning that in order to promote the alliance between Zhen and Liu Yang, Liu Xiu went to Zhen Dingfu and held a grand wedding with Zhen's niece Guo Shengtong. At this time, it was less than a year since Liu Xiu married Yin Lihua in Wancheng.

Seeing Liu Xiu developing in Hebei, the emperor was very upset. He sent a special envoy to Hebei, named Liu Xiuxiao Wang, and ordered him to hand over his military strength and return to Chang 'an to receive the reward. At the same time, he ordered Shangshu Xie Gong to monitor Liu Xiu's movements at the scene, and arranged for his confidant to be a shepherd in Youzhou to take over the military forces in Youzhou. Liu Xiu refused to accept the order on the grounds that Hebei was uneven. Historically, Liu Xiu "naturally began to turn over a new leaf" at this time. Soon, Liu Xiu instructed his expert, Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, to kill Xie Gong, and his military forces were also collected. At first, Mu Miao, who was sent to Hebei by the emperor, and Wei Shun and Cai Yun, the satrap of Shanggu and other places, were also collected by Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty and Geng Yan. Since then, Liu Xiu has publicly broken with the "Start a new stove treaty".

Liu Xiufa suddenly rode ten counties in Youzhou, and fought fiercely with the peasant troops such as Tongma and Youlai who occupied the counties in Hebei. After fierce fighting, hundreds of thousands of peasant troops were forced to land, and the elite of them were incorporated into the army, greatly increasing their strength. At that time, Guanzhong people called Liu Xiu of Hebei "Emperor Tongma". In June of 25 AD, Liu Xiu, who was already a "transnational million-strong army", ascended the throne in Qian Qiu Pavilion in Juancheng, Hebei Province (now Gucheng Town, Baixiang County, Xingtai City, Hebei Province). In order to show the intention of reviving the Han Dynasty, Liu Xiujianguo still used the title of "Han", which was called the later Han Dynasty (after the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, according to the fact that Luoyang, the capital city, was located in the East) [1 1]

Unify the whole country

Hit the red eyebrow and destroy the kanto.

In October of the first year of Jianwu, Liu Xiu made Luoyang its capital. Chang 'an at this time is extremely chaotic. Liu Pengzi, a pseudo-emperor, was founded with 300,000 troops. He advanced on Guanzhong, started a new stove and sent generals to fight the Red Eyebrow Army. All of them were defeated, with heavy casualties and three auxiliary vibrations! Soon, he turned over a new leaf and surrendered. He was named King of Changsha and was later killed by Chi Mei. Liu Xiuwen heard that there was a conflagration between the two rebel armies, Greenwood and Chimei, and also sent Deng Yuxi into the customs to observe the changes. During this time, Sanfu was hungry, people ate people, the battlements were empty, and the bones covered the wild. Hundreds of thousands of troops were crowded in Chang 'an, and there was a shortage of food and grass in a few days, so we had to withdraw from Chang 'an west and go to Longyou to replenish food and grass. As a result, Xiao Wei, a separatist force in Longyou, was defeated. It was just a severe winter. "Every time it snows heavily, the potholes are full and many people are frozen to death." Hundreds of thousands of troops with red eyebrows had to return to Chang 'an, defeat Deng Yu and fight Chi Mei several times, once occupied Chang 'an, but were defeated by Chi Mei and had to quit. Seeing that Deng Yu's Western Expedition was unfavorable, Liu Xiu sent Feng Yi instead of Deng Yu to command the Western Expedition in Guanzhong. After Feng Yi arrived, Deng Yu joined forces with Feng Yi to fight Chi Mei again, and the result was a crushing defeat. Feng Yi only led a few people to abandon their horses and walk back to camp, but Deng Yu was defeated by Yiyang. Feng Yi assembled his scattered soldiers, reinforced their positions and prepared for another battle. Soon, Feng Yijun and Chi Mei fought again at the bottom of the river (now southwest of Mianchi, Henan Province), and the two sides poured out of the crowd until the sun set. Prior to this, Feng Yi selected lean men in advance, put on the same clothes as the Red Eyebrow Army, and fell on both sides of the road. At this time, when he saw that both sides had failed, the ambush went out. The Red Eyebrow Army was unexpectedly defeated, and more than 80,000 people were forced to land in Fengyi. The battle at the bottom of the city caused the Red Eyebrow Army to be hit hard again. In addition, it had to turn to the southeast again, trying to replenish food and horses and get out of trouble. As early as before the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Liu Xiu, in view of the great hunger in Guanzhong, cannibalism in the west, and Xiao Wei's heavy troops, expected that Red Eyebrow would move eastward or southward, so he sent traitor general Hou Jin and others to Tunxin 'an (now Mianchi East, Henan Province) and Jianwei general Geng Yan to Tunyiyang (now Yiyang West, Henan Province) to block the way for Red Eyebrow to move eastward or southward in both directions. Soon, it was learned that Feng Yi had broken the red eyebrow at the bottom of Geng, and more than ten people from the main force of the red eyebrow army went south to Yiyang. Liu Xiu personally led the army to rescue Yiyang, and joined forces with Geng Yan and others to stop Chimei from going south. He led the Sixth Route Army to form an array in front of Yiyang, with Fu Han's elite in front and Xiao cavalry and armored warriors in the back. The soldiers of the Red Eyebrow Army were exhausted, lacking food and grass, and their morale was extremely low. After Gengdi's failure, they moved all the way from Guanzhong to Yiyang to confront the heavy troops set by them. Red eyebrow army unable to fight again, and Feng Yi's army behind. It is impossible to return to Guanzhong. In desperation, hundreds of thousands of red-browed army horses were forced to surrender in Yiyang, and Liu Xiu was presented with a jade seal and a new seven-foot sword. After the fall of Red Eyebrows, surrendered weapons and armor piled up in the west of Yiyang, next to Gundam Mountain (named after Bear Ear, east of Yiyang). At this point, the Red Eyebrow Army, which had been in Shandong for more than ten years, was strangled in a pool of blood by Liu Xiu.

