Yuxi has a mild climate and beautiful scenery. In ancient times, it was famous as the "granary in central Yunnan" throughout Yunnan, and now it is famous as the "hometown of clouds and smoke" at home and abroad. The peculiar geographical environment has formed two completely different natural landscapes: the fertile soil of Panjiang River in the east, the adjacent three lakes, the scattered flat dams, fertile fields, dense villages and pastoral scenery; There are mourning mountains in the west, shaded by old trees, waterfalls, pearls, exotic flowers and birds, permanent spring scenery and magical workmanship. In the long history, Han, Yi, Hani, Dai, Hui, Bai, Mongolian, Miao, Lahu and other ethnic groups live in harmony, forming some unique cultural wonders.
Yuxi enjoys a superior geographical position. Hongta District, the resident of the Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government, is only 88 kilometers away from Kunming, the provincial capital, and is the nearest city in the province. There are high-grade highways from Kunming to Yuanjiang, and the Kunming-Yuxi Railway has been put into operation, forming a transportation network extending in all directions. The city is located in the central part of Yunnan Province, between 23 degrees north latitude 19 minutes -24 degrees 53 minutes east longitude 10 1 degree 16 minutes-103 degrees 9 minutes. It is adjacent to Kunming in the northeast and north, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture in the southeast and south, Simao in the southwest and west, and Wei Chu in the northwest. The maximum horizontal distance in this area is 172km, the maximum vertical distance is 163.5km, and the total area is 15285km2. Among them, Hongta District, Jiangchuan, Chengjiang and Tonghai are dam counties with an area of 3,348 square kilometers, accounting for 21.9% of the total area; Huaning and Yimen counties are medium-sized counties, covering an area of 2,884 square kilometers, accounting for18.9% of the total area; Eshan, Xinping and Yuanjiang are mountainous counties with an area of 9,053 square kilometers, accounting for 59.2% of the total area.
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Yuxi, as a unified administrative region, was established late. Pre-Qin belongs to ancient Yunnan gardens. The Han Dynasty belonged to Yizhou and Zhang Si counties. Shu and Han belong to Yizhou, Zhangyou and Xinggu counties. The Western Jin Dynasty belongs to Jinning, Jianning and Xingguo counties. The Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties belong to Jinning, Jianning, Liangshui and Xinggu counties. Sui belongs to Zhou Kun. The early Tang Dynasty belonged to Li and Gou Jian. Donnan's records belong to Tuodong Festival, Tonghai Governor and Sound Festival. In the Song Dynasty, Dali belonged to thirty-seven departments, specialized government and sound festival respectively. When Yunnan was founded in Yuan Dynasty, it belonged to Chengjiang Road, Lin 'an Road, Yuanjiang Road and Zhongqing Road. In Ming Dynasty, Chengjiang Road was changed to Chengjiang Mansion, Tonghai, Huaning and Eshan belonged to Lin 'an Mansion, Xinping County was newly established under Lin 'an Mansion, Yimen belonged to Yunnan Mansion, and Yuanjiang was established as Yuanjiang Military and Civilian Mansion. In the Qing Dynasty, Xinping belonged to Zhili Prefecture of Yuanjiang, and the rest was ruled by Ming Dynasty. In the Republic of China, Fuzhou was abandoned and roads were set up, which belonged to Zhongdian Road, Mengzi Road, Pu 'er Road and Retreat Road, and the county was directly under the province. In the late Republic of China, the Sixth Administrative Supervision Department was established in Xinping. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Central Yunnan Committee was established in June 1 950+1October1,and was renamed Yuxi Committee in March, covering Yuxi, Kunyang, Jinning, Chenggong, Chengjiang, Jiangchuan, Huaning, Tonghai, Hexi, Eshan, Yimen and Xinping. 195 1 year, Eshan County was changed to Eshan Yi Autonomous Region. 1954, Yuanjiang County, which originally belonged to Mengzi District, belongs to Yuxi District. 1956, Eshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture was changed into an autonomous county. 1960, Jinning County (including Kunyang and Chenggong) was transferred to Kunming City. 1970, Yuxi area was renamed Yuxi area. 1979 65438+In February, Xinping County was changed to Xinping Yi and Dai Autonomous County, and Yuanjiang County was changed to Yuanjiang Hani Yi and Dai Autonomous County. 1August, 983, Yuxi County was changed to Yuxi City (county level). 1June, 1998, Yuxi area was revoked and changed to prefecture-level Yuxi city, and the original county-level Yuxi city was changed to Hongta District. The city has jurisdiction over 8 counties, 1 district, ***43 towns, 32 townships, 13 ethnic townships and 652 village offices and offices.
