Chu people were outstanding politicians and patriotic poets at the end of the Warring States period. The name is flat and the word is original. Qu Xian, the son of Chu Wuwang Xiong Tong, was born in Danyang (now Zigui, Hubei).
Qu Yuan was the first great patriotic poet in China. He initiated a new era of poetry from collective singing to individual independent writing, and was the founder of China's positive romantic poetry tradition. 1953, Qu Yuan was also listed as one of the "four cultural celebrities in the world" (Copernicus in Poland, Shakespeare in Britain, Dante in Italy), which was solemnly commemorated by the World Peace Council and people all over the world.
Qu Yuan experienced three periods in his life, namely, He and Wang. In order to realize the great cause of Chu reunification, Qu Yuan actively assisted in political reform in China and insisted on uniting with Qi to resist Qin. At one time, there was a situation in which the country was rich and the princes were mighty. However, due to the sharp contradiction between Qu Yuan and the decadent aristocratic group of Chu State in internal affairs and diplomacy, as well as the jealousy of Shangguan doctor and others, Qu Yuan was later framed by a small group of people and alienated. In twenty-four years, Chu completely fell into the arms of Qin. Qu Yuan was also expelled from Du Ying and went to the Northern Han Dynasty. In the thirty years of Wang Huai, Qu Yuan returned to Du Ying. In the same year, the State of Qin met the military attache Wang detained by the State of Qin, and finally died in the State of Qin. After Wang Xiang ascended the throne, Qu Yuan continued to implement the policy of surrender and was deported again.
Qu Yuan's works profoundly exposed the darkness of Chu politics, the decay of Chu aristocratic groups and the fatuity of Chu kings, and showed his fighting spirit of adhering to the ideal of "beautiful politics", insisting on moral integrity and "not regretting his death". At the same time, he showed his determination to care about the country and people, love the country and devote himself to the motherland. Although Qu Yuan was exiled or even exiled, he always thought about the rise and fall of the motherland and the sufferings of the people, hoping that the King of Chu would repent and strive to be the master of rejuvenation. He knew that being loyal to honesty and frankness would lead to disaster, but he always "endured but could not give up". Knowing that he is facing many dangers, he can go to other countries to find a way out in the era of "using Chu materials", but he refuses to leave Chu, showing his infinite loyalty to the motherland and his personality and will to win glory with the sun and the moon.
Qu Yuan is the first great patriotic poet in the history of China literature and an outstanding representative of romantic poets. As an outstanding politician and patriot, Qu Yuan's spirit of loving the motherland and the people, persisting in the truth and treating death as death, and his lofty personality of "glory for the sun and the moon" have inspired and nurtured countless Chinese sons and daughters for thousands of years, especially when the nation was in danger.
In the history of China, Qu Yuan was the most admired and loved poet by the people. According to geographical records, Qu Yuan threw himself into the river on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. The custom of making zongzi and racing dragon boats in China originated from people's commemoration of Qu Yuan.
Su Wu (65438 BC+040 BC ~ 60 BC)
Zi ziqing. Ling Du (now in the middle and west of Xi, Shaanxi) was a famous man of loyalty in the Western Han Dynasty.
Father Su Jian, who followed the famous Wei Qing to attack Xiongnu many times in the north, later became the magistrate of Dai Jun. The bureaucratic system at that time stipulated that if the father was an official, the son could first enter the official rank from a lower rank. Su Wu is also a LangGuan first, and then gradually promoted. In the first year of the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, that is, in 100 BC, he was ordered to send an envoy to Xiongnu as a corps commander. Because King Gou Jian of Xiongnu plotted to kidnap Khan's mother, E Shi, and submit to the Han Dynasty, John Zhang, the messenger of the Han Dynasty, was also involved, and Su Wu was also implicated.
In order to force Su Wu to surrender, Xiongnu Khan initially locked him in the cellar. Su Wu was so hungry that he ate snow and Mao Weisheng, but he never surrendered. Khan took him to the North Sea (now Lake Baikal in the Soviet Union), and Su Wu was even more unmoved. He still holds Jeff of the Han Dynasty, herding sheep for a living, showing tenacious perseverance and unyielding integrity. Later, after Zhao Di ascended the throne, the Han Dynasty married the Huns and asked them to return Su Wu and other envoys, but Khan lied that Su Wu and others were dead. Later, when the envoys of the Han Dynasty came to the Xiongnu area, they finally learned that Su Wu was still alive, so they threatened that the emperor of the Han Dynasty had shot a wild goose in Shanglinyuan, with silk on its feet, and made it clear that Su Wu was in the swamp in the north. Khan had to return Su Wu and other nine people.