While fighting fiercely with the Red Eyebrow Army in Guanzhong, Liu Xiu also sent generals headed by General Gai Yan, the Tiger Tooth, to crusade against Liu Yong, the king of Liang. Liu Yong, the eighth grandson of Liang Xiaowang Liu Wu in the Western Han Dynasty, came from the Liang family in Damon. According to Liang Dishu, Liu Yong has a good reputation in Liang. When Wang Mang was regent, his father Liu Li, the king of Liang, was killed by Wang Mang because he married the Wei family of Lian Di. Since the beginning of Li Dynasty, Liu Yongfu has been canonized, according to its hometown. After the uprising, Liu Yong-sui rose up according to the country, with the assistance of his brother Liu Fang, recruited and built heroes as generals, captured 28 cities including Yin Shan, Pei, Chu, Huaiyang and Runan, and sent Dong Xian as the general of Wing Han (later called the King of Haixi) and Zhang Yan as the general of Auxiliary Han (later called the King of Qi). After the defeat, Liu Yong For Liu Xiu, the most threatening military group is Liu Yong, who is located near Suiyang in the east. Suiyang, where Liu Yong is located, is close at hand, threatening the safety of Luoyang, the capital. Since the second year of Wu's founding, General Gai Yan of Huya and General Geng Yan of Jianwei have been sent to pacify Liu Yong and General Zhang Yan of Qingzhou, who are independent of Suiyang respectively. Especially the battle between Geng Yan and Zhang Yan in Qi was extremely tragic. "All the ditches in the city are full, and the zombies in eighty or ninety miles are all each other." During this period, Liu Xiu also personally wooed Dong Xian, the king of Haixi, and won a great victory. By the beginning of the sixth year of Jianwu, Guandong was basically decided by Liu Xiu. [ 12]

Looking forward to Shu, unify the world.

From the first year of Jianwu to the beginning of the sixth year of Jianwu, after nearly six years of Western Expedition, Liu Xiu has basically controlled the vast Central Plains except Longyou and Bashu, basically unified the eastern part of China, and formed a foothold with Xiao Wei in Longyou in the northwest and Gongsun Shu in Bashu in the southwest.