Yuxi has been called Xinxing since the Yuan Dynasty. This exciting and hopeful name not only contains rich and long history and culture, but also shows her new attitude of coming from behind, going forward bravely and developing rapidly. In this fertile land with beautiful scenery, Yuxi people are brave in pioneering the atmosphere and are good at learning from others. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it has maintained the momentum of sustained and rapid economic development, from a small town in central Yunnan, which is unknown in Yunnan historical documents, to a new city with certain strength. Since the Ming Dynasty, when the military and civilians reclaimed a large amount of cultivated land, Yuxi stood out from the crowd and became a famous "granary in central Yunnan" after the management of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Liu Qingwei wrote "A Brief Introduction to Southern Yunnan" and said: "There are many newly developed fertile fields in Sang Ma, and the price of rice in the provincial capital fluctuates depending on the amount of rice coming, and it is also the land of Cangyuan in Yunnan. ..... The porridge demand of residents depends on the emerging demand. "Under natural and economic conditions, Yuxi has become one of the commodity grain bases in Yunnan, ensuring the food supply of the provincial capital.
Yuxi people are not satisfied with the achievements of "granary in central Yunnan" and constantly explore new ways of development. In the mid-20th century, foreign flue-cured tobacco was introduced to Yunnan and first settled in Yuxi. After half a century's efforts, Yuxi has become a famous "hometown of clouds and smoke" at home and abroad, built the first Yuxi cigarette factory in Asia and created the first brand "Hongtashan" in China. If the "granary in central Yunnan" only affects central Yunnan and can only solve the urgent needs of the provincial capital, then the "hometown of clouds and smoke" is an "emerging" achievement that shows the pioneering spirit in a wider scope.
After the reform and opening up, Yuxi has become one of the regions with rapid economic development in Yunnan Province, forming the main pillar industries such as cigarettes, building materials, food, mining and metallurgy. From 65438 to 0997, the national economy maintained a steady and progressive development trend, and the price increase was the lowest level in ten years, showing an operating pattern of "steady economic growth and low price increase". At the same time, new progress has been made in various social undertakings and people's lives have continued to improve. The current GNP reached 3065438+86 million yuan, and the per capita current GNP was 15593 yuan. The total revenue of fiscal and taxation is 654.38+05.084 billion yuan. With the rapid development of transportation, post and telecommunications, passenger and freight traffic and highway mileage have increased. 1997, the city's social road transport passenger traffic was 9.843 million person-times, and the passenger turnover was 884 million person-kilometers. The total highway mileage in the city has reached 10522 km. Posts and telecommunications continued to develop rapidly, and the communication capacity increased significantly. The total capacity of telephone exchanges in the city has grown to 18 1 1 10,000, and the total number of telephones has reached107,000.
Yuxi's foreign economic development has accelerated and achieved remarkable results. 1997, the total amount of foreign trade import and export reached US$ 47.65 million, and there were 10 import and export enterprises and 58 enterprises with import and export management rights. With 18 countries and regions to carry out import and export trade. Horizontal economic cooperation and foreign cooperation and exchanges are developing in an all-round, multi-level and wide-ranging way. On the basis of consolidating and developing cooperation and exchanges with sister cities in Changning District, Shanghai, we have successively concluded sister cities with Beihai City in Guangxi and Chaozhou City in Guangdong.
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The topography of Yuxi is generally high in the northwest and low in the southeast. The trend of mountains is consistent with the tectonic line, and mountains, canyons, plateaus and basins are interlaced. The Yuanjiang Valley is deep along the Yuanjiang fault zone on the east side of Ailao Mountain Range, with a height difference of more than 2000 meters from the river surface to the top of the mountain, forming an alpine canyon terrain. The bedrock of the main peak of Ailao Mountain Range is 3 165.9 meters above sea level, which is the highest point in this city. The confluence of Yuanjiang River and Nanhun River is 328 meters above sea level, which is the lowest point in this city. Except Yuanjiang river basin, the elevation of most areas in the city is 1500- 1800 meters.
