2. Tang Yao: From about 2357 to about 2262, Tang Yao Di was in Pingyang (now Linfen, Shanxi).
3. Shunyu: From about 2262 to about 2029, she was born in Puban (now Yongji, Shanxi).
4. Xia Dynasty: About 2029-about 198 1 years ago, about 1933- about 1559 years ago, I leaned to Yangcheng (now Luoyang, Henan) (now Dengfeng, Henan) Xia Wangyu Xia Wangqi Xia Wangshaokang.
5. Poverty: About 198 1 years ago-about 1973 (now hua county, Henan), there was a poor king Yi.
6. Cold Dynasty: Han Zhuo, the cold water king from about 1973 to about 1933 (now Weifang, Shandong).
7. Shang (Yin) Dynasty: about BC 1559-about BC 1046 1559-about BC 1300 (Shang) 1300 (Shang).
8. Zhou Dynasty: 65438 BC+0046 BC-256 BC.
9. Western Zhou Dynasty: About 1046-77 1 years ago, Haojiang (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi) was located in the west of Zhou Wenwang, chauncey, Zhou Wuwang and Ji Fa.
10. Eastern Zhou Dynasty: From 770 BC to 256 BC, Luoyi (now Luoyang, Henan) was located in Jiyijiu, east of Zhou Pingwang.
1 1. Spring and Autumn Period: 770 BC-476 BC.
12. Warring States Period: 475 BC-2265438 BC+0 BC.
Feudal society: 1. Qin Dynasty: 22 1 year ago-Ying Zheng, the first Qin Emperor, 206 years before Xianyang (now Xianyang, Shaanxi).
2. Western Chu: From 206 to 202 years ago, Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu) was the overlord of Western Chu, Xiang Yu.
3. Han Dynasty: 202 -263 BC (including Shu Han)
4. Western Han Dynasty: Liu Bang was the great ancestor of the Western Han Dynasty in Chang 'an (now Xi, Shaanxi) from 202 BC to 8 AD.
New Dynasty: From eight to twenty-three, Wang Mang, the new ancestor of Chang 'an (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi).
Xuanhan: Chang 'an (now Xi City, Shaanxi Province) was the first emperor of Xuanhan in Liu Xuan in 23-25 AD.
Eastern Han Dynasty: Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan) in the Eastern Han Dynasty from 25 to 220 AD.
Three Kingdoms Period: 220 -280 years
Cao Wei: 220 -265 Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan) Cao Wei Wendi Cao Pi.
Shu Han: 22 1 -263 Chengdu (now Chengdu, Sichuan) Liu Chan, the queen of Liu Bei of Shu Han.
Sun Wu: 222 -280 Jianye (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) Dongwu Sun Quan.
Jin Dynasty: 265 -420
Western Jin Dynasty: 265 -3 16 Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan Province) Sima Yan, emperor of the Western Jin Dynasty.
Eastern Jin Dynasty: 3 17 -420 Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) Si Marui, emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
Sixteen countries: 304 -420 years
The end of sixteen countries: 420 -439.
Southern and Northern Dynasties: 386 -589
Southern Dynasties: 420 -589
Liu Song: 420 -479 Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), Wudi and Liu Yu in Liu Song.
Nanqi: 479 -502 Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) Xiao Daocheng, Emperor Gaudi of Nanqi.
Nanliang: 502 -557 Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) Xiaoyan, Liang Wudi.
Chen Nan: 557 -589 Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) Chen Baxian, Chen Wudi.
Northern Dynasties: 386 -589
Mid-late Northern Wei Dynasty: 420 -557 Pingcheng Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan Province) (now Datong, Shanxi Province), Tuoba GUI, Daowudi of Northern Wei Dynasty, Justin, Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei Dynasty.
Eastern Wei Dynasty: From 534 to 550, Yecheng (now Ye Zhen, Hebei Province) was the first emperor of the Eastern Wei Dynasty.
Western Wei Dynasty: Yuanbaoju in Chang 'an (now Xi City, Shaanxi Province) and West Wei Wendi from 532 to 556.
Beiqi: From 550 to 577, Yecheng (now Ye Zhen, Hebei Province) belonged to Beiqi, Levin, Wen Xuandi.
Northern Zhou Dynasty: 557 -58 1 Chang 'an (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province) Yu Wenjue, Emperor Xiaozong of Northern Zhou Dynasty.
Sui Dynasty: 58 1 -6 18 Chang 'an (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi) Sui Wendi Sui Wendi.
Tang Dynasty: 6 18 -690 705 -907 Chang 'an (now Shaanxi An) Li Zhongzong.
Wu Zhou: From 690 to 705, Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan Province), Wu Zhou and Wu Zetian were gods.
Five Dynasties: 907 -960 Hou Liang: 907 -923 Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan) Hou Liang Taizu Zhu Wen.
Late Tang Dynasty: From 923 to 936, after passing through Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan), Tangzhuang lived in Li.
Later Jin Dynasty: 936 -947 Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan), Shi Jingtang, the great ancestor of the later Jin Dynasty.
