What happened in Wenxi fire:
1, scorched earth
Li Zongren was the first person in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression who put forward the strategic thought of "scorched earth resisting Japan". At that time, in order to prevent the military supplies from being acquired by the Japanese army, the government stipulated War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's scorched-earth fighting thought, that is, when the enemy entered the suburbs within 30 Li, scorched-earth was used as an active defense. 1938165438+1October1kloc-0 at 9: 00 a.m., Chiang Kai-shek's secret order reached Zhang Zhizhong, chairman of the Hunan provincial government.
Soon, Zhang Zhizhong received a phone call from Lin Wei, deputy director of Jiang's suite room, saying, "Changsha needs scorched earth."
2. The plan has been released
Zhang Zhizhong summoned Xu Quan, the garrison commander and the provincial security chief, and they came up with a "plan to burn the city" at 4 pm on June 5438+0/KLOC-0. There are 13 items in the plan, which clearly requires that "before giving up the defense, all public and private buildings and all materials that are not ready to be transported in Changsha should be burned to avoid being used by the enemy", and "garrison headquarters Second Guard Corps, the provincial capital and Changsha Social Training Corps should be assigned to be responsible for the implementation".
"(1938)165438+1October 13 before two o'clock in the morning" and "enter the preparation post". In addition, the process of burning the city is stipulated, such as the distribution and control of fire, the command, signal, order and discipline of fire. The fire broke out in Tianxin Pavilion.
3. Urban incineration plan
According to Xu Quan, chief of staff of Changsha garrison headquarters, the drafter of the plan, the revised plan (a total of 13) clearly requires that "before giving up the defense, all public and private buildings and all materials that are not ready to be transported in Changsha should be burned to avoid being used by the enemy". "Assign garrison headquarters, the Second Garrison of the Provincial Capital and the Changsha Social Training Corps to be responsible for the implementation",
"(1938)165438+1October 13 before two o'clock in the morning", "enter the preparation position". The plan also stipulates the whole process of burning the city, such as the distribution and control of fire, fire command, signal, order and discipline. The fire broke out in Tianxin Pavilion, which is the highest place in Changsha. Zhang Zhizhong instructed: "Be ready at four o'clock tomorrow morning (13), and I will review it."
Zhang Zhizhong, together with Li Jian and Xu Quan, also established the "Destroy Changsha Command". It was decided to take overall responsibility, with Xu Kun, head of the Second Police Corps, as the commander in chief, and Wang Weineng and Xu Quan, deputy heads of the Municipal Social Training Corps, as the deputy commanders.
4. Accidental fire
1938165438+1October 13 At two o'clock in the morning, the wounded hospital outside the south gate of Changsha suddenly caught fire. After Xu Quan got the report, he called Guan and learned that there was nothing ahead, so it was not suitable for the south gate to make a fire, so his judgment was careless. Xu Quan called Wen Zhongfu, the public security bureau chief, to put out the fire, and the answer was: the police have all evacuated, and so have the firefighters.
In addition, in order to implement scorched earth earlier, all fire engines changed water into gasoline. The accidental fire was not put out quickly. Less than a quarter of an hour later, three fires broke out in the south gate. The garrison command, who didn't know the truth, saw a fire outside the city, thought it was a signal, and threw the lit torch into oil drums or residents' homes. Before long, even Tianxin Pavilion caught fire, and then the whole city caught fire.
Seeing that the fire could not be put out, we had to give up the city. In the end, the Changsha fire burned for five days and nights before it went out on its own.
5. purgatory on earth
Because the city burning plan is strictly confidential, the city burning action happened suddenly without receiving the order. Therefore, when the fire broke out, the people who stayed in the city were still sleeping. When I woke up from my dream, I thought that the Japanese army had entered the city. I was about to run for my life when the fire came, and most of the streets and alleys were sealed by fireworks.
In the crowded and chaotic situation, some people who fled in the raging fire were trampled to death by the crowd, some were crushed to death by cars, and some were burned alive by the fire. A 60-year-old woman was forced into the water tank by the fire and died miserably. A mother with a child hid in a water tank to avoid the fire, and both of them were boiled alive. More than 30 employees of Yutai Huajin hid in the bomb shelter and were all burned to death.
The piercing cries, the horrible screams, and the explosion when the building burns, interweave into a tragic world. Numerous citizens rushed to flee for their lives, and a serious accident occurred at Xiangjiang Ferry in Changsha.
Extended data:
Thoughts on Wenxi fire incident;
1, accidental inducement
Zhang Zhizhong once defended himself against the accusation of "similar conspiracy to set fire" at that time, calling it an "unexpected mutation". "The first is the negligence of me and several senior personnel, the second is the panic of middle and lower cadres, and the third is the ignorance and impatience of those poorly trained soldiers and indignant people."
As for why there is such a premature action? Zhang Zhizhong boils down to "false belief rumors". "Don't give up the state, so it is rumored that the state is unknown, and the traffic in Changde is broken. As soon as the news that the enemy landed in Chenglingji was confirmed, it was said that the enemy could reach Changsha in two days. 12 that night, when the war developed to the front line of Miluo, some people fell into the panic that "the enemy's shallow-water warships could reach the Changsha river bank in three hours".
2. Policy inevitability
Rong Weimu, editor-in-chief of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Studies, pointed out: "The Kuomintang identified scorched earth in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and made preparations for burning the city in advance. With the development of Sino-Japanese war situation, it is only a matter of time. This is the inevitability of fire. " "But the Changsha fire happened in chaos, with certain accidental factors. This situation shows how easy it is for war organizers to make mistakes under the guidance of the one-sided anti-Japanese war line. "
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