This method is suitable for remembering complicated historical events. A complex historical event, covering many aspects, relies on mechanical rote memorization to remember life and death. The impression left in my mind is chaotic and vague, and it is bound to be fragmented and incomplete to recall. If after careful analysis, first find out several points of this historical event, and then further clarify the relationship between these points, thus forming a network, it will be easy to remember. When you need to recall, just spread out this network and store it in your mind, and the impression of this historical event will be completely, accurately, clearly and quickly reproduced. This is the network memory method. For example, we should remember the historical event "How the Jinggangshan base area was established". After analysis, we first determine that it has five main points: ① Hunan-Jiangxi riots; ② Wen Jia turn; ③ Adaptation of Sanwan; ④ Jinggang Tree Flag; (5) the dragon city is stationed. Then find out the relationship between them, that is, the order of the main points and the internal relationship between the main points, so as to firmly remember this historical event.
Network memory method is based on understanding, which needs to understand the relationship between points and the content and essence of each point itself. This requires a careful analysis of historical events. The more thorough the analysis, the deeper the understanding and the stronger the memory. Otherwise, it is of little use. For example, the main point (4) is to set up a banner in Jinggang, which includes guerrilla warfare, agrarian revolution, establishment of local armed forces, restoration of local party organizations, and establishment of workers and peasants' political power. In essence, the establishment of Jinggangshan revolutionary base opened up the road of China revolution in practice. So we use "Jinggang Tree Flag" to summarize this point. If you don't understand the content and essence of this point at all, just remembering a "Jinggang Tree Flag" can't play a role in inspiring thinking and restoring impressions. What's the use?
Second, the classification memory method
This method is suitable for general review. The content of history textbooks is very complicated, and memorizing the basic knowledge of history in isolation is bound to make you dizzy, and the result is still a mess. If we adopt the method of classified memory, we can classify the basic knowledge of history, summarize it in turn according to the nature of the problem, and sort out the clues, which will be convenient for memory. This is called classified memory.
For example, the modern history of China can be divided into: a failed reform (the Reform Movement of 1898); The birth of two classes (the proletariat and the national bourgeoisie); Three revolutionary climaxes (Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Boxer Rebellion, Xinhai Revolution); Four important unequal treaties (treaty of nanking, treaty of shimonoseki, Xin Chou Treaty and Article 21); Five imperialist wars of aggression against China (Opium War, Second Opium War, Sino-French War, Sino-Japanese War, Eight-Nation Alliance's War of Aggression against China).
For another example, Taiwan Province Province has been the territory of China since ancient times. We can list the historical facts of the relationship between the mainland and Taiwan Province Province by dynasty: During the Three Kingdoms period, Wei Wen of Soochow led a fleet of ten thousand people to Yizhou, that is, Taiwan Province Province; The Yuan Dynasty established the Penghu Inspection Department in Tongan County, Fujian Province, which was responsible for the jurisdiction of Taiwan Province Province and Penghu. In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, Zheng Chenggong defeated the Dutch colonists and recovered Taiwan Province Province. The Qing government established the Taiwan Province government in 1684, which was subordinate to Fujian province. This will make the problem clear at a glance.
Classified memory method is like threading a bead with a thread, which can connect some basic historical knowledge of different periods and the same nature into a series of systematic knowledge. It not only helps to firmly remember some basic historical knowledge, but also helps to deepen the understanding of the whole picture and essence of historical development.
Third, the comparative memory method
This method is suitable for remembering major historical events that often occur in history, such as peasant wars, political reforms, unequal treaties, etc. Such historical events are often confused in memory, either because of the same nature or because of similar forms of expression. Comparative memory can overcome confusion best. Through comparison, we can clearly reveal the similarities and differences between historical events, highlight their respective characteristics, and help us deepen our understanding and enhance our memory. However, it should not be simple and hasty, but should be carried out seriously from all aspects and angles. Special attention should be paid to finding "differences" in "similarities" and "similarities" in "differences". Such as treaty of nanking and Tianjin Treaty. Both of them are unequal treaties that the imperialist aggressors forced the Qing government to sign by force to betray the rights and interests of the Chinese nation. The main content of the treaty is forced trade, and one of the main funds is forced opening of trading ports. These are all the same. Treaty of nanking was forced to open five mouths. The Tianjin Treaty was forcibly opened ten times. These ports are easy to remember. However, if we analyze these ports geographically, we will find that the ports in treaty of nanking are all on the southeast coast, while the ports in Tianjin Treaty have extended to the north and the mainland. If we find this "difference", we will not be easily confused. On the other hand, trading ports extend from south to north and from the coast to the inland. From this "difference", we can see that the purpose of imperialist launching two opium wars is to open the China market, which is another "same". From here, we can further realize that the Second Opium War was the continuation and expansion of the First Opium War.