In April 30, Emperor Guangwu went to Chang 'an and told Xiao Wei that seven generals, including Geng Yan, would be sent to attack Shu from Longxi. Xiao Wei objected and sent general Wang Yuan to attack the Han army in Gansu (now northwest of Longxian County, Shaanxi Province). In April, the Han army climbed Longshan along the Weibei Plain and attacked Tommy Tam, which was defeated. Wang Yuan followed closely. Fortunately, Ma Wu led the patrol, which enabled the Han army to retreat. Liu Liu left Geng Yan in Shouqi County (now Binxian County, Shaanxi Province), Feng Yishou in Shoulong City (now northeast of Xunyi County, Shaanxi Province), offered sacrifices to Yixian County (now south of Longxian County, Shaanxi Province), and transferred Wu Han from Luoyang to the west to gather troops in Chang 'an. Xiao Wei took advantage of the situation to send troops to attack Changyi, and Wang Yuan took Ganxian, all of which were defeated. At that time, Dou Rong, the separatist regime in Hexi, had joined forces with Liu Xiu to attack Jincheng (now northwest of Lanzhou City, Gansu Province), crushed the Qiang strongmen who helped Xiao Wei, and Xiao Wei was caught between Scylla and Charybdis. When fighting Han, our generals joined Han. Guangwudi gave him five thousand fighters, recruited Xiao Wei's subordinates and Qiang leaders, and divided and disintegrated Xiao Wei from the inside. Xiao Wei wrote to Liu Xiu to show goodwill, trying to use it as a delaying tactic, but failed. That is, he sent envoys to Gongsun Shu.

In the spring of 3 1 a.d., Gongsun Shu made Xiao Wei King of Shuoning and sent troops to help Gansu. In autumn, Kui rode 30,000 soldiers to attack Anding County (county governs Gaoping, now Guyuan, Ningxia) and entered Yinjia (now Jingchuan East, Gansu). Another army was sent to attack Ganxian in an attempt to seize Guanzhong, which was defeated by Feng Yi and Ji Zun respectively. The following spring, Laishe led an army of 2,000 people, secretly set out from Xu Fan and Zhonghui, captured Lueyang and threatened Jixian County. Xiao Wei concentrated its elite troops to counterattack Lueyang for several months. Leap in April, Liu Xiucheng Xiao Wei's military strength increased greatly, and his foot soldiers were exhausted, and he invaded Gaoping's first city. Dou Rong also rode tens of thousands of troops to meet them in Hexi. The Han army entered Longshan, with thirteen generals, such as Commander Wating. Sixteen counties, more than 100,000 troops all fell, and Lueyang was besieged. Xiao Wei rate areas fled to the west side. The Han army occupied Tianshui County. When the rest of the peasant army resumed, the capital was in chaos and Emperor Guangwu rushed back to Luoyang.

In November of the same year, when Cen Peng was filling Longxi water, he led five thousand Shu soldiers to defend from the highlands with Xun Guan and Zhou Zong. The Han army was caught off guard, waiting to rush into Xicheng to meet Hebei. At that time, the supply of the Han army was difficult, and the ministries were forced to leave Longxi. Xiao Wei cleaned up the mess and occupied the counties in Longxi at that time. In the first month of nine years, Xiao Wei died. The ministries held their youngest son Kun Chun as king.

In August 32 AD, Geng Yan and Kou Xun attacked Gaoping, the first city. In October, Lai and Gaiyan breached the city gate, Wang Yuan fled to Gongsun Shu alone, and Kun Chun surrendered. The battle lasted for four years and Longxi was pacified. [ 13]

After Ping Long War, Liu Xiu attacked Gongsun Shu from south and north in Yizhou.

In March of 35 AD, Fu Haiwu led 60,000 Jingzhou soldiers and 5,000 horses to join forces with Cen Peng in Jingmen and entered Shu along Jiangxi. Laishe, changed his words, led troops from Longxi to attack Hechi and enter Shu. In the spring of the 11th year, the Cen Peng Army on the downtown returned to Jiangxi, captured Jingmen, captured Sung Hoon and cut off Ren Man. Tian Rong retreated to Jiangzhou (now the north bank of Jialing River in Chongqing, Sichuan), and Peng Sui went straight to Jiangguan from the Three Gorges. Attached to the counties along the way, the army matched Jiangzhou.

