In the Eastern Han Dynasty, eunuchs were appointed since Emperor An 'di, and after eunuchs intervened in the election, the development of the gentry was restrained. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the consort He Jin, together with the cremation Yuan Shao, celebrities He Qing and Xun You, murdered the eunuch. The eunuch Zhang Rang took the lead in killing the general He Jin, and then Dong Zhuo entered Beijing, causing a scuffle among warlords. As a result, the three kingdoms separated and confronted each other, and various regimes accumulated a large number of celebrities. "Famous heroes, rich in the world, flying clouds, Wan Li goes", gathered under the three regimes of Wei, Shu and Wu. Under Cao Cao's regime, celebrities gathered, and they all made great contributions to pacifying the north. For example, Yu Xun prevented Cao Cao from withdrawing from Guandu, Xun You captured Lu Bu alive, Guo cut Wu Huan, Zhong You appeased Liangzhou, and led his troops to reclaim land. With their help, Cao Cao unified the north. However, after Battle of Red Cliffs, Cao Cao cleaned and destroyed Shi Ming Group, which suffered a great blow.
After Cao Pi became emperor, he immediately accepted the suggestion of Chen Qun, a famous minister and official minister, and formulated the "Nine-grade Zheng Zhi System", mainly to reconcile the contradiction between the common people and ordinary social groups in Cao Wei's regime, give consideration to their interests, and make the gentry serve them again under his regime. This system stipulates that the basis for selecting talents is morality, talent and family. However, due to the strong political and economic foundation of Turkic forces since the Eastern Han Dynasty, the right to vote was in the hands of gentry from the beginning. In the process of implementation, this system has been completely changed, and there has been a situation that only family background is valued and talent is not valued. Especially after the gentry group headed by Sima mastered the state affairs, the nine-level Zheng Zhi system became a tool for the gentry to manipulate the political power, resulting in the situation that "the world is high, and the handsome man is sinking into the present position".
After the establishment of the Western Jin regime, it developed by leaps and bounds, and the gentry developed into hereditary gentry, that is, gentry. There are two main reasons for the evolution from gentry to clan. The first is the change of the Jiupin system. Secondly, at the beginning and after the establishment of the Western Jin Dynasty, two systems were established. The first is the five-level title system. When Si Mazhao was the King of Jin, he ordered Pei Xiu to establish a five-level title system. The main recipients were the gentry, and the biggest ones were Jia, Pei and Wang. Another system is the stipulation that officials occupied land under the shadow of custom system in the sixth year of Jin Xianning (280). The land occupied by officials is divided into nine grades according to the Nine Grades System, and the grades are directly proportional to the number of fields occupied. The specific provisions are that the first-grade official has the right to occupy 50 hectares of land, and the following products are reduced by 5 hectares to 10 hectares. At the same time, it is stipulated that officials can shelter relatives and parties according to their grades, and the amount of asylum is also stipulated by nine grades. It is also stipulated that "the imperial clan, the state guests, the descendants of sages and scholars are also the same." These two systems actually established the political and economic privileges and hereditary rights of the clan in the form of law to a certain extent, which became the main basis for the selection of Jiupin people. Clan privileges and hereditary rights stipulated by laws in the Western Jin Dynasty are quite different from those of the gentry in the Han Dynasty. There were also cases of substituting officials in the Han Dynasty, but that was caused by loopholes and shortcomings in the implementation of the electoral system, and there was no explicit law.
The clans in the Western Jin Dynasty mainly include: the Fahrenheit in the Plain (Cao Wei Hua Xin to Tai Wei), the Wangjia in the East China Sea (Wang Lang to Situ), the Peishi in Hedong (Wei Guan Pei Qian to Shangshuling), the Weishi in Hedong (defending to Shangshu), the Fufeng Su Shi (Su Zeshi to Shi Zhong), the Jingzhao (Duji) and the Northern Fu. As far as its origin is concerned, it is mostly developed by the dignitaries in Cao Wei.
The main feature of the clan in the Western Jin Dynasty is that it has the privilege of being an official for generations in politics. Ideologically, clans generally advocate metaphysics, and many powerful clans are also representatives of metaphysics. Clans advocate broadmindedness and freedom in social life, which is more serious in the middle and late Western Jin Dynasty. At that time, the children of dignitaries drank naked and were jealous of being maids and concubines. "Those who go against it are bitter and kind, and those who go against it laugh." At the same time, in order to maintain their social status, clans often build a dam on marriage, "scholars don't marry", and clans only choose spouses to marry within their own class. Economically, clans generally have their own manors. For example, Shi Chong in the Western Jin Dynasty had a villa in Jingujian, Henan Province (now southwest of Luoyang City), surrounded by clear springs, with lush trees, pavilions, fish and birds, fruits and trees. The main labor force of clan landlord manor is the Ministry and tenant farmers. Their status is lower than that of farmers, and they can't leave their land at will.
After the demise of the Western Jin Dynasty, the clan established the clan gate rule in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In essence, several large clan groups take turns to control state affairs. At the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the five major gate valve groups of Shandong Wangjia, Yingchuan Shi Yu, Qiao Jun Huanshi, Chenjun Xie Shi and Taiyuan Wangjia ruled in turn. The economic basis of the imperial clan gate valve is Datianzhuang. They seek development by occupying land and protecting ze, and their thoughts are mainly advocating metaphysics. In the history of China, the rule of the gate valve only existed in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and it never appeared after the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, although the form of gate rule no longer existed, the clan, as a social stratum, still had great advantages in politics and economy. In the 27th year of Song Yuanjia (450), He Shangzhi, the left servant of Shangshu, participated in the discussion. "Three or five people were sent to Yanzhou in the south, and their fathers, grandfathers, uncles and brothers engaged in public service in the state, as well as those engaged in public service in Beixu and Yanzhou, were emperors, whose family name was Shu main book, and their emperors' mansion joined the army as a guardian country, so that more than three people were not allowed to make exceptions. "The scope of the privilege of exemption from military service has been determined, and in fact, the minimum sign of being included in the clan has been stipulated. After the Song and Qi Dynasties, poor landlords and wealthy businessmen made efforts to make their families conform to the above regulations and changed their household registration. Therefore, in the early years of the Southern Qi Dynasty, a large-scale household registration inspection was ordered, which led to the Tang Yu Uprising. The members of the uprising were mainly poor landlords who were proposed to change their household registration. Although the uprising was suppressed, the household registration inspection had to be stopped. Announced the restoration of the promulgated household registration, and the clan team expanded rapidly.
In the Northern Dynasties, as early as the Taizu period of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Ho Choi, a relative of the Han clan, put forward the idea of "distinguishing surnames in the order of virtue", which was actually to distinguish ordinary people from ordinary people. At that time, there was great resistance, and Ho Choi was punished, which had a lot to do with this. Emperor Xiaowen began to choose his surname after moving to Luoyang. Emperor Xiaowen's criterion for determining surnames is to judge the level of surnames according to previous official positions and titles. In the 19th year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty (495), the imperial edict was officially promulgated: "Its eight surnames, Mu, Lu, He, Liu, Lou, Yu, Ji and Wei, all descended from their ancestors, respected the present era, and were in the position of princes, knowing what they were burning, taking charge of state affairs and not pretending to be officials. There were four surnames (Cui, Lu and Li).
In the seventh year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (587), the imperial examination system was defined as the unification of the country, and the Zheng Zhi system with nine grades was officially abolished, and the clan class also declined.