Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the changes of China's household registration management system can be roughly divided into three stages: the first stage, before 1958, is the period of free migration; The second stage, 1958 ~ 1978, is a strict control period; The third stage, after 1978, is semi-open. Before 1958, there was no strict household registration management system in China, and people could move freely. 1 958 65438+1October 9, the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) discussed and passed, and Mao Zedong signed the presidential decree1,which promulgated the first household registration system in new China, the Regulations on the Registration of People's Household Registration in China, and established a relatively complete household registration system, including permanent residence, temporary residence, birth, death, emigration, immigration and so on. This regulation strictly restricts farmers from entering cities by law, restricts the flow of people between cities, and builds a high wall between cities and rural areas, thus forming a "dual economic model" that divides urban and rural areas. However, with the development of social economy, the negative impact of the old household registration system is increasingly apparent. At the same time, with the development of market economy, the "big pot" and "iron rice bowl" under the planned economy system have been broken, and a large number of professionals with high academic qualifications or high skills have joined the floating army ... According to the estimation of the Ministry of Public Security and relevant experts, the floating population in China has reached11million in 1997. Today, with the gradual formation of market economy, the rational flow of population has become an irresistible trend, which has impacted the household registration system for 40 years. 1998 On July 22nd, the State Council issued the Opinions on Solving Some Outstanding Problems in Current Household Registration Management issued by the Ministry of Public Security. The document has made "four reforms" to the current household registration management: 1, and the policy of voluntary settlement with father and mother. For minors born in the past, if they are required to settle in the city with their fathers, the problem of settling in the city can be gradually solved, and preschool children are given priority; 2. Relax the hukou policy to solve the problem of separation between husband and wife. Citizens who have lived in the city where their spouses have taken refuge for a certain number of years are allowed to settle in the city on a voluntary basis; 3, men over 60 years of age, women over 55 years of age, no children around and need to go to the city to take refuge in their children's citizens, can be settled in the city where their children live; 4. Citizens who invest, set up enterprises and buy commercial houses in cities and their immediate family members who live together, have legally fixed residences, legally stable occupations or sources of livelihood in cities, and have lived for a certain number of years, and meet the relevant provisions of local governments, can be allowed to settle in cities. In fact, long before these "four" reform measures were announced, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Xiamen, Hainan and other frontier cities of reform and opening up had already implemented "blue-printed hukou". The Interim Provisions of Shanghai Municipality on the Management of Blue Seal Accounts was implemented on February 20 14, 1994. The document stipulates that all workers who invest RMB 1 10,000 yuan (or US$ 200,000) in Shanghai or have a fixed residence and legal stability in Shanghai can apply for a blue-printed account in Shanghai, and they can become permanent accounts after holding a blue-printed account for a certain period of time; In June 1 996+1October1Shenzhen began to implement the "blue-printed hukou" policy. By the end of March 1998, Shenzhen had handled more than 37,000 blue-printed accounts, and 7,000 people had changed from blue-printed accounts to permanent accounts. On March 1998, Guangzhou also launched the "blue-printed hukou", and other provinces and cities also implemented special hukou policies in a certain range. For example, Suzhou implements four types of "blue-printed hukou" (employment, house purchase, tax payment and investment) in Suzhou Industrial Park. Because of Beijing's special status as the capital, the reform of the household registration system is relatively cautious. However, Beijing also launched the "Work Trusteeship Certificate" in June this year. Anyone who works in the headquarters or R&D center of a high-tech enterprise or multinational company in Beijing and meets certain conditions may apply for the Beijing Work Trusteeship Certificate. The holder can enjoy the treatment of Beijing citizens in terms of buying a house, starting a nursery for his children and attending primary and secondary schools. , and hold a boarding pass for three years. Population mobility is the inevitable result of social development, and rapid economic development will inevitably produce a large number of population mobility. The United States, Australia and Hong Kong are all countries and regions with large population mobility and the most frequent immigrants in the world, and they are also places with rapid economic development. As demographers have pointed out, reasonable population flow can promote the development of commodity economy, which is conducive to the exchange of talents and the allocation of labor resources. In order to realize citizens' freedom of choosing jobs, living and moving, the state is taking various measures to encourage, support and guide the normal and reasonable flow of population.