The development stage of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine has generally experienced three stages: ① the stage of clinical experiment description in 1950s. Mainly based on western medicine diagnosis, Chinese medicine treatment or combined medication. Observe the curative effect according to the western medicine index. ② the stage of combining clinical research with experimental research in 1960s and 1970s. Clinically, diseases are mainly analyzed by syndrome differentiation and classification, and experimental research has been carried out. A number of research results have appeared, such as acupuncture anesthesia, treatment of fracture with combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine, and treatment of acute abdomen. ③ Mechanism discussion and theoretical innovation stage after 1980s. By using animal models and experimental observation methods, the study of syndromes and meridians has been pushed to a deeper level.
Methods The ways and methods of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine are as follows:
(1) the combination of disease diagnosis and treatment. Including the combination of disease and syndrome in diagnosis, comprehensive coordination in treatment and mutual use in theory. The combination of disease and syndrome is to determine the name of the disease by using the diagnostic method of western medicine, and at the same time to carry out syndrome differentiation, classification and staging of Chinese medicine. In this way, we can look at the disease from two different medical angles, not only paying attention to the etiology and local lesions, but also considering the overall response and dynamic changes in the process of the disease, thus guiding the treatment. Comprehensive coordination refers to the optimization of each therapy at different stages of treatment according to the respective theories of Chinese and Western medicine. It is not a simple combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine, but an organic cooperation and mutual supplement, which can often achieve higher curative effect. Theoretically, mutual use is based on different needs, or focuses on the treatment guided by the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, or focuses on the treatment guided by the theory of western medicine, or based on the new theory formed by the combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine.
② Study on the diagnosis method of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine. Western medicine and modern scientific methods are mainly used to study the four diagnoses of traditional Chinese medicine or to create new diagnostic methods. The most widely used methods are meridian diagnosis, pulse diagnosis and tongue diagnosis. Meridian diagnosis is to link the discovery of meridian examination of traditional Chinese medicine with the diagnosis of western medicine, and establish ear point diagnosis and meridian examination through related research. Through various pulse and tongue image instruments, the doctor's feelings under his fingers are expressed by objective indicators such as images, curves and numbers, and the changes of tongue coating and tongue quality in various tongue diagnoses are objectively reflected by pathomorphology, cytology, biochemistry, hemorheology and optics. In addition, the pulse condition and tongue condition in TCM are compared, and the causes and mechanisms are discussed from the aspects of pathophysiology, biochemistry, microbiology, immunology and hemodynamics. This study is helpful to realize the instrumentalization, objectification and standardization of the four diagnoses of traditional Chinese medicine.
(3) combined with the study of rule of law in traditional Chinese medicine. This paper mainly focuses on the therapeutic principles of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, clearing away heat and toxic materials, regulating attack, benefiting qi and nourishing blood, and strengthening the body resistance and consolidating the foundation. Methods: On the basis of affirming the curative effect, we found out the law of drug use and screened the prescriptions. Then we made an experimental study on the pharmacological action, prescription composition and compatibility mechanism of the relevant prescriptions suitable for this therapy, and then applied the obtained knowledge to clinical verification.
(4) Combined with the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine. The basic theories of traditional Chinese medicine are very rich, some of which are completely different from western medicine. In the past, the research on Yin-Yang theory, Zangxiang theory, Qi-Blood theory and related "syndromes" was mainly carried out from the perspective of Western medicine. The method is to establish the characteristics of the research object on the basis of clinic, and then to find the theoretical combination point of Chinese and western medicine by establishing the animal model or animal disease model of Chinese medicine theory.
⑤ Study on combining prescription drugs. Including the use of western medicine theory and methods to explain the role of traditional prescriptions. It is characterized by the combination of medicine, clinic and experiment, and the combination of single drug research and compound research.
⑥ Through the combination of acupuncture and meridian research. Generally speaking, there are five aspects: first, acupuncture is applied to clinical departments of western medicine and has treated more than 300 diseases; Secondly, the combination of traditional acupuncture technology and western medicine theory and methods has created scalp acupuncture, ear acupuncture, electroacupuncture, laser acupuncture and acupoint injection. The third is to study the mechanism of acupuncture on various systems of human body from the aspects of physiology, physiochemistry, microbiology and immunology, so as to provide modern scientific basis for acupuncture. Fourthly, the clinical application of acupuncture anesthesia is combined with the study of acupuncture analgesia principle; Fifth, on the basis of affirming the phenomenon of meridians and summarizing the law of sensation transmission along meridians, combining the theory of Chinese and Western medicine, combining modern experimental methods with scientific abstract methods, and exploring the mechanism of meridians. Experimental acupuncture is a new discipline which is gradually formed in the process of combining traditional Chinese and western medicine, and uses modern science and technology and experimental methods to study meridians and acupuncture principles.
