1, preview time The time and degree of preview before class will vary from person to person. Students who study better only need to spend a little time. Because students with good grades rarely encounter incomprehensible or incomprehensible situations, the purpose of preview is only to clarify the knowledge system and the order of listening. Therefore, it is the most efficient method for students with good foundation to apply preview in the interval between classes. For students who are weak in learning, the preview should be more detailed and in-depth, and should be carried out on the first day.

2. The preview process is generally to preview all the courses to be attended the next day on the night before class. Arrange the preview time after the daily review time, because knowledge is interlocking, and mastering the previous basic knowledge is the basis for further study. Insist on previewing the next day's study content for about an hour every day, and read the book content in detail. It is best not to omit illustrations, titles or explanations below illustrations, footnotes at the bottom of each page, etc. In the process of preview, first find out the key points and difficulties that you think, which is the process of improving your analytical ability. When encountering a difficult problem, try to think independently and solve the problem. If you can't understand, mark it with a pencil and remind yourself to pay attention to the teacher's explanation of this point in class. Thinking in preview is the most important link in the preview process. If you don't think in preview, you won't preview. When previewing, you should focus on thinking about knowledge rather than just browsing and memorizing the knowledge in the book, so that you will have a deeper understanding of knowledge. In the preview, find out all the places that you are not familiar with, and ask the teachers or classmates for advice quickly in class or after class to eliminate these obstacles in learning.

3. What's the preview result? That is to say, after previewing, I have a general understanding of the knowledge system and knowledge itself, and I also have a preliminary feeling about the application method of knowledge. In particular, it is necessary to draw difficult or incomprehensible places with colored pens, so that you can concentrate more in class. You can do the exercises after each lesson first, so that you can understand 70% of the new content and do 80% of the exercises. When previewing, focus on reading through the textbook and put what you think is important on the book. You don't have to fully understand everything. Mark out what you don't understand. Pay special attention to these problems in class. If there is no solution in class, ask the teacher after class.

4. For chapters with complicated knowledge points, make a chart on paper and list the knowledge points of this chapter in different levels, which can not only make the thinking clear when listening to the class, but also reduce the difficulty of reviewing, killing two birds with one stone.

Second, class.

How to have a good class? This is a problem that junior high school students should pay special attention to. First of all, we should change "classroom" into "school" and change passive "listening" into active "learning"; At the same time, we should pay attention to the correct learning methods and cultivate good class habits. What are the good class habits? Walking into the classroom full of energy and having a strong thirst for knowledge is the guarantee and motivation for a good class. Listen, remember and practice in class. Listen to the questions in the preview in class, take notes when necessary, and consolidate them through some exercises. The teaching method can refer to the "four basic principles": grasp the train of thought, loosen first and then tighten, vary from person to person, and focus on me. To achieve "four haves", that is, eyes, ears, hands and heart. It is necessary to develop the good habit of using both hands and brains, so as to remember while listening and give priority to listening. There are both methods and habits. In fact, the general learning methods are programming habits, and good learning habits are often the basis for forming learning ability. In this way, "good class" can not only cultivate good study habits, but also master learning methods, and the learning ability will be gradually improved. Need to pay attention to the following four points:

1, the most important thing in class is to keep up with the teacher's progress at all times, actively think in class and follow the teacher's ideas to make your thinking active, so that you can not only acquire knowledge quickly, but also acquire knowledge firmly. Focus on listening to the teacher's lecture, especially what the teacher doesn't understand. Pay 200% attention, think while listening, and see how the teacher analyzes the problem. Think positively about every question raised by the teacher instead of just staring at the answer to the question. After you understand, come back and analyze what you thought at the beginning. Why didn't you think of that at that time? In this way, after listening to the lecture, you will know the key points and difficulties in the textbook, and there will be no big problems in doing homework and exams in the future. Listening carefully helps you to form an organic knowledge system, and more importantly, it can make up for the loopholes in knowledge. In fact, the average student can master 8% or 90% of junior high school knowledge. One difference between top students and ordinary students lies in whether they can make up for the loopholes in knowledge. Those loopholes are often to understand the connections and differences between knowledge points. Whether we can see the known conditions in the problem and analyze the unknown conditions in the problem depends on it. This is the basis for a deep understanding of the questions and answers when taking exams and doing problems.