Because it is located in the low latitude plateau, winter and summer are alternately affected by two different atmospheric circulation, which leads to obvious climatic characteristics of plateau monsoon. In addition, the landform types are complex and the altitude varies greatly. The city has many climate types from subtropical to temperate. Except for the typical subtropical climate in the dry-hot valley of Yuanjiang River Basin, the climate in most areas is mild, warm in winter and cool in summer, with four seasons like spring. The annual average temperature is between 15.5℃ and 17.4℃, with the lowest temperature in 65438+February or 65438+1October and the highest temperature in June. Chengjiang County is located on the windward slope of Wangliangshan Mountain, and it is also an area where quasi-static wind often moves in Kunming, so the rainfall ranks first, with an average annual rainfall of 856 mm; Hongta District, Jiangchuan, Tonghai and other counties in the middle are between 798 and 830 mm; The rainfall of Yuanjiang River in the southwest is the least, only 698 mm, because the west and south of Yuanjiang River are shielded by Ailao Mountain Range, which is located on the leeward slope of warm and humid airflow in the southwest, and the foehn effect is remarkable. The place with the most rainfall in the city is Jianxing Township, Xinping County, with an annual rainfall of l683. The place with the least rainfall is Yale, Eshan County, with an annual rainfall of only 670 mm.
The rivers in China belong to Nanpanjiang and Yuanjiang. Hongta District, Chengjiang, Jiangchuan, Tonghai, Huaning and Eshan counties in the east belong to Nanpanjiang River system in the Pearl River Basin, with a runoff area of 5,044 square kilometers. Nanpanjiang River is the upstream source of the Pearl River, which originates from Maxiong Mountain in Qujing, flows southward through the junction of Chengjiang and Huaning to Yiliang and Mile County, then flows into Haikou River from Xingyun Lake and Fuxian Lake, flows into Qujiang near the Sanjiangkou in Panxi, Huaning County, originates from the northern mountainous area of Tonghai, and flows through Jiangchuan, Yuxi, Eshan, Tonghai, Jianshui and Huaning. Xinping, Yuanjiang, Yimen in the west and the western area of Eshan County belong to Yuanjiang River system of the Red River basin, with a runoff area of 998 1 km2. Yuanjiang River obliquely passes through Xinping and Yuanjiang counties in this city from northwest to southeast, and the urban area is about 150 km long. To the north of Xinping Reservoir, the Lv Zhi River from Yimen passes through Eshan and Xinping, and at the junction of Yuanjiang, Shiping and Honghe counties, it also accepts the Duodie River from Eshan, and flows to Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture through the intersection with Xiaohedi River from Hua Nian, Cuokou and Depression, and Qingshui River and Nanxi River from Ailao Mountain.
The unique natural environment has built a beautiful and colorful natural landscape.
Yuxi Mountain is majestic and colorful, some are famous for its green, some are famous for its mineral deposits, some are famous for its precipitousness, and some are famous for its temples, all of which are self-contained and have their own advantages. The towering Ailao Mountain is like a jade screen, full of clouds and colorful weather. In the virgin forest of vast expanse, there are many kinds of plant communities. In the forest, rare birds and animals inhabit, flowing springs and waterfalls descend during the day, and the scenery is natural, magical and interesting, colorful and breathtaking, which makes people lament the wonder of nature. Tonghai Xiushan is small and exquisite, with solemn and elegant temples, slender mountains, lush ancient trees, flourishing Buddha's light, quiet Cui Lin, pavilions and poems cleverly echoing, temples and forests integrated with birds and flowers, exquisitely carved, and it has been known as "Xiujia South Yunnan" since ancient times, and is one of the four famous mountains in Yunnan. Wang Liang in Chengjiang is magnificent, with cliffs to the west. Surrounded by peaks in the east, the trees are lush. Standing on the top of the mountain can overlook the beautiful scenery of Dianchi Lake, Fuxian Lake, Yangzonghai Lake and Xingyun Lake, so it has the reputation of "seeing the world in one mountain". There are many military academy sites left by Liang Wang in Yuan Dynasty on the mountain, which is really a strange mountain in central Yunnan. Malone in Hongta District is full of mystery and legend. The story of "The Dragon Horse God" places people's infinite yearning for a better life. Today's "dragon horse spirit" symbolizes the realization of the good wishes of the past. At the foot of Malong Mountain, there is the famous Hongta Mountain, where the famous Yunnan Yuxi Cigarette Factory is located. This is a mountain of wisdom, symbolizing the hard work and pioneering spirit of Yuxi people.
