3。 Labor played a key role in the evolution from apes to humans.

4。 Beijingers and cavemen belong to the late Paleolithic period, and their main labor methods are hunting and gathering;

This is the answer point:

1。 The basic characteristics of farming society are self-sufficiency in natural economy, narrow geographical area and isolation from each other; Agricultural economy can develop to a higher level, including handicrafts, commerce, markets, towns, etc. Different regions based on agriculture can also have different degrees of communication and influence, but as long as they are based on agriculture, they will never completely change the closed-door state among all ethnic groups and regions.

2.

Humans have gone through the following steps with fire:

First, use natural fire. Volcanic eruption, lightning bombardment, meteorite landing, long-term dry welding, spontaneous combustion of coal and trees, etc. , can form a natural fire. This process has been repeated many times, so that people can see the power and function of fire and gradually learn to use it. It may be to lead the fire into a cave and often put firewood in it to form a fire that is not easy to extinguish for people to use.

Second, drill wood for fire. Make a fire by drilling wood friction, and then ignite the combustible material to get the fire, and ignite the fire.

Third, make a fire with flint, sickle and tinder. Legend has it that primitive people threw stones at their prey when hunting, and sparks burst out because of the collision of stones. Over time, they learned to hit each other with stones, and then lit the fluff of plants to make a fire. Later, this method was improved in many aspects, and a systematic fire-making tool of flint, sickle and tinder was formed.

Because people know how to use fire, they gradually learned to burn ceramics, smelt metals and make glass.

I will give you some information to expand your understanding and broaden your horizons, but you don't have to answer these questions:

About ten thousand years ago, agriculture and animal husbandry began in the ancient world. There are several unique farming centers in the world. It was first in West Asia. Near Mesopotamia, residents domesticated wild wheat and developed into an agricultural center for growing wheat and barley. Followed by East Asia and Southeast Asia, including China. Wheat has been planted in the Yellow River valley of China. South of the Yangtze River in China, Southeast Asia and Ganges River in India are all characterized by rice cultivation. Another corn planting center is Mexico. Peru may be another corn planting center. There is also the inland of sub-Saharan Africa, and the academic circles believe that there may also be independent agricultural centers. After the agricultural center was formed, it gradually developed into a place convenient for farming. Thousands of years later, as far as Eurasia is concerned, from the Yellow River to the Yangtze River in China, from the Indus River to the Ganges River in India, from Anna Togna to Iranian and Afghan West Asia and Central Asia, and from the Mediterranean coast in Europe, it has successively become a farming and semi-farming area. This zone extends between the two ends of the Eurasian continent and forms a long arc to the south. Historians call this long arc-shaped area the farming world. Agriculture was originally combined with animal husbandry. In Eurasia, the areas that are easy to cultivate are basically in the south, that is, the farming world has formed from east to west.

The position of the nomadic world. In nomadic areas, it basically starts from Siberia in the north, passes through northeast China, reaches Mongolia in the north, Central Asia, Aral Sea and Caspian Sea, Caucasus in the south, reaches Russia in the middle of Europe, and also crosses the middle zone of Eurasia from east to west. Historians call this area the nomadic world. Between these two worlds, from Xing 'an Mountain, Yanshan Mountain, Yinshan Mountain, Qilian Mountain, Kunlun Mountain, Hindu Kush Mountain, Sagros Mountain and Caucasus Mountain in the east to Carpathian Mountain in Europe, their dividing line is generally formed.

Compared with the nomadic world, the growth rate of agricultural production is greater than nomadic production. Farming will inevitably tend to settle down, and its development and the subsequent development of society and civilization will have a greater and more stable possibility of continuous inheritance. After the grain production is abundant, it is possible to separate a part of the labor force to engage in activities other than farming. Therefore, the farming world produced civilization relatively quickly, class division and public rights appeared earlier, and a social order conducive to expanding reproduction was formed on a large scale. Compared with the farming world, the production growth in the nomadic world is slow, and more social labor can not or rarely be divided for various activities other than nomadism. The nomadic world also has class division, but the division is very limited. Primitive tribal system exists firmly and stays in a simple but backward state. These two parallel worlds, one is rich and advanced, the other is barren and backward, farming in the south and grazing in the north, and the south is rich and the north is poor. Jiuquan (now Gansu) in the northwest of China is the intersection of two civilizations, where there are trading places of farming civilization and farming and animal husbandry civilization, and there are horse and tea exchanges.

Farming economy has a great influence on the development of China culture. This farming economy can create the earliest and most advanced civilization in the world. However, it has made China a self-sufficient natural economy combining agriculture with cottage industry. Men's farming and women's weaving are small in scale and simple in division of labor, and are not used for commodity exchange. Agricultural civilization, bound by feudal ideas, closed its doors to the outside world. There was no typical economic structure of combining agriculture and animal husbandry in ancient China. The later development of farming civilization is increasingly restricting the development of China society.