During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which lasted for more than 500 years, the cultural level of Leling was always in the advanced ranks of the whole province, and it was always in a leading position in Wuding Prefecture and the areas under its jurisdiction. During this period, there appeared five gentry in Leling: Shi, Zhang, Wang, Song and Pan. Some children of these families studied hard through the cold window and entered the management of feudal society. While planning and contributing to the rule of feudal dynasties in Ming and Qing dynasties, they also did many good things for the development of social economy and culture and the production and life of ordinary people. Although these families all have heavyweight cultural celebrities, it is a pity that cultural inheritance is not sustainable. With the end of the imperial examination system, these families gradually faded out of the historical stage.

Xiguanshi family

Shi Xiu, the ancestor of the Shi family in Xiguan, Leling, was originally from Liyang, Jiangsu, and was called "General White Horse". During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, he died in Leling when he was on the northern expedition with Xu Da and Chang Yuchun, and later settled in Leling for guarding the tomb. The representative of this family is Shi Bangzhi of VII. He is not only the first historian of Leling, but also the first person of Leling in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Jia * * * took an examination of eight scholars, including Shi Bangzhi VII, Shi Gaoxian VIII, Shi IX, IX, Shi Changkun X, Shi Pu XVI and Shi XVII. In today's Texas, it is the only imperial official family that can compete with the Lushi family in Texas. As far as Leling is concerned, the Shi family not only has the largest number of scholars, but also has three scholars (Shi Bangzhi, Shi Gaoxian and Shi in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty), one table with three cases (Shi Erxin, Shi Zan in the fifty-ninth year of Kangxi) and two brothers (Shi Pu and Shi Zan in the Qing Dynasty). There are 13 people in this family, including the 5th Shi Ao, 12 Shi Erxin, Shi, Shi, 13 Shi Xun, 14 Shi Shangque, Shi Shangpu, Shi, Shi Henian and/kloc- Officials above level 4 1 1 person, and 64 officials above level 7, who won the titles of doctor, wife, miss and pleasant at all levels 140 people. Sun Shigao, the eighth Shi Gao, was the son-in-law of Xing Dong, a calligrapher in the late Ming Dynasty. Seeing many precious calligraphy and paintings and stone carvings related to Xing Dong scattered among the people, he spent a lot of money to redeem the original "Laiqin Pavilion" carved by Lu Ruiting from the pawnshop in Dongguan, Linyi, and now it is hidden in Laoling Cultural Center, which has become a precious material for studying the history of Chinese calligraphy and the artistic achievements of Xing Dong calligraphy, and also a treasure of the town hall of the Cultural Center.

Shi's family heirloom works include: Shi Gaoxian's Xing Taifu Collection, Shi Ji, Shi Shi's Records of the Ming Dynasty, Cao's Notes on the History of the Ming Dynasty, Shi's Poems of Xishan, Shi Sanfu Collection and Shi's Raising Poverty.

Dongguan Zhang family

In the early years of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty, Zhang, the ancestor of the Zhang family, moved from yutian county, Zhili (now Hebei) to Leling County, and has been working as a farmer and doing small business for a living. The representative of his family is Zhang Po, the eighth generation descendant who participated in the case of moving the palace in the Ming Dynasty. Jia * * * took an examination of three scholars, Zhang Po, Zhang Yuanchang and Zhang Guifen. Jury 14, including II Zhang Yanqi, XII, Zhang Zongfeng (martial arts), Zhang Fengtai (martial arts), XIII Zhang Houzhen, XIV Jason, XV Zhang Yan, Zhangdian and XVI. Since the second generation moved to Leling, the Zhang family has won the entrance examination, and also enjoys the reputation of being the first in Leling culture. The representative of the family, and the highest official of the family, was Jaco VIII, and the right deputy of the Chongzhen court of the Ming Dynasty was the Imperial censor, and the official was the second grade.

His family works include: Zhang Po's Chronicle of Gengshen, Imagining Grass, Trying Grass, Nan's Chronicle of Southbound Travel, Qi Shi, Selling Meat, Feng, Luanjiao River, Fire and Water Can't Be Contained, etc. Zhong Zhang's Yue Hui, Yue Hui, A Collection of Zhouyi's Late Studies, A General Introduction to the Spring and Autumn Period, A Record of Zhang Ziyuan, Yi Ming's New Collection, Zhang Qu's First Jin 'an, Zhang Ruying's Diary of Yue Yue, Zhang's Poems of Four Knowing Chapters and Zhang Ye.