Yuxi has beautiful water colors and charming waves. Fuxian, Xingyun, Qilu, Sanhu and Yangzonghai are clustered like a string of sparkling pearls on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, emitting extraordinary splendour. Fuxian Lake is vast and clear, with a long-standing reputation, with an average water depth of 87 meters, the deepest point of 155 meters and a transparency of 7-8 meters, ranking first in the province and being the second largest inland deep-water lake in China. There are more than ten famous scenic spots along the lake, such as Luchong Resort, Bijiashan, Biyun Temple, Xingyu Cave, Gushan Island, Drug Rehabilitation Center and Hot Water Pond Hot Spring. Gushan Island is 800 meters away from the shore of the lake. There are pavilions and courtyards on the island. Full of weather, immersive and interesting. Xingyun Lake and Fuxian Lake are connected by water, and the boundary is "boundary fish stone". The lake is sparkling and charming. Known as "Jasper in Central Yunnan" and "Moonlight in Xinghu", it has always been appreciated by people. On the shores of Qilu Lake, the plains are thousands of hectares, and the smoke and willows are confused, which set each other off with Xiushan and embellish into a delicate and beautiful landscape picture. Yangzonghai is as clear as a mirror, and it is like a crystal pearl against the north and south of Fuxian Lake.
On the east side of Ailao Mountain range, the surging Yuanjiang River is like a hidden dragon, winding south, beautiful and spectacular, and it is in harmony with Ailao Mountain. Surprisingly, there are many wonders of pools and springs in Yuxi, and underground springs gush out, which not only irrigates ten thousand mu of fertile land, but also creates countless beautiful scenery. For example, Dalongquan in Yimen County, Xiangbi Hot Spring in Huaning County, Xilongtan in Chengjiang County, Jiulongchi, Heilongtan, Bailongtan and Seshuijing in Hongta District, Xiangquan and Yiquan in Xinping County, etc. There are amazing wonders.
The unique geological structure has created many cave wonders for Yuxi. There are Malong Cave in Hongta District at the top of the mountain, Dayu Cave in Eshan hidden by the river, Huaning Chunlei Ancient Cave, which is known as "the place smells different", Tonghai Lishan Fairy Cave near the highway, Jiangchuan Xianniu Mo Cave and Yuanjiang Mosquito Dragon Ancient Cave, all of which are fascinating.
Nature has created a unique spectacle in Yuxi and has become a rich wealth for people to develop tourism. Nowadays, on the banks of Yuxi's mountains and lakes, pavilions have sprung up like mushrooms after rain, and hundreds of thousands of tourists come here every year to explore the wonders and appreciate the charm of Yuxi's mountains and rivers.
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In this beautiful and rich land of Yuxi, in addition to the Han nationality, there are also ethnic compatriots such as Yi, Hani, Dai, Hui, Mongolian, Bai, Miao and Lahu who account for one third of the population of the whole region. There are three ethnic autonomous counties in the city: Eshan, Xinping and Yuanjiang. By the end of 1997, * * had 380,682 Yi people, 68,273 Dai people, 3,665,438 Hui people, 9,780 Bai people, 6,500 Mongolians, 5,556 Miao people and 5,746,5438 Lahu people. They all have their own unique history, culture, festivals and customs, which are colorful and full of interest. Yi people's "Flower Encouragement" is magnificent, which reproduces the solemn and spectacular scenes of ancient wars and is unique among many ethnic groups' "Encouragement". Hani people sang "abbado" at the love banquet. The scene was solemn and lively, and many touching stories spread from this strange scene. There are also Dai people's "Flower Street", Lahu people's euphemistic and unique love songs, unique Mongolian festival "Nadam", Bai people's "March 3" and Yi people's "Torch Festival". Festivals of all ethnic groups are very exciting and interesting.
Yuxi city has the only Mongolian township in Yunnan so far; The Yi inhabited area is between Liangshan, Chuxiong and Honghe, showing southwest trend; Hui inhabited areas are distributed in areas with abundant water resources, convenient transportation and developed commodity economy in the city; Most of the Three Lakes Peace Dam is inhabited by Han people. The staggered distribution of ethnic groups has created a compatible, widely accepted and unique cultural landscape in Yuxi.