Su Wu stayed in Xiongnu for a long time, with 19 years. In the sixth year of Zhao Di's reign, that is, 8 1 year BC, Su Wu finally returned to Chang 'an.
Yue Fei [Song] (1103 ~1142)
Ju Peng, a native of Tangyin, Xiangzhou, Henan Province, was a great star in the Song Dynasty. The mother is the most filial and the family is poor. His mother tattooed the word "loyal to the country" on his back, and Yue Fei took it as his life criterion. In 1 129, Jin Wushu crossed the river and conquered Jiankang. Yue Fei persisted in resisting, and recovered the "kidnapper soldiers" of Jiankang in Yancheng the following year, and recovered Zhengzhou and Luoyang. Rebels from two rivers (Huaihe River and Yellow River) responded that they wanted to re-enter Zhuxian Town and cherish the efforts of Premier Qin Gui to make peace.
The army led by Yue Fei is called "Yue Jiajun", and Jin Bing is very afraid of "Yue Jiajun". As the saying goes, "it is easy to shake the mountain but difficult to shake the Yue family army".
Xin Qiji (1 140- 1207)
Poets in Southern Song Dynasty. The word euan, no. Jia Xuan was born in Licheng (now Jinan, Shandong). At birth, Shandong was occupied by nomadic people. 2 1 year-old joined the anti-Jin army and soon returned to the Southern Song Dynasty. He has been to Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian and eastern Zhejiang.
During his tenure, he took active measures to recruit exiles, train the army, reward farming, fight corruption, and attach importance to stability and people's livelihood. He persisted in resisting gold all his life. His anti-gold suggestion was not adopted and was hit by the peace faction. I have left my post for a long time and lived in Shangrao and Lead Mountain in Jiangxi. I used it in my later years and soon died of illness.
His ci tries to restore the patriotic enthusiasm of national reunification, pour out the grief and indignation of hard-to-pay ambition, and expose and criticize the humiliating surrender of the upper ruling group in the Southern Song Dynasty. There are also many works that praise the rivers and mountains of the motherland. The artistic style is diverse, mainly bold. Passionate, generous and tragic, vigorous brushwork, and Su Shi are also called "Su Xin".
Wen Tianxiang (June 61236—1283,65438+1October 9)
First named Sun Yun, the word Tianxiang, later changed to Song Rui, the word is good, so it was named Wenshan. Jizhou (now Ji 'an County, Jiangxi Province) is from Luling. National heroes and patriotic poets in the Southern Song Dynasty.
In the first year of Gongdi Deyou (1275), Yuan soldiers crossed the river, and Wen Tianxiang cleared all his possessions, recruited talents, and set out to be diligent. In the second year, the Prime Minister Ren You went to Yuan Ying to negotiate, only to be detained by Bo Yan and sent to the north. Later, he escaped from Zhenjiang. Try to recover and move southeast. In the third year of Jingyan (1278), Wen Tianxiang was captured by Zhang Hongfan's army at Wupoling, and Tianxiang wrote a letter to surrender to Zhang Shijie. It was a book called "Poems of Crossing the Zero-Ding Ocean": "The bitter struggle comes, but the war is sparse. The mountains and rivers are broken, and the life experience is stormy. The emperor was afraid of the beach and said he was afraid of the emperor. Who hasn't died since ancient times? Take the heart of Dan and shine. " Hongfan laughed it off, and soon sent a special envoy to escort him to Dadu, where he went on a hunger strike for eight days without dying. He was detained in Fu Xue Hutong for four years. In the second year of Emperor Ji Sheng (1279), after the demise of the Song Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang still stuck to his original heart and said in a letter to his sister, "It is sad to receive a letter from Miss Liu. Who has no wife, children, flesh and blood? But now, it is a kind of life to die without hesitation. what can I do? What a pity! ..... can make Liu Nv and Huan Nv become good people, but dad can't. Tears choked and choked. " In prison, he wrote the third volume of the Guide and the Song of Justice.
