First, the embryonic stage-September 1978 to February 1987.
For a long time after the founding of New China, China's urban housing system mainly implemented the distribution system of public houses and units in kind. For some people who do not meet the distribution conditions, this system of free distribution of welfare housing can only sigh, which not only directly leads to the structural stratification of urban people, but also shows its inherent disadvantages with the acceleration of urbanization in China.
From 65438 to 0978, Deng Xiaoping, the chief architect of reform and opening up, initiated the commercialization of housing and put forward the housing reform. Deng Xiaoping asked, "Can we solve the housing problem in a wider way?" His important speech was conveyed at the urban housing construction conference held by the Central Committee in September of the same year, and was first implemented in more developed cities.
From 65438 to 0979, Shanghai Zhonghua Enterprise Company launched 20 apartments, all of which were sold to overseas Chinese.
1980 foreign exchange apartments and houses began to appear. 1980 On February 28th, the Shanghai Municipal Committee held a working conference on housing construction in the whole city, pointing out that the commodity properties of ordinary building standard houses sold to employees of this unit at market or preferential prices began to infiltrate into ordinary houses;
From 65438 to 0979, East Lake New Village, the earliest commercial housing community in China, was born in Guangzhou.
1April 2, 980, Comrade Deng Xiaoping put forward the general idea of housing system reform more clearly, and proposed to take the road of housing commercialization. He pointed out: "Individual urban residents can buy houses or build their own houses. Not only new houses can be sold, but also old houses can be sold. You can pay in one lump sum or in installments, and pay in 10 and 15. After the house is sold, I'm afraid the rent will be adjusted, and the rent will be adjusted according to the house price. Let people consider buying a house cost-effective. " "If the rent is too low, people will not buy a house." "In the future, rents will rise, and employees with low wages will be subsidized." Deng Xiaoping's suggestion on housing commercialization pointed out the direction for the reform of urban housing system in China.
In June of the same year, the Central Committee and the State Council jointly approved the report outline of the National Capital Construction Work Conference, and announced that the housing commercialization policy would be formally implemented. After the idea of housing commercialization was formally put forward, individual pilots were first carried out nationwide.
From 65438 to 0979, the pilot work of full-price commercial housing sales began, and Guangzhou, Xi, Liuzhou, Wuzhou, Nanning and other cities took the lead. Then, on the one hand, the pilot cities were continuously expanded, and on the other hand, the pilot work of housing subsidies was launched. By 1986, China's urban housing system reform has achieved good results throughout the country. In February of the same year, the State Council established the the State Council Housing System Reform Leading Group, which was responsible for the national housing system reform and made preparations for further deepening the housing reform. 198 1 year, Zhong Fang company, the earliest real estate enterprise in China, was established, which means the commercialization of housing in China began. Second, the initial stage-19881to1998 In the early 1980s, starting from a series of speeches by Comrade Deng Xiaoping on housing commercialization, the welfare distribution system of urban housing in China began to reform, but this reform was mainly aimed at the reform of housing distribution system, and did not involve the reform of housing supply system, which was still provided by the state and housing. People have not fully established the concept of housing resources distribution according to the market. Public housing accounts for the main proportion, and commercial housing has a small share in the market. Most of the houses are built by units and then distributed to employees. The distribution form of housing is mainly physical distribution, supplemented by money.
In October, the State Council held the first national conference on housing system reform. In February of the same year, with the approval of the State Council, the leading group for housing reform in the State Council issued the Implementation Plan for Implementing the Reform of Urban Housing System in China by Stages. The practice and experience of the pilot cities have been fully affirmed, and the national housing reform work has been further deployed, which indicates that the national housing system reform has entered the overall scheme design from point to point. At this stage, it is mainly to speed up the reform of housing difficulties households. The basic idea is to raise rents and wages, encourage employees to buy houses, and realize the commercialization of housing.
1992 After Deng Xiaoping's southern tour speech, in the same year, 10, the central government first proposed to establish a socialist market economic system, which effectively solved the relationship between the plan and the market, thus driving the whole upsurge of real estate development. For example, the earliest commercial housing residential community in Beijing real estate market is Fangzhuang Community, which was built in 1985 and began to be sold the following year. However, it was not until the 1990s that the commercial housing market in Beijing really began to rise. For another example, Vanke, the largest professional housing development company in China, was mainly engaged in trade when 1984 was established. 1988 began to enter housing enterprises. 1990 initially formed four business frameworks: commerce, industry, real estate and cultural communication. 1992, the development of mass housing was officially determined as the core business of the company. In 2008 alone, the newly started area of the company was 5.233 million square meters, and the completed area was 5.294 million square meters, achieving sales of 47.87 billion yuan and net profit of 4.03 billion yuan.
After 10 years of efforts, Vanke has established a competitive advantage position in the housing industry. At this stage, the state has also begun to turn people's rented public houses into commodities and sell them to renters, so that non-commercial houses have become commercial houses. On this basis, the People's Government of Hunan Province issued the Notice of Interim Measures for the Administration of Housing Reform in Hunan Province on May 17, 1999 (Xiang [19993 10]), which officially started the road of housing commercialization.
Looking back at the development history of commercial housing, influenced by the international and domestic economic environment, national macro-control and other factors, since the emergence of commercial housing in China market in 1980s, the real estate in China has experienced thrilling ups and downs.
Since 2009, with the introduction of the national economic stimulus plan and measures to boost consumption and economic growth in various places, China's economy has begun to return strongly, and China's real estate has also begun to exert its strength at this time, which is completely unexpected.
In a positive sense, the development of commercial housing in China has greatly promoted the national housing project. At the same time, because the market supervision has not kept up, it has led to endless development and crazy speculation, resulting in a large backlog of the current property market and a great waste of social resources, which deserves our management's deep reflection.