-Yuxi lanterns and ancient songs of ethnic minorities, with Jiangnan ditty as the keynote, tell the sadness in their hearts and make people get enlightenment and beauty.
-The famous ancient fossils of Maotianshan Mountain in Chengjiang at home and abroad, the rich and complete dinosaur fossils of Yimen and Eshan, and many sites from Paleolithic to Neolithic, show the rich connotation of prehistoric civilization in Yuxi. A large number of bronzes have been unearthed, and a number of rare treasures, represented by the Niuhu copper case, have established Yuxi's special position in the culture of central Yunnan. Genesis, an ancient song reflecting the migration of Yi and Hani ancestors, is another oral history. The ancient totem system left by Lukui Mountain in Xinping is a living fossil to understand human history.
-In this picturesque scenery, Yuxi people can make full use of the gifts of nature, learn from others' strengths, create a unique food culture famous in Yunnan, form a Yuxi flavor with both traditional strength and market prospects, spread it to the outside world, get out of their homes in the commodity economy, and become a food commodity with unique flavor in the whole province. At the same time, it maintains the different dietary cultural characteristics of all ethnic groups. Various folk food styles, such as the unique flowing water Luoguo fish on the shore of Fuxian Lake, are enduring for a long time.
-Yuxi people are always looking at their own history when trying to innovate, and always want to find some connecting lines between the past and the future. The compilation of history and the revision of local chronicles have been handed down from generation to generation since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and celebrities have been handed down from generation to generation, forming a local chronicles culture with regional characteristics. Nowadays, in addition to hundreds of newly compiled local chronicles, people are surprised to see the Yi history book Nizu Pedigree preserved in Yuxi, which is a unique regional social history.
-it is this feeling of seeking "novelty" and prosperity, and meeting all rivers, which makes countless romantic figures emerge in Yuxi. For example, the first official in the "official history" of central Yunnan in the Three Kingdoms period, the loyal minister Wang in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Yi Confucian general, the famous poet Liu, Luo Peijin and the inventor of Yunnan Baiyao, etc. Ma's reputation as a calligrapher is because his calligraphy is well-known in the two rivers, and Zhou Yuli's official position in the capital is well-known in Jiangnan and Yunnan. Skilled craftsmen and folk artists in the countryside have created another unique cultural landscape for Yuxi. The beautiful wood carving of Tonghai is a must in China, and the weight of the carved wood residue is equal to the salary of silver. It can be said that birds of a feather flock together, and humanities celebrities gather together. The most proud thing is that it is the hometown of people's musician Nie Er. Nie Er embarked on the road of artistic creation under the influence of rich and colorful folk culture in his hometown. In his works, some unique marks of his hometown are always shining. People in my hometown are proud of having this great singer of the times.
-Here, you can not only hear the love songs of different nationalities, appreciate the primitive ancient dances of the Hani people, but also watch the "Summer in Fuxian Lake" and the "Magic Funeral Prison" concerts formed in the new period as scheduled; We can not only see the famous Guansuo Opera, a special ancient Nuo Opera, but also appreciate the newly formed drama Yuxi Yi Opera (a modern drama performance method based on Yi folk music). If the three-inch golden lotus dancing in Tonghai County makes people feel compatible at home and abroad, and there is a little bitterness in the happy rhythm, then in the 1990s, Yuxi Lantern was famous in Guangzhou, and the world-famous Shakespeare classic Romeo and Juliet was adapted into a lantern drama Zhuomei and Arrow, which reproduced the true love of the characters in the pen with the background of Yijia Shanzhai in Yuxi, making the contemporary drama circle applaud.
Yuxi, Jasper in Central Yunnan, Pearl of Yunling. Yang Sheng 'an, a famous poet in Ming Dynasty, has a special liking for Xiushan, praising Fuxian Lake as "a natural picture better than West Lake". After the founding of New China, when Marshal Zhu De, a proletarian revolutionary of the older generation, visited Yunnan, he visited Xiushan twice, leaving "Xiushan is a big city, and Lin Mao is like a jade pot. The cultural relics here are different, but the flower piles are different.
For Yuxi people, "Xinxing" is not only an ancient name, but also a hopeful belief. Yuxi, a new city, not only echoes the history, but also hears the call for the future. The industrious and intelligent people of all ethnic groups here are eager for "newness" and prosperity, and paint newer and better beautiful scenery with their own hands.