Yuan Shizu cherishes his talents and sends Ahema, the Pingzhang Administrative Officer, and Boluo, the Prime Minister, to surrender. In the 19th year of Yuan Dynasty (1282), Yuan Shizu summoned Wen Tianxiang and surrendered himself. Wen Tianxiang is indomitable. "Nothing can be done except death." The next day, he was executed at Chaishikou. Tianxiang bowed his head to the south and died calmly. After his death, he found a poem in his belt: "Confucius said that he is benevolent, and Mencius said that he takes justice and does his best, so benevolence is the best." What have you learned from reading the books of sages? Occasionally, I have no conscience. "He died at the age of 47. At the time of execution, "Russia has an imperial edict to stop it", and Wen Tianxiang is dead. Kublai Khan said regretfully, "Good people are useless to me. It's a pity to really kill him. "
Wen Tianxiang wrote many works, among which Zero Crossing and Ding Yang and Song Zhengqi Written in Prison are the best known and praised. Among them, the poem "Who has never died in life since ancient times, leaving a heart to shine in the history of history" is a swan song throughout the ages.
D (1836- 1895)
The word Xianda,No. Yuting, is from Dingjiakan Village, North Lane, Lujiang County, Anhui Province. He suffered from poverty since childhood. At the age of 65,438+08, he joined the Cheng Xueqi Department of Taiping Army, and later joined the Xiang Army under Ceng Guoquan with Cheng Xueqi to pay tribute to General Qian. 1862 was appreciated by Li Hongzhang and incorporated into the "Ming" camp of Huai Army, where he was awarded the post of general and commanded the cavalry. 1874, his 3rd battalion was abolished, so he returned to the battlefield. 1877 was reactivated. 1888 was officially appointed as the prefect of Beiyang navy. Although Ding was born in the military and knew nothing about the modern navy, he was eager to learn and read more, humbly asked for advice, did his duty and worked hard. Under his unified guidance, Beiyang Navy has taken on a new look. In the Yellow Sea naval battle, he took the lead. Although seriously injured, he refused to leave the cabin and has been sitting on the deck to supervise the battle. In the battle of ahava, he faced the temptation of the enemy and the coercion of some reactionary officials, remained steadfast and fought to the death, and finally died heroically.
Zhu Ziqing (1898165438+1October 22nd-65438+August 0948 12)
Originally known as Huazi, Pei County,No. Qiushi, a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang, and Donghai County, Jiangsu. China was a poet and prose writer in modern times.
Growing up in Yangzhou, 19 16 graduated from No.8 Middle School in Jiangsu Province and married Wu Zhongqian according to his parents' orders. Because of his poor family, he had to finish his college studies as soon as possible. At that time, the university was usually four years, and he finished studying in three years. When he was studying at Peking University, he was a founding member of the trendy society, participated in the May 4th Movement and participated in a lecture group on civilian education. Two children were born during this period. 1920 graduated and then taught in a middle school. He taught in seven schools in 1956. His unstable life and heavy family burden at a young age have resulted in his mature and steady personality. 1925, that is, at the age of 27, he entered Tsinghua University (the predecessor of Tsinghua University) to teach under the recommendation of a friend. 1929165438+1On October 26th, his wife Wu passed away. 193 1 studied English literature and linguistics in London, returned to China the next year, and soon married Chen Zhuyin. On June 6th, 1948 and 18, the Declaration on Protesting American Policy of Aid to Japan and Refusing to Accept American Aid to Flour was signed. On August 6th, stomach trouble recurred and 12 died under the pressure of poverty and disease. In Farewell to Si Tuleideng, Mao Zedong thinks that Zhu Ziqing and Wen Yiduo are better than Bo Yi, which "shows the heroism of our nation".
In addition:
Qu yuan cast into the river;
Su Wu shepherd;
Wen Tianxiang would rather die than surrender;
Tao Yuanming lived in seclusion as an official;
Zhenbanqiao
Lin Zexu
hongchang ji
Sitong Tan
1898 gentleman
Xu Beihong
Li Dazhao
Liu Hulan
Zheng Chenggong
Chen ran
fang zhimin