Later Han Dynasty: From 947 to 950, Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan) was the great ancestor of the Han Dynasty, Liu Zhiyuan.
Later Zhou Dynasty: 95 1 -960 Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), the great ancestor of the later Zhou Dynasty, Guo Wei.
Ten countries: 907 -979: Liao Dynasty (Khitan): 916-10/25 to visit Yelu Baoji in Beijing (now Baling Zuo Qi, Inner Mongolia).
Song dynasty: 960-1279
Northern Song Dynasty: 960-1 127 Tokyo (now Kaifeng, Henan) and Zhao Kuangyin, northern Song Taizu.
Southern Song Dynasty: 1 127-1279 Lin 'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) Zhao Gou was the emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty.
Xixia: 1038- 1227 Xingqing (Zhongxing) (now Yinchuan, Ningxia) Xixia Jing Zong Li Yuanhao.
Jin Dynasty:1115-1234 Zhongjing (now Beijing) Jin Taizu Hong Yan Yan Hong Akuta.
Great Mongolia: 1206-127 1 year Music sculpture Alan (present-day Kent province of Mongolia) Mongolia (Yuan) Taizu Genghis Khan.
Yuan Dynasty: 127 1 year-1368 Bolzigjit Kim Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty (now Beijing).
Ming Dynasty: 1368-1644 Ying Tian (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) Shi Jing (now Beijing) Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang and Ming Chengzu Judy.
Late Jin Dynasty: 16 16-1636 Shengjing (now Shenyang, Liaoning Province) Late Jin Dynasty (Qing Dynasty) Taizu Aixinjue Luonuerhachi
Dashun: 1644-1644 Li Zicheng, king of the capital (now Beijing).
Qing Dynasty: 1636-19 12 Shengjing Shi Jing (now Shenyang, Liaoning Province) (now Beijing) Qing (later Jin Dynasty) Emperor Taizong, Emperor Taiji, Qing ancestor the emperor shunzhi Aisingiorro Fu Lin.
Chinese Empire:1915-1916 Beiping (now Beijing) Hong Xiandi Yuan Shikai.
Puppet Manchukuo: 1932-1945 Xinjing (now Changchun, Jilin) Kant and Aisin Giorro Puyi.
Extended information: China's dynasties used "dynasty" as the dividing standard to distinguish the ruling time of a certain regime, so the duration of "dynasty" often overlapped with the countries of "dynasty". ?
2. For example, the countries of Qin, Sui, Tang, Song, Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties all coincide with the time of dynasties, and the rise and fall of a certain dynasty is also the rise and fall of this dynasty.
3. Although many dynasties in China overlap with the titles of dynasties, this does not mean that dynasties are equal to the concept of "dynasties", which is similar to a modern ruling government.
4. Gu said that "the protector of the country, its princes, carnivores seek it; Different from the concept of modern sovereign countries, people who protect the world are humble and responsible.
5. Under the concept of feeling at home, the royal family in China has become the dominator of the world through rotation, and "changing dynasties" is the process of changing the ruling regime of the dynasty.
6. Qin dynasty: the rule was cruel and the power was too great.
After Qin Shihuang defeated the six countries and achieved reunification, Qin Shiwang became the supreme figure, and his rule was quite cruel. Coupled with the reason of Shang Yang's political reform, it can be said that the word "severe punishment" is inseparable from the rule of the Qin Dynasty.
If anything goes wrong, the nine clansmen will be punished by torture, and in the great process of building the Great Wall and Epang Palace, it is inevitable that those who are served will resist under heavy corvee.
The most famous is the famous saying shouted by Chen Sheng and Guangwu: "A prince would rather have a seed", and the people all want to rise up under the tyranny of Qin Shiwang; Another reason is that the power of the Prime Minister is too great. Although it is said that it is a system of three public officials and nine officials, the power is still in the hands of the prime minister. The world says that Zhao Gao caused the demise of Qin.
However, without the background of Prime Minister Reese, Zhao Gao's plan will not succeed. After he became prime minister, he held more power, killed innocent ministers and alienated people, which eventually led to the demise of the Qin Dynasty.
7. Han dynasty: the county and the country are parallel, and the consorts are reused.
After the unification of the Han dynasty, it also imitated the county system of the Qin dynasty, but later, in order to show its majesty, it was changed to the parallel system of counties and countries. In fact, the ruling system of the Han dynasty was a combination of the county system and the enfeoffment system, which sealed a large number of foreign officials and reused consorts.
The result not only failed, but triggered the "Seven-Country Rebellion". Before that, the power of all those who were sealed off to the outside world became more and more powerful, which directly affected the court. Later, the imperial court sent troops to fight with the princes for years, dragging down the original powerful national strength step by step, and finally the Han Dynasty went to the abyss of extinction.
8. Tang Dynasty: There were many buffer towns, which endangered the central government.
At that time, the Tang Dynasty was the most powerful country in the world, equivalent to the United States now, and was far ahead in science and technology, weapons and agriculture. However, the reason for its demise is the vassal region. After the reunification of the Tang Dynasty, princes were established throughout the country, and ministers were conferred as our envoys, and all localities were enfeoffed.