2. Actively answering questions in class is an effective way to absorb knowledge. In class, we should not only listen to the teacher's ideas, but also think about whether there are other ways. If you can find a better way, raise your hand and tell the teacher, so that you can actively accept and absorb knowledge in class and turn passive listening into active interactive activities. It is helpful to improve the enthusiasm and expressive ability of classroom learning, and it is also helpful to answer subjective questions, and the classroom will become a very interesting learning activity. In addition, in class, we should concentrate on listening, pay attention to eye contact and language communication with teachers, so as to make maximum use of the time in class to digest, absorb and understand new knowledge and get more feedback and attention from teachers.

3. Pay attention to the class. History class must pay attention to the background, process, significance and influence of historical events, as well as those years that must be remembered.

4. Listening to lectures requires "critical absorption". Sometimes attending classes is often influenced by the objective environment. Specifically, the teacher's own language or behavior has a certain influence on students' listening. As a student, don't be too influenced by this, but be good at absorbing it critically. In addition, we should be good at listening, analyzing and summarizing. For example, when the teacher speaks a hundred sentences in this class, it is necessary to distinguish clearly which languages are conclusive, which are explanatory and which are transitional, how these languages are related, which words to remember and so on.

5. "Meditate for 5 minutes" after class is very learned. Generally, the first few minutes and the last few minutes of a class are very important, because usually the teacher will review the content of the last class in the first few minutes and the content of this class in the second few minutes, so you must listen carefully during this time, which can reduce the pressure of reviewing lessons after class and is very effective. At the same time, we should pay more attention to thinking in time after class. Take advantage of the break time to quickly sort out some key points made in class just now. Therefore, 5 minutes of meditation after class is equivalent to 50 minutes of review after class.

Third, take notes.

Taking notes is a subject that few people study. Students who can take notes may not take many notes in class, but they are very effective. Some students' notes can only be understood by themselves, but they are also very effective. On the contrary, some students take a lot of notes, and almost always take notes in class, which not only has a poor effect, but even affects the effect of listening to lectures. So it is very important for every student to learn to take notes effectively.

1. How to take class notes?

Note-taking focuses on preview, focusing on the ideas and methods of teachers talking about topics in the simplest language, as well as the intellectual activity process of synchronous movement of eyes, brain, hands and heart. In class notes, you should first record the main points of the teacher's lecture (not every sentence). Pay special attention to the key points, difficulties and questions that the teacher asks to answer in the notes and digest them after class. Note-taking is not to write down the teacher's blackboard, but mainly to think by yourself when listening to the class, including some methods of analyzing problems taught by the teacher, methods of solving problems by yourself, methods of answering questions, and some important and difficult points that the teacher talked about. When there are few blackboard books, we must follow the teacher's ideas and think together. At the same time, we must quickly capture his key language and write it down, so as to record the teacher's thinking, analysis and demonstration process more completely. In the case of insufficient time, first understand the teacher's analytical thinking, and then enrich and improve the notes according to these sketched things after class.

2, after-school notes should be digested and absorbed, and self-monitoring should be done. After class, you should review and summarize what you have learned through notes. Notes are a tool to help you review. In addition to writing down what the teacher explained, it is also very useful to write down the main points and mistakes in the exercise papers and test papers you have done in your notebook. When you have time, you can open these wrong questions and read them carefully before each exam review, which can be used as a lesson to avoid making the same mistake twice and losing unnecessary scores.

3. Remarks: 1) It is best to prepare a special notebook for each course. Don't take notes of several courses in the same book at the same time, it will be very confusing. You can prepare several pens with different colors to highlight the key points and distinguish different contents by color.

2) This plan includes: first, on the basis of previewing and reviewing the content, we should have a plan for what should and should not be remembered in class; Second, in the format arrangement of taking notes, we must plan ahead. For example, you can draw a vertical line on the right side of each page of notes, leaving a blank of 1/3 or 1/4 for filling in the blanks after class or writing your own experiences. The half page on the left is used for taking class notes.