In June of the same year, the troops from the North Road defeated Wang Yuan and Huan 'an Army, breached Bian Xia (now northwest of Chengxian County, Gansu Province) and Hechi, and advanced into Shu. Gongsun Shu sent someone to assassinate Laihe, and Liu Xiunai sent general Shangliu to continue to lead the army south. Jiangzhou city has a lot of solid grain, which is not easy to break. So Cen Peng abandoned the siege and led the main force to Dianjiang (now Hechuan, Sichuan) to break the flat canal (now Hechuan East, Sichuan). Gongsun Shu, Lu Bi, Gong Lingbing refused to defend Guanghan (present-day Sichuan) and Zizhong (present-day Ziyang, Sichuan), and sent Hou Dan to lead twenty thousand troops to refuse to defend Huangshi (present-day Hengshitan, northeast of Fuling, Sichuan). Cen Peng stayed in Pingqu and refused the main force of Shu soldiers. He led his troops back to Jiangzhou, Jiangxi and attacked Huangshi. The journey was more than 2,000 miles, bypassing the middle reaches of Minjiang River, occupying Wuyang (now Pengshan, Sichuan) and attacking Guangdu (now south of Chengdu, Sichuan and northeast of Minjiang River). Gongsun Shu sent someone to assassinate Cen Peng. Liu Xiu ordered haing s ngor to lead thirty thousand troops to the front to replace Cen Peng.

In 36 AD 1 month, Wu Han defeated the Shu army in Yuwujin (now the Minjiang Ferry in Meishan, Sichuan) and entered Wuyang, killing more than 5,000 Shu reinforcements. Breaking Guangdu in the west, approaching Chengdu. Enthusiastic to win, haing s ngor led 20,000 infantry to attack Chengdu, and suffered a crushing defeat. Haing Wu Han immediately changed his tactics, secretly retreated to the south bank of Jinjiang and joined forces with Liu Shanghe, the lieutenant, to wage a fierce battle with the enemy and turn defeat into victory. Since then, haing s ngor has fought the Shu army between Chengdu and Guangdu according to Liu Xiu's tactics of attacking after the enemy has exhausted, annihilated a large number of effective forces in Gongsun Shu, and arrived at the gates of Chengdu. 1 1 month, conquered Fan Fan (now northwest of Peng County, Sichuan Province) and Yun (now Pixian County, Sichuan Province), and joined forces with Wu Han to encircle Chengdu. Gongsun Shu gathered five thousand men who dared to die and handed them over to Yan Cen to prepare for a decisive battle. Cen Yan defeated haing s ngor at Shiqiao (now the southern suburb of Chengdu, Sichuan). Haing s ngor hides the elite and lures the enemy with his weakness. Gongsun Shu rashly attacked, the Shu army was defeated, and Gongsun Shu was seriously injured and killed (see the Battle of Guangdu Chengdu). Yan Cen saw that the tide was gone and led the defenders of Chengdu to surrender. [ 13]

From the first year of Jianwu to the twelfth year of Jianwu (AD 36), it took Liu Xiu twelve years to finally conquer the world after he ascended the throne, reuniting ancient China, which had been torn apart since the last years of Xin Mang. [ 12]

stop

Liu Xiuqin is in politics. "Every time I look at the DPRK, it will be sunny. I have said the manager several times and I will be sleepy at night." During his reign, he issued many imperial edicts to release handmaiden and prohibit their abuse. In order to reduce the poor from selling themselves into handmaiden, relief food is often distributed, the corvee rent is reduced, water conservancy projects are built and agricultural production is developed. Cut and merge counties and streamline officials. As a result, more than 400 counties were laid off, and officials were one in ten. In history, it was called the reign of Emperor Guangxu. During this period, the country was prosperous and was called "Jianwu Shi Sheng".

After Liu Xiu unified China, he was tired of the military and didn't talk about the army. In 5 1 a.d., Cang Gong, the Duke of Langya, and Yang Xu, Hou Mawu wrote: Please take advantage of the split of Xiongnu and the weakness of Xiongnu in the north to send troops to attack it, and make it "a work of carving stones forever". Guangwu wrote a letter: "There is no good governance in this country, and disasters are endless. People don't protect themselves, and they are far from the point of desire! " It is better to let the people rest. ".Liu Xiu treated heroes well, and named more than 360 heroes as liehou, giving them respect and knowing only their military strength.

In the second year of Jianwu (AD 57), Liu Xiu died of illness in the front hall of Nangong at the age of 62. The testamentary edict said: "I am of no benefit to the people. Everything should be done according to Emperor Xiaowen's system and we must be frugal." Don't leave your city, don't send officials or mail letters of sympathy. "[14] After Liu Xiu's death, his son Liu Zhuang succeeded to the throne, and was buried in the original mausoleum in March of the same year, and he was the founder of Shi-zu [15], Emperor Guangwu of posthumous title.