Beiguanwangjia

Wang Zu was born in Gan 'an County, North Zhili (now Hebei Province), and moved to Sanlizhuang in the north of Leling in the early years of Yongle in Ming Dynasty. The first three generations are anonymous, and the fourth generation is Elvis Presley and Wilson. A large number of students began to appear in VII, and Oracle Bone Inscriptions, discipline and other junior officials appeared in VIII, and the family business flourished in Qing Dynasty. Somebody else * * * took an examination of three Jinshi, including the 13th and 14th Wang and Wang Rongdi; There are eight juren, namely the 10th Wang Bushe (Wu Ju), Wang Dayong (Wu Ju), the 12th Wang Ju, the 13th Wang Rui, Wang Ying, the 14th Wang Rongfeng, Wang Rongshou (Wu Ju) and Wang Rongshou. The representative figures of this family are: Hanlin brothers, Wang and Wang Rongdi in the same light year in Qing Dynasty. The highest officials in the family are Wang Rongdi, the provincial judge of Henan Province, the provincial judge of Henan Province, and the official of Henan Province.

His family works include Cao Xia by Li, Rivers and Grass, Xi Inch Grass, Entertainment Collection, Luo Feng by Wang Suoli, Dumen and Yu.

The Song Family in Dongguan

The grandfathers of the Song family, Song Xuan, Song Shen and Hong Song, joined Judy's Jingnan Army from Shangqiu, Henan Province in the Ming Dynasty. After the Battle of Jingnan, they left the army, and in the first year of Yongle (1403), they were arranged to farm in Jinghai County (now Hebei Province). In the second year of Yongle (1404), he moved from Jinghai County to Leling for settlement. The representatives of this family are Song Yun, the left assistant minister of the Ministry of War in the late Ming Dynasty, and Song, a famous anti-Japanese. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the family produced three scholars, namely the sixth Song Yun, the fifteenth Song (Wu Jinshi) and the sixteenth Song Beike. Six juren were selected, namely 10 Song Zhu, Song Zhi,1/kloc-0 Song, Song (martial arts) and Song Youhe (martial arts). Song Yun is not only the first scholar in the Song family, but also the highest official position in the Song family. During the Wanli period, Song Yun was promoted to the right supervisor of Douchayuan and the governor of Shaanxi because of his outstanding political achievements. During the apocalypse, Wei Zhongxian was persecuted by powerful traitors. After the first year of Chongzhen, with the fall of Wei Zhongxian, Song Yun became the right assistant minister of the Ministry of War, and soon became the left assistant minister, in charge of the Ministry of War affairs. Chongzhen returned to China due to illness for six years and died at home. He was named the minister of war, and his official position was second grade. Song Yun's mansion in Leling County, commonly known as "Song Sima Courtyard", is located on the east side of the Confucian Temple, and the conjoined houses of brick-concrete structure are lined up, which is very spectacular. The main house is where Song Yun lives, and the side houses of 10 are the ancestral temple and the house of its nine sons respectively. The house is spacious and simple, with towering old trees, which have been preserved until the 20th century. Song Fei Biao, the 15th grandson of Wu Jinshi, used to be a bodyguard with a knife, guarding the calm house.

Family works include: Grass under the Forest by Song Yun, Legacy of the Second Song by Song Zhu and Song Zhi, Zheng Bolu by Song Zhi, Ji Yan by Song Jian, and Hundred Flowers of Chrysanthemum by Song Jingzhao.

Dongxiangzi Pan Shi Family

Panduo, the ancestor of Pan Shi, moved from Jinghai County in North Zhili (now Tianjin) to Leling County in the early years of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty and settled in Panjiazhuang (now called Panyuezhuang) in the west of the city. Families began to appear in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, and branches were re-elected in the Qing Dynasty. Pan Shi family * * * took an examination of three Jinshi, including Pan Pengyun VII, Pan Tizhen VIII and Pan Xirong XII; There are six people, including Pan Kejiu IV, Pan Dejun IX, Pan Neizhao IX, Pan Tongshan X, Pan Wenshao XII and Pan XIII. Family representatives are: Pan and Pan Tizhen. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, Pan, the magistrate of Shunde Prefecture (now Xingtai City) in Zhili, was given a set of Ancient Prose by Emperor Kangxi. Pan Tizhen was a doctor of the Ministry of War during the reign of Emperor Yongzheng. During the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, the family compiled a book "Records of Pan Guanxian, the magistrate of Jianning", which recorded in detail the important figures of the Pan Shi family in Leling in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, and was prefaced by Wang Shizhen, the leader of the Kangxi Dynasty poetry circle.

Family works include: Pan Tizhen's General Plan for River Management, Pan Xirong's Local Records of Laoling, and Pan Xikang's Poems of Mustard House. □ Zhang Mingfu, special contributor of this newspaper