There are four basic methods of dialectical thinking.

Induction and deduction,

Analysis and synthesis,

These two are formal logic and dialectical logic;

From abstract to concrete,

Logic and history are unified,

These two methods are unique to dialectical thinking.

Abstract and concrete methods are intrinsically related to the method of integrating logic and history. The process of rising from abstract to concrete is also a process of reproducing the historical development of objects with logical inevitability. The unity of logic and history is an inherent requirement from abstraction to concreteness.

1. Logic refers to rational thinking or abstract thinking, which reflects the regularity of objective things in the form of theory.

2. History has two meanings: first, it refers to the historical development process of objective reality; Second, it refers to the historical development process of human cognition.

A truly scientific understanding is a reflection of the real historical development, which requires the logic of thinking to be consistent with the historical process.

1. History is the basis and content of logic, and logic is the theoretical representation of history, which is a "corrected" history.

The consistency between logic and history is a basic principle of dialectical thinking.