199 1 is a year in which Yugoslavia developed from political turmoil to civil war and division. The war that broke out in June and lasted for several months mercilessly claimed tens of thousands of lives, swallowed up tens of billions of dollars of wealth and plunged the federal state into disintegration. The division of Yugoslavia and the continuing civil war have aroused great concern and deep anxiety of the international community.
With the disintegration of SADC 1990, the formation of multi-party system and the victory of some opposition parties in the Republic elections, the contradictions among the republics on the future state system of Yugoslavia are becoming increasingly serious. Slovenia and Croatia strongly demand confederation and seek their own complete independence. Serbia and Montenegro adheres to federalism. With the increasing ethnic conflicts, 600,000 Serb residents in Croatia began to establish autonomous regions at the end of 1990, declaring their secession from Croatia and merging into the Republic of Serbia.
The institutional struggle led to the "Fuehrer's Crisis" in May 199 1, which made the Croatian representative Mesic, the country's "collective president", unable to get the required votes in the election of the chairman of the presidium held in June 15, and the chairman of the presidium was vacant for one and a half months due to the opposition of Serbia and other representatives.
1991On June 25th, the Slovenian and Croatian authorities declared independence at the same time after a long period of preparation.
On the 26th, the federal government issued a statement saying that the unilateral declaration of independence by Slovenia and Croatia was "illegal and invalid". On June 27th, a large-scale armed conflict broke out between the Slovenian armed forces and the Yugoslav People's Army. Soon after, the war spread to the Croatian Serb-inhabited areas and escalated seriously.
After repeated contests, the South People's Army, mainly composed of Serbs and Montenegrins, basically controlled the Serb-populated areas in Croatia. 165438+ 10 17, the South People's Army captured Vukovar, a strategic town in the Republic of Croatia, and more than 2,000 Croatian defenders declared their surrender.
Under the influence of Slovenia and Croatia's independence process, the Republic of South Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Macedonia also changed their relatively moderate positions and began to seek independence. On September 8th, Macedonia held a referendum on independence, 1 16 10. On October 5th, Muslim and Croatian parliamentarians, accounting for 58% of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, signed the Memorandum on Bosnia and Herzegovina's sovereignty. The memorandum declares Bosnia and Herzegovina as a sovereign state that maintains the existing borders, and expresses Bosnia and Herzegovina's independence tendency. 165438+1On October 20th, the Macedonian Parliament declared Macedonia an independent and sovereign country. So far, four of the six republics have declared independence one after another, and Yugoslavia is in danger of total disintegration.
On February 26th, 2006, the Presidium of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia announced that Serbia, Montenegro and the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Croatia jointly formed "Little Yugoslavia", which further complicated the situation in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
65438+February 17 European Community holds foreign ministers' meeting. After more than hours of heated debate in 10, it was decided to recognize the independence of Slovenia and Croatia on June 1992+ 10/5. This decision is undoubtedly diplomatic recognition and international support for one of the warring parties in Yugoslavia. Therefore, once the decision was announced, the civil war in Yugoslavia further escalated, and even the air force and surface-to-surface missiles were used in the conflict.