It can be seen that memorizing historical knowledge by comparative method can not only strengthen memory, but also deepen understanding, killing two birds with one stone.
Fourth, the method of reciting ballads.
Psychological experiments have proved that folk songs have 80 words and can be recited after reading them eight times. And the same number of words with incoherent meanings can only be remembered after reading 80 times. Why? Because ballads have rhythm, they are catchy and easy to recite with the help of phonological rhythm. According to this truth, we will make some basic knowledge of history into songs, which will be easier to remember. This is the so-called ballad memory. For example, in the ancient history of China, the changing dynasties often make people feel complicated and difficult to remember, and they are compiled into songs, "Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Three Kingdoms, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties; There were five dynasties under the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and the imperial system disappeared in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. This is easy to remember.
It should be noted that the songs written must be short and pithy; The content must be accurate and comprehensive; Language strives for liveliness.
Five, chart memory method
This method is characterized by strengthening the intuitive effect of teaching, mobilizing visual functions, stimulating imagination and enhancing memory with the help of charts. Maps mainly refer to maps; Table, mainly refers to the table.
It is very effective to remember the war process with maps. For example, remember the Spartak Uprising in ancient Rome and the right picture of Zuo Shu. With the space movement of the slave rebel army, the activity routes such as Kapuya, Vesuvius, Metabondo and Mutina were marked on the map, and then they turned to Lezzo, broke through the defense line of crassus, and fought a decisive battle near the port of Brindisi. In this way, we can not only clearly see the whole development process of the uprising, but also help to understand that the uprising is galloping on the Italian peninsula and has caused a heavy blow to the slave owners.
Using tables to record historical events is clear at a glance, which is convenient to grasp the characteristics of events and deepen the impression. For example.
Briefly describe the development of Chinese national capitalism from 1895 to 1898.
Factories and mines
total
heavy industry
light industry
coal mine
metal
Machine factory
screw
Cotton textile dyeing
other
62
four
three
1
34
10
10
proportion
6.5%
5%
1.6%
54.8%
16. 1%
16. 1%
13%
87%
It can be clearly seen from this table that after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, Chinese national capitalism developed rapidly in light industry and slowly in heavy industry. While heavy industry is the foundation, these top-heavy features of Chinese national capitalism are clearly exposed and easy to understand and remember.
There are several ways to remember historical knowledge, and there is also a problem of remembering historical years. The historical age itself is very boring and difficult to remember. Some historical periods, such as the beginning and end of feudal society, can only be memorized. But there are also some historical periods, which we can associate with artificially to facilitate our memory. Here are some examples:
First, grasp the characteristic memory of the times themselves. For example, Mongolian gold, 1234, four numbers are arranged in the order of natural numbers. Marx was born, 18 18, two 18.
Second, grasp the distance memory between major events. For example: the first civil revolutionary war failed, 1927, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out,1937; China People's Liberation Army turned to counterattack, 1947. All three are ten years apart.
Third, grasp the causal relationship of major historical events and record the age. For example: 19 17 October Revolution, the revolution stopped fighting, 19 18 World War I results; The Paris Peace Conference rejected China's just demand and became the fuse of the May 4th Movement in 19 19.
The May 4th Movement pushed the New Culture Movement to a new stage, spreading Marxism into the mainstream, * * * production groups appeared in 1920, Marxism was combined with the workers' movement, and China * * * production party was born in 192 1.
The strength of memory often varies from person to person. People with poor memory generally lack interest in learning knowledge and opportunities and methods to review their memories. Improving these elements can improve the efficiency of memory. Some teachers usually don't pay much attention to the guidance of methodology, which is wrong. History is a science, and people who study science must also use scientific methods, which is an objective requirement. Therefore, history teachers also have the responsibility to tell students some ways to remember historical knowledge at any time.