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Liu Heng (BC 157- 202 BC, in which BC 180- BC 157 BC reigned) is considered to be the most filial emperor in the ancient history of China. Because of this, he became the only emperor among the "twenty-four filial piety" figures in ancient times, and he was a dutiful son who "tasted soup and medicine". This paper attempts to introduce and analyze Liu Heng's special growth experience from the perspective of family, and its relevance to the policies he later pursued, and then shows that life experience and environment have an important influence on the formation of human character and value orientation.

On the contrary, it is the infidelity of the husband and father that has become the "protective umbrella" for the mother and son.

Liu Bang, the founding emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, gave birth to eight sons. If anyone is the least conspicuous at the beginning, it should be Liu Heng, the hero of this story. The reason why he was marginalized was mainly because his mother, Bo, was born in a humble background and could not get Liu Bang's favor.

On the early life of Bo and his mother and son, we can draw the following basic outline by synthesizing several relevant historical materials:

Bo, her name didn't stay in history. After entering the Han Palace, later generations called her "Ji Bo"; After her son Liu Heng became emperor, she became the "thin queen mother".

Her father is from the State of Wu. During the Qin Dynasty, she had an affair with Wang Wei's female imperial clan and gave birth to a daughter named Bo. So, she is an illegitimate daughter. After the demise of the Qin Dynasty, Wei Bao, the former imperial clan of Wei, became king. Bo's biological father died young. Wei Wei, dragging a son and a daughter, doesn't know whether she is forced by her livelihood or has feelings for her motherland. He gave his daughter to Wei Bao as a concubine. Wei soon perished. As a trophy, Bo was banished to the Han Palace and became a handmaiden of weaving.

One day, Liu Bang happened to come to the weaving room and found that Bo was a little beautiful, so he took her back to the harem. But after more than a year in the palace, she never saw Liu Bang again. When she was young, she had two good sisters, and the three of them once met "Don't forget each other". At this time, the other two girls have been loved by Liu Bang. One day, they chatted in the palace and recalled their agreement with Bo, which happened to be heard by Liu Bang. For some unknown reason, Liu Bang called Bo's family and stayed in the palace. It was such an accidental opportunity that Bo got pregnant and gave birth to his son Liu Heng.

It's time to change her name to Ji Bo. According to historical records, Liu Heng was appointed as acting king in the 11th year of Emperor Gaozu (BC 196). He took his mother Ji Bo, his uncle Bo Zhao He and Princess Jidu to close the country.

In the second year after Liu Heng went to Daiguo, Liu Bang died. Lv Hou's son Liu Ying inherited the throne of Emperor Hui of Han Dynasty (2 10- 188, 194- 188). It seems that Liu Heng's mother and son are not allowed to go back to Chang 'an to attend the funeral, because it is recorded in the history books that "(Liu Heng) didn't know where his father was, so he sacrificed it outside the East Gate".

After Liu Bang's death, Empress Lv Zhi began to "repair" the women he loved and their sons one by one. Mrs. Qi and Liu Ruyi, Liu Bang's favorite, died miserably first: Lv Zhi cut off Mrs. Qi's hands and feet, gouged out her eyes, destroyed her ears and voice, and threw them into the toilet.

In this bloodbath of Liu Zongshi, he and his mother were safe and sound. The reason is very simple. They still can't get into Lv Zhi's "eyes". They have already escaped the net.

After all, the most impoverished generation of kings has become a "hot potato" in the minds of ministers.

When Liu Bang was alive, he once had the idea of transferring Liu Ruyi as his successor. In the seventh year of Emperor Gaozu (the first 200 years), Liu Ruyi was named as the acting king, and two years later it was renamed as Zhao Wang, which was regarded as the predecessor of Liu Heng. Zhao is located in the Central Plains, with a large population and vast territory, which is unmatched by a generation of countries.

Seven years after high school (18 1 years ago), the same layout fell on Liu Heng, and Lv Zhi made him the king of Zhao. Is this arrangement just a coincidence, or is it a prelude to Lv Zhi's "repairing" Liu Heng's mother and son? It's hard to say now. However, after receiving this imperial edict, Liu Heng did not leave Daiguo. Instead, I expressed my gratitude and put forward the requirement of "willing to keep the edge of the generation". Lv Zhi met his requirements.

Liu Heng would rather stay in a remote surrogate country for unknown reasons, so we can only make some speculations. In any case, this incident reflected his mentality at that time, that is, he tried to keep enough "safe distance" from the imperial court controlled by Lv Zhi to show that he had no ambition. This is undoubtedly the safest way to deal with it at that time.