Later, it was these ministers who became more and more powerful and did not listen to the court, which led to the "Anshi Rebellion". Since then, the Tang Dynasty has consumed its national strength again and again in many upheavals, such as Huang Chao Uprising and Wang Xianzhi Uprising, and finally went to collapse.
9. Song Dynasty: Emphasis on literature over martial arts, insufficient strength.
The Song Dynasty witnessed the demise of the Tang Dynasty. In order to prevent the seizure of power by ministers, consorts, queens, royal families and eunuchs, and to resist foreign interference such as Liao and Xia, political, military and financial power was concentrated in the court to the maximum extent.
A series of autocratic and centralized political systems, such as official system, military system, imperial examination and legal system, were established, and the three-point system was implemented at the same time, which enabled China's ancient centralization from the Song Dynasty to overcome local decentralization and local decentralization.
In this way, the power of local officials and ministers has been greatly reduced, and they no longer have enough ability to resist centralization. The emperor of the Song Dynasty believed that in order to strengthen the rule, it was necessary to weaken the military power of military commanders, because all the heavily armed generals were armed with knives, so the court began to recruit elite soldiers, and the military power was in the hands of the court. As a result, the generals who led the troops to fight lost their military power.
As a result, the Song Dynasty's ability to fight abroad was weak, and the cooperation between soldiers and generals was poor. In the battles with Xia, Liao, Jin, Mongolia and other countries, they were defeated one after another, and finally perished after such losses for a long time.
10. Yuan Dynasty: Ethnic discrimination ruled the darkness.
Before the Yuan Dynasty was established, or during Genghis Khan's period, Genghis Khan led Mongolian fighters to the Central Plains. Every time he captured the ideal city, he would kill all the Han civilians. After Genghis Khan, the rulers became more hostile to the Han people and put pressure on them everywhere.
In their view, the Han people are not even as good as a livestock, and they regard the Han people as labor slaves. This situation was alleviated in Kublai Khan's period, and the Yuan Dynasty was established. Kublai Khan reformed the system and demanded hatred of the Han people, but the status of the Han people was always at the bottom.
After Kublai Khan's death, the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty even retreated to Genghis Khan's period, which was even darker for the Han people, leading to the people's hardship, and thus the people's uprising broke out and overthrew the dark rule of the Yuan Dynasty.
10. Ming: financial crisis, improper employment.
After the previous Song Dynasty solved the layers of contradictions between the central and local governments, unexpectedly, a more obvious contradiction appeared. What is that? That is imperial power and relative power.
After Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, established the Ming Dynasty, Hu was killed because of the Hu Dang case, and the prime minister system with a history of 1600 years was abolished. After a period of development, the Ming Dynasty was promoted in all aspects, with economic prosperity and social stability.
However, there are various crises hidden behind this prosperity. Due to the concentration of fertile land in the world, some people began to hide taxes. In terms of fiscal revenue, the Ming government is getting worse every year, and coupled with the war with the Japanese, the military expenditure is even worse.
After Zheng He's seven voyages to the West, his powerful fleet consumed a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources, which further deepened the national financial crisis. However, when the financial crisis occurs, it is necessary to increase taxes on the people, which leads to public dissatisfaction and leads to peasant uprisings.
This is the first one, and then the improper employment in the demise of the Ming Dynasty. Treacherous court official Yan Song first, then Wei Zhongxian. Both of them were in charge of state affairs in different periods, doing evil and killing loyal ministers indiscriminately, which reversed the ruling order of the Ming Dynasty and eventually led to the gradual decline of the Ming Dynasty and the gradual demise of the Wang Dynasty.
1 1. Qing dynasty: closed to the outside world and decadent rule.
In the Qing dynasty, authoritarianism, that is, centralization, reached its peak. In order to improve efficiency, the military department was set up. However, even this centralized rule has not been able to get rid of the phenomenon of extinction. The main reason for extinction is to close the door, look on coldly, think that you will always be the hegemon, and indulge in the Chinese dream all the time.
At present, the strength of western developed countries is constantly improving, and technology is constantly updating. After the Industrial Revolution, the colonial aggression intention of western countries has been continuously strengthened, and the final direction of aggression is locked in China 1840.
In the war of words with western countries, the Qing government lost ground one after another, so there were things that humiliated the country, such as signing treaties and ceding land for compensation, and the perennial war made the treasury empty. Therefore, the Qing government could not increase taxes on large farmers, which led to the loss of popular support and eventually died in the Revolution of 1911.
It is not difficult to see from the reasons for the demise of various dynasties that the ultimate reason for the demise is that the people did not support it, which led to the peasant uprising, and the factors that the people did not support were nothing more than the political imperfections of the rulers and the disregard of the intuitive feelings of the people.
From the Qin Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the rulers of all previous dynasties used the rise and fall of the previous dynasties to formulate policies. However, the increasing centralization of power has increasingly bound people's minds. The feudal system has not been completely changed, which is the reason for the continuous replacement from Qin dynasty to Qing dynasty.
Reference source: Dynasty _ Baidu Encyclopedia