1. Shang Yang's political reform should be regarded as the most meaningful reform in the pre-Qin period. Shang Yang's political reform changed the backward position of Qin to a great extent, making Qin the most powerful country in the Warring States period, and laid a solid foundation for the later Qin Dynasty to unify the whole country. At the same time, the content of Shang Yang's political reform still has a very far-reaching influence on later generations. Although Shang Yang's political reform was not carried out at that time, it does not mean that Shang Yang's political reform was a failure.
2. The county system reform in the Qin Dynasty was a reform that had a far-reaching impact on the feudal society in China. The establishment of the county system in Qin dynasty changed the original regional management mode of the enfeoffment system, which has been used until later generations. The county system ensured centralization and supremacy of imperial power to a great extent, which was very beneficial to territorial management at that time.
3. The imperial examination system was established in Sui and Tang Dynasties. The establishment of the imperial examination system provided a steady stream of talents for the country's rule, improved the monopoly of official positions by local strongmen at that time, provided a platform for poor scholars to show themselves, promoted class mobility and maintained social stability. At the same time, talented people can be reused and the country can become more prosperous.
4. The reform of Emperor Xiaowen in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Emperor Xiaowen's reform really promoted ethnic integration and improved the long-standing ethnic discrimination in ancient China. Let Xianbei people gradually move towards sinicization, which not only stabilized the rule of Emperor Xiaowen, but also really promoted the diversity of ancient culture in China. Today, the sinicization reform of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty still has far-reaching influence.