Since 1950s, the combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine has not only been widely used in clinical medicine and preventive health care, but also produced a number of excellent research results. Clinically, it is more common to diagnose and treat common diseases, frequently-occurring diseases and difficult diseases by combining traditional Chinese and western medicine. A large number of facts show that the combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine has obvious curative effect on some diseases. Such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, aplastic anemia, menoxenia, viral pneumonia, anorectal diseases, fractures, small and medium-sized burns, thromboangiitis obliterans, scleroderma, lupus erythematosus and the like. In the treatment of some acute abdomen, it changed the traditional treatment principle and became a new treatment method with China characteristics, which not only improved the cure rate, but also saved some patients from surgical treatment and reduced complications and side effects. It can also effectively treat medical emergencies, such as respiratory distress syndrome, acute myocardial infarction, shock and acute disseminated intravascular coagulation. A new reduction and fixation method can shorten the time of fracture fixation and functional recovery and maintain good joint function. The combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine also pays attention to the use of non-invasive therapy to treat diseases, and combines some diagnosis and treatment methods of western medicine with qigong, acupuncture and massage of traditional Chinese medicine, which has been widely valued for its non-invasive, simple and effective. For example, Qigong is used to treat hypertension, acupuncture is used to treat nervous system diseases and coronary heart disease, and bone-setting manipulation is used to treat soft tissue injuries. Through clinical observation, good results have been achieved. In recent years, some new disciplines have been established or are in the pipeline, such as pathology of traditional Chinese medicine, experimental acupuncture, acupuncture anesthesia and so on. The understanding of the combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine depends on the progress of science and technology besides its own practice. After the 1980s, the integration of traditional Chinese and western medicine broke through the unified theory, taking the integration of traditional Chinese and western medicine as innovation, which made the integration of traditional Chinese and western medicine achieve new development on the premise of their own development.
The idea of integration of traditional Chinese and western medicine has a long history, but the major of integration of traditional Chinese and western medicine is a young major with a development history of less than 20 years.
Throughout the history of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine, it is not difficult to find that this idea has been full of controversy since its birth. Zhang Xichun's "Learning from the West with Medical Enthusiasm" shows Chinese people that our national medicine and western medicine are interlinked in some places. In view of the backwardness of natural science in China at that time, many people longed for western learning, but western medicine could not replace the position of Chinese medicine in the hearts of Chinese people at that time, and the idea of combining traditional Chinese and western medicine spread at once.
However, this is only a social need, not an academic need. In fact, before Mr. Zhang Lao, many people were taking the road of combining traditional Chinese and western medicine, the most famous of which was Wang Qingren's Medical Forest Incorrect. Mr. Wang Lao struggled for his "Morphology of Traditional Chinese Medicine" all his life, which can be said to be in vain. Now we can't help laughing when we mention his "Correction of Medical Forest". What he left us was his achievements in Chinese medicine, that is, his "Zhu Yu Decoction" group.
After the founding of New China, under the guidance of the idea of "letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend", a group of experts once again put forward the idea of combining traditional Chinese and western medicine, and it quickly developed into a discipline. It is true that this subject has made rapid development since its birth. So that it once became the mainstream of medical development in China. It is said that at a meeting of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine, the spokesman of the meeting said, "In China in the future, there will be no Chinese medicine, no western medicine, only Chinese and western medicine". At this time, an old Chinese doctor stood up and asked, "Chinese medicine is a horse, western medicine is a donkey, and the combination of Chinese and western medicine is a mule." Now that you have killed both the donkey and the horse, where will this mule come from in the future? " At that time, the audience broke into thunderous applause.
Perhaps the old man was just a superficial and vivid metaphor at that time, but now it seems that this metaphor is full of philosophy. When the specialty of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine appeared, it achieved so much, but today, it is not as good as traditional Chinese medicine, let alone western medicine. Why?
Let's imagine that those scholars were concocting "integration of Chinese and western medicine" at that time. Yes, Chinese medicine and western medicine are both subjects that study the human body, and there must be some combination between them. These combination points, as their personal research results, are definitely enough. However, as a discipline, there are still shortcomings-either the two kinds of medicine have not developed to a certain extent, or they cannot be combined into a science. Traditional Chinese medicine is broad, broad and universal, while western medicine is subtle, as small as particles. How easy is it to combine? In short, he was born before the birth of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine. He is either a premature baby or a freak!
But the child was born anyway. When he is born, we will give him basic human rights. For a subject, we should recognize its position.
Next, the child began to grow, and it grew surprisingly fast. Why? Because its parents conceived it on the basis of seeing many points of integration of traditional Chinese and western medicine. This reminds me of the classic metaphor of the old Chinese doctor at the conference on integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine.
When I was a child in the countryside, farmers liked to work with mules. Why? Because mules have both the loyalty and hard work of horses and the stubbornness and explosiveness of donkeys, they can be said to have all the advantages of their parents. However, such a good thing as a mule has a fatal weakness-it cannot be passed on! ! !
This is our combination of Chinese and western medicine. Those predecessors left it to us as a science. At that time, the combination they found was enough to establish the subject, but it was easy to develop. Now some people put forward the idea of "abolishing Chinese medicine", that is, to stifle the mother of integrated Chinese and western medicine. If they really succeed, they will be childless babies after the integration of traditional Chinese and western medicine, and their growth will be more difficult. Even if Chinese medicine stands up tenaciously in this storm, you have to face the fact that your parents' feelings of integrating traditional Chinese and western medicine have broken down.
Oh, poor boy!
Integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine, what is he? Optimistically speaking, he is a premature baby born before Chinese medicine and western medicine developed to a certain extent, or he should not have come to this world at all, because his parents may just have a one-night stand and it is easy to really "combine" later. Pessimistically speaking, the combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine is an academic hybrid. He has "heterosis" in biology, but it is not passable. This is his fatal weakness.