3) Note-taking must be focused and organized. In addition, we should learn some methods to improve the speed of note-taking in order to improve the efficiency of note-taking. You can simplify some words and create a set of writing symbols that suit you. As long as you review and understand later.

4. The function of arranging notes can not be ignored. It can sort out and systematize knowledge and is the sublimation of notes. In addition, it is necessary to review the things in the notes in time, which is the use and respect for the fruits of one's own labor, and can also fully reflect the value of the notes.

It is worth your attention that taking notes and attending class are complementary, and attending class is the premise of taking notes, while taking notes is the supplement and consolidation of attending class, both of which are indispensable. You must coordinate the relationship between attending class and taking notes. You can't just listen and don't remember, and you can't just remember and don't listen.

Fourth, review.

There are many ways to review, and the effect will vary from person to person. The key is to form a review method suitable for your own situation. As long as you think the effect is good, you should stick to it and make it a study habit, and the result will be good. When you haven't found a very effective review method, you might as well learn from the experience of successful people, which is a shortcut to find an effective review method that suits you.

1, review should grasp the time and frequency ① time: review what you have learned on the same day. The later the time is, the higher the forgetting rate will be. When reviewing, on the one hand, you can recall the key points by reading books and taking notes; On the other hand, consolidate and strengthen by doing corresponding exercises.

② Frequency: Review is not an overnight job, and no one can review it once in one step. Review what you have learned on the same day, review it again in three days, and review what you have learned this week as a whole on weekends. We should also implement the "periodic review method", taking one month as the cycle. For example, when studying Unit 4, you should review Unit 1 in addition to this unit. When reviewing Unit 3, review Unit 2 by the way, so that you can review the previous content regularly and won't take up too much time at once. In addition, we should review in stages and before the exam.

2, review methods When reviewing, you should grasp the book and insist on reading. When you master the textbook, you master the examination questions. What you usually learn can be said to be a pearl, and review is a thread to string together what you have learned. When reviewing, we must focus on the weaknesses and defects in knowledge, as well as the key points and difficulties of the course itself. First of all, we should have a clear understanding of our own learning situation and understand where our weaknesses and defects are. Review is a process of re-learning, and it is a process of re-processing what you have learned. When reviewing, we should think about the degree of knowledge mastery, thoroughly understand and skillfully use it.

A common method in the review process is the "try to recall" review method, that is, to recall the main contents of the teacher's class without reading first. Some people call it "watching movies". While recalling, write it on paper, leaving blank what you can't remember. After the whole process, it is very helpful to check the effect of listening and learning by opening the class notes and comparing them with books, especially those contents that can't be recalled or those that are recalled incorrectly, which will be particularly impressive after comparison. Or lie in bed with your eyes closed before going to bed and try to remember the main points of today's teacher's lecture. When the memory is interrupted, take out your textbook and notebook and read it again. This method saves time and has a very good effect.

② The daily small review of the "content-content-association-content" four-part method is usually based on textbooks, supplemented by a small number of summary and explanation reference books, and a small number of exercises are carried out to test its mastery. To complete a large learning stage, a large-scale unified review is needed. Generally follow the teacher's review progress, and also arrange more time to review your poor subjects, and strive to solve all the problems in the review without leaving any questions for the exam. This needs to contact knowledge points before and after, and sum up some skills and rules. "Content-content-association-content" is a four-part series, namely: first, turn to the content, sort out the knowledge context of chapters, and form a certain knowledge system and framework in your mind; Then turn to the specific chapter and read it word by word, so as to understand each knowledge element in detail; Then recall and associate the knowledge points in the book; The last thing to do is to turn to the table of contents again and review it in your mind.

Fifth, do your homework.

1, the steps of doing homework should be "think, ask and gather"

It is important to have a thinking process before doing homework. In other words, don't start your homework, but review the content of the day first. You can take the form of a study diary, that is, list the knowledge points you learned that day, and then think back one by one, which I have mastered and which I haven't.

(2) Carefully examine the questions and be sure not to make mistakes. Many students often lose points because they read the wrong questions in the exam, so it is very important to make the meaning of the questions clear truthfully and firmly.

