First, it is to rectify bureaucracy. When Yongzheng was a prince, he saw more clearly the political malpractice and corruption of Kangxi's officialdom in his later years. Yongzheng succeeded to the throne at the age of 45, which was in his prime and quite mature. As soon as Yongzheng came to power, he drastically rectified the bureaucracy. In the first month of the first year of Yongzheng, Yongzheng successively issued 13 letters. The governor, the governor, the chief secretary, the magistrate, the magistrate, the civil servant and the military attache all warned them not to take bribes and embezzle money, and the military attache was not allowed to eat empty salaries. Offender hell to pay.
He set up a political review, which is to audit finance. If there are any problems in the audit, they should be dealt with seriously. For example, what about the loss of more than two million pieces of silver? All relevant court officials, whether in office or leaving office, will be returned. This move was very clever, which gave a great shock to the corrupt atmosphere of officialdom and reversed the corrupt atmosphere of officialdom in the late Kangxi period. The whole organ, from the six cabinets to the provincial capitals, counties and counties, has shown a better situation of thrift than in the past, and the state treasury is more abundant than when Kangxi was in power. The evaluation of him is as follows: "Records of Food Goods in the Qing Dynasty": "At the beginning of Yongzheng, the income was quite increased by sorting out the finances." Historians commented on Yongzheng: "It is a once-in-a-lifetime thing to rectify and clarify the bureaucracy, cut down bad rules and severely punish those who are greedy for ink. At that time, officials rarely practiced the law honestly, which almost became a custom. Those who are greedy and adventurous want to turn over a new leaf. " It can be said that there would be no prosperity without Yongzheng's drastic rectification of bureaucracy, which is one of them.
Second, establish a military department. It turns out that the military affairs of the Qing dynasty were mainly done by the deliberation room, and the administration was mainly the cabinet. Yongzheng set up a military department outside the city hall and the cabinet. The military affairs minister started with two or three people, and later more often went to eight or nine people. Under normal circumstances, the minister of military affairs is directly responsible to the emperor. Yong Zhengdi summoned the military affairs minister almost every day, and the military affairs minister directly reported important matters to the emperor. However, the power of the military department is higher than that of the cabinet. From the Ming dynasty, the cabinet could draft laws and veto important decisions of the emperor. At this time, it is not possible. The emperor monopolized the power and implemented the Ministry of War, which pushed the feudal monarchy to a peak and greatly strengthened the monarchy.
Third, improve the secret folding system. A secret is a secret. Scholars have studied the monument. In the later years of Shunzhi, Kang Xiduo. When Kangxi was in power, about 100 people were eligible to attend the memorial service. Yongzheng promoted it, and about 1200 people were eligible to attend the memorial ceremony, which expanded the source of information. The memorial can go directly to Yongzheng without going through the cabinet and the town hall. Yongzheng will directly return the instructions to the player himself without going through the cabinet, so that Yongzheng can understand the following situation from all aspects of the country. The combination of Mizhe and the Ministry of War greatly strengthened the imperial power, which is the third.
The fourth is to turn soil into streams. As we all know, in ethnic minority areas, the initial management system was chieftain, and chieftain was chieftain. Tusi and Tusi are hereditary, not appointed by the court. They have been chieftains for generations without supervision, and some chieftains have done bad things and are corrupt, so the central government can't directly issue decrees. By the time of Yongzheng, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and other places had fully implemented the system of returning farmland to the stream. The official is appointed by the court. If you have a tenure, you can flow, so it is called changing the soil into a flow. In this way, the instructions of the imperial court can be directly sent to ethnic minority areas, and officials should be rotated under the supervision of the imperial court, which greatly strengthens the central government's jurisdiction over ethnic minority areas and is also conducive to the economic and cultural development of ethnic minority areas.
Fifth: stand underground. In China, during the imperial era, land and population were taxed separately for a long time. By Yongzheng, on the basis of the existing methods, the system of apportioning the poll tax of the population to the land will be fully implemented, which can exempt some poor landless people from the poll tax. In this way, its positive influence will be alleviated, which is a feudal life attachment, but there is also a problem, that is. By Qianlong, the population of China reached 300 million, and by Daoguang, it reached 400 million.
Sixth: cancel the basic membership. As we all know, there were Dalits in ancient India, and there were Dalits before Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty. At that time, since the Ming Dynasty, the household registration had military and civil status, and the civil status was scholars, farmers and businessmen. The untouchables are untouchables. They don't belong to the city's agriculture, industry and commerce. They can't study and take the imperial examinations. Their status can't be changed from generation to generation. These untouchables have a low status. It is said that it has been handed down from the Song Dynasty, doing some jobs that people look down upon. Yongzheng ordered the abolition of Dalits, Dalits and citizens, which was a kind of social progress. Although there are not many such people, they have positive and progressive significance in history.
In short, during the reign of Yongzheng (13), he carried out major reforms in many things, especially in some systems. So in the last years of Yongzheng, some bad habits in the last years of Kangxi were reversed, and the history of the Qing Dynasty continued to develop upward. Therefore, Yongzheng not only inherited the powerful measures of his father Kangxi, but also corrected some wrong measures in Kangxi period, changed the bad social atmosphere of Kangxi in his later years, and at the same time, many measures of Yongzheng laid the foundation for the prosperity of Qianlong later.
Generally speaking, Yongzheng was a responsible and good emperor politically. The criticism of him mainly comes from whether he succeeded to the throne aboveboard or secretly-this is still a historical mystery. In the last years of Kangxi, many brothers who abandoned the prince fought and slandered each other for the sake of saving the throne. Most of the criticism comes from here. In addition, Yongzheng's reform policy violated the direct interests of some people and was criticized by him.