In BC 180, Lv Zhi, who lived in the imperial dynasty, died. Zhou Bo and other civil and military ministers joined forces with the kings of Liu and cut off the state of Lu in one fell swoop. At this time, an important task is placed in front of them, that is, choose one of the kings of Liu to be the emperor.

It was difficult, but it went well. Although there were different opinions at the beginning, the ministers quickly unified their thoughts and understanding-Liu Heng, the replacement of Wang, was the best candidate for the successor. Why did Liu Heng, a king with a little gray hair, suddenly get the favor of ministers? According to historical records, there are several reasons:

First, Liu Ying, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, actually had no children. All the boys with his name were raised in the harem by Lv Zhi who killed his biological mother. Now that we have destroyed Lu, none of them can be used. This is the unanimous consensus of the ministers attending the meeting.

Second, we should choose from the kings of Liu to see who is the most talented. At first, some people advocated the establishment of Liu Fei, the eldest son of Liu Bang, who is the eldest grandson of Liu Bang. However, most people are against it. They are not aiming at Liu Bangdi's eldest grandson himself, but at his mother family, which is almost as wicked as Lu. Others advocated the establishment of the King of Huainan, but they were also rejected because of their advanced age and poor maternal reputation.

The third is to choose an emperor and a good mother at the same time, both of which are indispensable. Because after a trip to Lv Zhi, the big fellow was really miserable. As the saying goes, once bitten, twice shy. Finally, everyone agreed that among the surviving sons of Gaozu, Liu Heng, the king of the first generation, was older and kind-hearted. His mother, Bo, has always been respectful and virtuous. He is the most suitable candidate.

Liu Heng became emperor and was later called "Yingli" by historians, that is to say, he was pushed to this position by the minister of civil and military affairs. According to historical records, when Liu Heng and her son received the news, they were skeptical at first. Some people even think that North Korea's minister can't be trusted, and suggest that Liu Heng pretend to be ill and wait and see. Their mother and son would rather believe in heaven than people, which made people divine a divination. Later, Zhao Bo was sent to Chang 'an as an advance team. After verification, he set off safely.

People should not forget their roots, and ruling the world with benevolence and filial piety became the inevitable choice of Emperor China.

In a word, Liu Heng finally stood out from the crowd. On the one hand, he was kind and generous; on the other hand, he relied on his mother's modesty and virtue. In this respect, he knows better than anyone.

The ancients said: How can you love others if you don't love your loved ones? Liu Heng's benevolence and filial piety are first reflected in family life. Here is a brief introduction to the story of "tasting soup and medicine" in Twenty-four Filial Pieties. Empress Bo once had a serious illness, which lasted for three years. In these three years, Liu Heng not only visited her mother every day, but also often stayed naked beside her all night. He must taste the decoction himself before he can safely let his mother take it. As for the time when this happened, many articles now say that it happened after Liu Heng became emperor, but according to relevant historical records, it should be when he became king.

Most people in the world don't want to suffer hardships and suffer losses, but the mother and son, Empress Dowager and Emperor Wendi, enjoy it. The thin queen mother, who was only a wife for one night, did not get any care from her husband Liu Bang, but gave birth to a good son and educated a good emperor. Since Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty started from benevolence and filial piety, it was natural for him to give full play to his own advantages and strengths when he became emperor, so he clearly proposed to rule the world with benevolence and filial piety.

Because the mother and son had suffered and suffered, they were very aware of the sufferings and needs of the Li people at that time. During the reign of Emperor Wendi of Han Dynasty, he advocated Huang Lao's skill, suppressed martial arts, ignored thin fu, abolished corporal punishment and practiced frugality, and finally won the "rule of literary scene" for the Han Dynasty. As for the specific policies and measures he adopted, Wang Mang's last year was the only year in which Baling was not stolen, because the article "Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty told him to be buried sparsely" had already been published. Interested readers can refer to this article.

It should be noted that Liu Heng, the Emperor of Han Dynasty, regarded benevolence and filial piety as the major policy of governing the country, which was not only out of personal considerations, but also in line with the social background and needs at that time, and had historical inevitability.

Before he ascended the throne, the Western Han Dynasty eradicated the king with a different surname by force, and then ended the Lu rebellion with a paramilitary coup. The political situation has been unstable. After Liu Heng ascended the throne, he ushered in a new historical period in which the political power was completely consolidated and Qiang Bing became a rich country. Emperor Wen of Han complied with the requirements of historical development.

Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty ended his filial piety with this special arrangement.

In 157 BC (seven years after Wendi's death), Wendi died before his mother Bo. Before he died, he deeply regretted his "unfilial" behavior of letting his mother's white-haired people send black-haired people. As a remedy, he demanded that his mausoleum be arranged according to the system of "wife first and mother later", and repeatedly told Queen Dou and his children to be filial to Queen Bo on his behalf.

Two years later, Empress Dowager Cixi died. Dou Taihou obeyed her husband's orders and buried her mother-in-law in the south of Wendi Baling, leaving Liu Heng buried underground, just like carrying her own mother.

Baling, the emperor of China, is located in the northwest corner of Bailuyuan, where the later Queen Dou was buried. The three mausoleums are connected and seamless. Empress Bo's mausoleum is located in the south of Wendi Baling, so it is also called "Nanling". Dou Taihou's tomb is located in the southeast of Baling. Although they are not in the same cemetery as Baling, the two adjacent cemeteries still have the nature of "the same tomb", that is, "the same tomb but different caves".

The combination of Queen Dou and Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty is also quite dramatic. History shows that she was born in a famous family and was originally arranged to be a maid-in-waiting beside Lv Hou. Lv Hou had a tradition at that time, that is, when the kings went to their fiefs, she would give away five ladies-in-waiting, including Ji. Because her home is close to Zhao, she asked to go to Zhao, and the eunuch in charge of this matter promised her. However, they forgot when they were doing specific things. As a result, all the computers were assigned to this country. All the schemes that failed to realize their wishes had to follow Liu Heng on the road with tears in their eyes. When I arrived in Daiguo, I met Liu Heng's parents. Although Ji is an ordinary maid-in-waiting, she and Liu Heng gave birth to a son Liu Qi (namely Emperor Han Jing).

In today's film and television works, Mrs. Shen, Wendi's favorite princess, has become the absolute protagonist, completely overshadowing Queen Dou. There is nothing we can do about it, because literary and artistic works, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, are willing and good at magnifying "lace".

Restore the true colors of history. After the death of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, Queen Dou played no less role than her mother-in-law and the thin queen mother. First of all, no matter how many women Wendi later had, her status as queen never wavered. Then, like her husband and mother-in-law, she admired Huang Lao's medical skills very much, and the three of them were collectively called "Trinity". Most importantly, she didn't die until the sixth year (BC 135) of Liu Che, the grandson of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. During the sixteen years of her son Jing Di's reign and the first twelve years of Sun Wudi's reign, she played an important role, saying that she was also an important participant in "cultural scene management".

After reading this story, I believe most readers will support the view that the life experience and feelings between China Emperor Liu Heng and his mother and wife should have a great influence on his administration as an emperor, and this influence is very positive. Coincidentally, in the Western Han Dynasty, there was an emperor who was loved by the people, namely Liu Xun and Xuan Di, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, and he was also highly praised in history. Personally, I think it is also related to his special experience.

Human nature is interlinked, and the affection between mother and son of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty also gives us beneficial enlightenment. It is not a bad thing for a person to experience some twists and turns in the process of growing up.

Now some people disdain the old saying that "suffering is wealth" and make an extreme interpretation. Now is a time of peace. The content of suffering is not suffering in the traditional sense, but that life may not be smooth sailing. Once we encounter setbacks, we need to face and solve them actively. Nowadays, people have learned enough about the pollution of the natural environment. Similarly, the purification of social environment is also very important for improving the survival and quality of life of human beings. Especially the family, as the "cell" of society, can do more and better in this respect, which is not only beneficial to the healthy growth of our next generation, but also beneficial for life.

The filial piety of Empress Bo and Emperor China had a far-reaching influence on later generations. As the biggest beneficiary of Liu's descendants, when Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty sent someone to sue the Gaomiao Temple, he never forgot that "your stepmother, Xiao Wen Di De Ci Ren, was wise and came to China, and her descendants continued to this day!" He thought that Empress Bo, who was honest and honest, could not suffer after her death, so he named her "High Queen", welcomed her coffin into the high temple to worship, and invited Lv Hou, who was less virtuous and less benevolent, out of the high temple.

Note: This article is part of the author's series of articles on "Reading as a Mirror Telling Stories" and "Affection Articles".