(3) Break it down into various parts to find a solution to the problem. Need to decompose various factors, aspects, known, unknown, potential known conditions, etc. Only in this way can we simplify the complexity, simplify the complexity and solve the problem step by step. Especially in material analysis, if you don't have the patience to analyze the topic, you will be at a loss because you have no way to start. When doing homework, we must form the habit of independent thinking and start from different methods and angles.

2. Precautions for homework ① Try not to rely on books when doing homework, treat homework as an exam and finish it independently. Never copy other people's homework if you don't do it yourself.

(2) Be careful not to delay for too long, strive for high efficiency and never delay.

Sixth, self-study.

Self-study is not an easy learning process for junior high school students, because the biggest problem for many junior high school students is that they can't learn independently, which means they don't know what else they can do except finish the homework assigned by the teacher. However, as an excellent student, you must have a set of self-study methods.

① Pay attention to cultivating self-study ability. Because, after all, you have to learn by yourself, and the teacher's class time is limited, mainly to inspire and guide students, and many things need to be learned after class. If you are only satisfied with mastering the knowledge in class, it will be a little difficult to get higher grades. Therefore, in order to achieve better results, in addition to mastering those basic knowledge, we should also pay attention to a wider range of self-study. The knowledge learned through self-study can not only broaden our thinking, but also have a deeper understanding of the content.

② Self-study must pay attention to efficiency. Pay attention to your most exciting and best study period. Self-study period is divided into self-study at school and self-study at home. Whether studying at school or at home, we should seize the time and complete the learning task efficiently.

Seven, reading

There are many kinds of books. Different books have different reading methods and different reading points. Reading history books is mainly to understand the relationship between a series of characters and events recorded in the book, including causality and time relationship. Mastering these relationships will achieve the purpose of reading. When reading this kind of books, you don't have to pay too much attention to a word, you must read them in order. When reading each chapter, you pay most attention to time, place, people and events, and then use these four elements to string the whole book together.

For textbooks, the common problem of junior high school students is "don't want to read" or "don't understand". One is that "the textbook is simple and not worth reading"; The second is that "the teacher has said it, there is nothing new, there is no need to read it again"; Third, there are many obstacles to reading, and I don't want to study. In fact, reading is also very important and must not be ignored. To improve the reading effect, we should grasp the following three links: "reading before class", that is, preview and rough reading, so as to enter the classroom with a "bottom" in mind, doubts in mind and doubts in mind; Read it again before doing homework, that is, review, requiring "careful reading"; If you encounter problems in training, you should read the corresponding chapters repeatedly and ask for "intensive reading". In addition, when reading textbooks, we should grasp the knowledge points, key points and difficulties, and form the knowledge structure of this lesson or this chapter through our own induction and summary, thus forming a piecemeal and dribble knowledge system. Through the training in the above aspects, students can experience the taste of reading and truly realize that "books are the best teachers", so as to develop good reading habits. If you master the reading method, your self-study ability will be improved accordingly.

Eight, memory

Memory is a very important part of learning. Knowing historical knowledge does not mean mastering historical knowledge. Only by memorizing knowledge on the basis of understanding can we quickly find a solution to the problem when we need to use what we have learned. Therefore, as far as learning is concerned, understanding is a necessary process, but memory is the ultimate goal. For history, remembering first may be beneficial to understanding and mastering.

1, memory rules generally stipulate the memory time, and a person can remember alone without interference. When remembering things, don't just read silently, use your senses as much as possible, such as writing while reading. It should be noted that you can't always open the book. After reciting something, be sure to close the book and read it in your mind. Sometimes, when you can't remember, don't turn it over immediately, but try to remember. If you really can't remember, watch it again.

It is best to recall what you have recited before going to bed, because there is no new information input into your brain during sleep, and what you have just recited can be undisturbed.

If the content of the book is too scattered and miscellaneous, draw a picture on a big piece of paper first, and then summarize the organization yourself before memorizing it. This is equivalent to combining scattered individuals into an organic whole, and then it is much easier to remember. Every time the amount of memory is also exquisite, it is necessary to quantitatively remember, and over time, the effect will gradually appear.

Finally, I emphasize that it is not enough to have a good memory method. Some knowledge needs to be memorized in a down-to-earth manner, and you can't master it at all ~